El libro tibetano de los muertos

by Padmasambhava

El Bardo Thödol se atribuye a Padmasambhava, el monje que a mediados del siglo VIII llevó el budismo a Tíbet y fundó el primer monasterio, aunque se cree que fue Karmalingpa el que encontró en el siglo XVI el texto perdido que se conocía con el nombre de “La liberación del estado intermedio por la escucha”, sabiéndose, no obstante, que se transmitía de forma oral desde el siglo XIV. Fue el doctor Walter Evans-Wentz quien lo publicó por primera vez en Occidente en 1927, bajo el título de El libro tibetano de los muertos. La obra versa sobre el “estado intermedio”, aquel que sobreviene después de la muerte y previo a un nuevo nacimiento, siendo una “guía para los que desean traspasar la muerte y convertir el proceso en un acto de liberación”. Su valiosa perspectiva se centra en plantear la muerte como un estado (bardo) de consciencia distinto al estado de la vigilia o del sueño en su manifestación, pero similar en esencia, formando los seis estados de la conciencia del ser humano un proceso uniforme. Un libro imprescindible para acceder a la profunda espiritualidad y conocimiento del budismo tibetano, y obra básica de la literatura universal sobre la muerte, tanto en sus aspectos filosóficos como fenomenológicos. El texto se completa con una excelente introducción de lama Anagarika Govinda.

256 pages, Paperback

Published March 22, 2021

About the author

According to tradition, Padmasambhava was incarnated as an eight-year-old child appearing in a lotus blossom floating in Lake Dhanakosha, in the kingdom of Uddiyana, traditionally identified with the Swat Valley in present-day Pakistan. His special nature was recognized by the local king who married him to one of his daughters, Mandarava. She and Padmasambhava's other main consort, Yeshe Tsogyal, developed into realised practitioners. Many thangkas and paintings show Padmasambhava in between them.
Padmasambhava's ability to memorize and comprehend esoteric texts in a single hearing established his reputation as a master above all others. Knowing that the life force of the wife and son of evil minister was about to end, he constructed an accident which resulted in their death. As a result, Padmasambhava was banished from the court and exiled in a charnel ground. Transiting various heavens and hells, he developed the power to transcend the cycle of birth and death, accomplishing the so-called great transference.
His fame became known to Trisong Detsen, the 38th king of Tibet (742–797), whose kingdom was beset by evil mountain deities. The king invited Padmasambhava to Tibet where he used his tantric powers to subdue the evil deities he encountered along the way, eventually receiving the Emperor's wife, identified with the dakini Yeshe Tsogyal, as a consort. This was in accordance with the tantric principle of not eliminating negative forces but redirecting them to fuel the journey toward spiritual awakening. In Tibet he founded the first monastery in the country, Samye Gompa, initiated the first monks, and introduced the people to the practice of Tantric Buddhism.
In Bhutan he is associated with the famous Taktshang or "Tiger's Nest" monastery built on a sheer cliff wall about 500m above the floor of Paro valley. He flew there from Tibet on the back of Yeshe Tsogyal, whom he transformed into a flying tigress for the purpose of the trip. Later he travelled to Bumthang district to subdue a powerful deity offended by a local king. Padmasambhava's body imprint can be found in the wall of a cave at nearby Kurje Lhakhang temple.
According to Tibetan tradition, the Bardo Thodol (commonly referred to as the Tibetan Book of the Dead) was among many treasures hidden by Padmasambhava, subsequently discovered by a Tibetan terton, Karma Lingpa.