语法理论

by Stefan Müller

简介 本书全面系统地介绍了在当代语言学发展进程中起到重要作用的形式语法理论，包括短语结构语法、转换语法-管辖与约束理论、转换语法-最简方案、广义短语结构语法、词汇功能语法、范畴语法、中心语驱动的短语结构语法、构式语法、依存语法和树邻接语法。作者对重要的理论学说进行了深入浅出的讲解，并详细说明了每种理论是如何分析论元成分与附加成分、主被动变换、局部重新排序、动词替换以及跨长距离依存成分前置等问题的。这些分析都以德语作为目标语言来说明。 本书第二部分比较了这些理论在分析语言习得和心理语言学的合理性方面所提出的假说。例如，天赋论假说认为人类习得某种语言是由语言的内在机制决定的。本书对该观点进行了严格的评判，并讨论了其他的语言习得模型。第二部分还讨论了当前理论构建中存在的争议性问题，如平铺结构还是二叉结构更为合适？句式应该是在短语层还是词汇层上处理？以及抽象的、不可见的实体是否应该在句法分析中占有一席之地？实际上，不同的理论框架对这些问题的解释是互通的。作者在最后一章说明了如何对所有语言都具有的共性特征或某类语言具有的共同特征进行描写。本书是对出版于2016年的《语法理论-从转换语法到基于约束的理论》（Grammatical From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches）英语版的中译本。下面引述的内容摘自评论： "穆勒针对各种语法理论所作的严肃且公正的论述填补了文献领域的一大空白。"Karen Lehmann, Zeitschrift für Rezensionen zur germanistischen Sprachwissenschaft, 2012 "斯特凡-穆勒最新发表的这本导论性教科书《语法理论》（Grammatiktheorie）是一本难得的具有综合性和深入洞见的入门书籍，适合当代句法理论的初学者学习。"Wolfgang Sternefeld und Frank Richter, Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft, 2012 "这是那种世间难觅的著作......作者公正且客观的论述特别地令人耳目一新。"Werner Abraham, Germanistik, 2012 这些章节的内容至少可以使得那些对关键问题持有不同意见的学者都参与到讨论中来，而且也许会使得他们对彼此的研究成果有更好的理解与赞许，进而推动研究的进一步发展。总之，跟Sternefeld & Richter（2012）针对本书早期版本所持的有些悲观的且倾向于生成语法优先的看法相反的是，我积极地将Müller所做的工作看作是一个通道，它有潜力将形式语言学家聚集在一起以使得他们能够认识到各自圈子之外的理论性工作的全貌。"Michael T. Putnam, Glossa, 2016 This book is a translation of Müller, Stefan. 2016. Grammatical From transformational grammar to constraint-based approaches. Language Science Press.

786 pages, Paperback

Published October 7, 2020

About the author

Stefan Müller, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin
Stefan Müller studied Computer Science, Computational Linguistics and Linguistics at the Humboldt University at Berlin and in Edinburgh. He worked at the German Research Center of Artificial Intelligence (DFKI) in Saarbrücken and for the company Interice. He worked as acting chair for German and Computational Linguistics in Jena and for Theoretical Computational Linguistics in Potsdam. He had an assistant professorship in Bremen for theoretical linguistics and computational linguistics, a full professorship for German and General Linguistics at the Freie Universität Berlin and is now professor for German language with specialization in syntax at the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin.

His main re­search topic is Ger­man gram­mar. He works both em­pir­i­cal­ly and the­o­ret­i­cal­ly. Top­ics of in­ter­est are mor­phol­o­gy, syn­tax, se­man­tics, and in­for­ma­tion struc­ture. He pub­lished main­ly about Ger­man, but he also works on other lan­guages as for in­stance Man­darin Chi­nese, Dan­ish, Mal­tese, and Per­sian. The the­o­ret­i­cal work is car­ried out in the frame­work of Head-​ Driv­en Phrase Struc­ture Gram­mar (HPSG) and the the­o­ret­i­cal anal­y­ses are im­ple­ment­ed in com­put­er-​pro­cess­able gram­mar frag­ments. The gram­mar frag­ments that are implemented in the CoreGram Project use a com­mon core. One goal of his re­search is to un­der­stand lan­guage and to find out what lan­guages in gen­er­al and cer­tain lan­guage class­es in par­tic­u­lar have in com­mon.

Stefan^^^Müller