Death, Taxes, Chicanery, and . . . . the Fullness of Time?
When it comes to relics, count me a skeptic. I think they are interesting because of what they reveal about people, but I want to see evidence, which seldom holds up to the powerful traditions attached to the objects. A few years ago, a friend encouraged me to attend a presentation on the authenticity of the Shroud of Turin at a local church. I politely declined, citing my firm belief that carbon dating had finally and indisputably resolved that the controversial band of linen dated not to the first century AD, and thus consistent with its supposed origin as the burial shroud of Jesus, but rather to the Middle Ages, and thus a forgery, albeit an expert one. The modern adage attributed to Benjamin Franklin that the only things that are certain are death and taxes misses something important. You may add to that with confidence the certainty of chicanery, and chicanery goes a long way in explaining many relics in the absence of evidence.
But then, a couple weeks ago, I came across an interview with William West, journalist and author of “Riddles of the Shroud”, and my curiosity was triggered. What caught my attention was his confident assertion that the carbon dating evidence had been discredited, that new evidence of first century dating had been published in April of this year, and that a million-dollar challenge to the British Museum (which oversaw the carbon testing) to duplicate the shroud using Middle Ages technology remains unclaimed. I had heard none of this before, so I decided to buy the book. So glad I did! Highly recommended!
West comprehensively examines the objections to and evidence for the first century and Middle Eastern origins of the artifact, with important emphasis on the claim that it is a forgery. He looks at the weave of the linen, the unusual physical nature of the image itself (affecting an unexplained portion of the linen fibers), how the image reveals 3D aspects of the subject and the presence of rigor mortis, the presence of actual human blood as well as pollen and limestone traces consistent with tradition, and much more, so much of which I had no awareness. He also discusses a theory of how the image plausibly could have been created, which also helps explain the unreliability of the carbon dating. It’s quite hard to find significant weakness in his presentation of the evidence, which builds with anticipation and, yes, drama, even though West is highly objective. I came away convinced overwhelmingly that the Shroud could not possibly be a forgery, and quite reasonably has first century and Middle Eastern origins. The penultimate chapter summarizes the evidence with 99 questions unanswerable by scientific analysis, a powerful and helpful wrap-up.
The Shroud of Turin is unlike any other artifact ever discovered, and more thoroughly examined as well, but that doesn’t prove that it is what it purports to be, the burial shroud of Jesus Christ. On the one hand, that doesn’t really matter, certainly not to me as a convinced believer. My faith stands firm with or without the Shroud. After all, I had dismissed it until reading “Riddles of the Shroud.”
But if it is what tradition says it is, God has a purpose for preserving it and stimulating our fascination with it. People sometimes question why Jesus began His ministry as He did if He is Who we say He is (as Judas, in “Jesus Christ Superstar” puzzles, “in such a backward time and such a strange land”). Well the answer is that He began in the fullness of time. The Roman Empire brought the first historical opportunity for widespread peace, transportation, communication, language and other factors necessary for the Gospel to spread rapidly. Perhaps the fullness of time is at work here also. West adds an appendix (which I at first thought unnecessary) about the fine tuning of the universe. In fact, it adds immensely, showing in great summary how scientific advances in recent decades have given us overwhelming insights into the existence of God. Perhaps the scientific examination of the Shroud, only possible in recent years, is pointing to something profound also. With God, His revelation in the fullness of time is another thing we can expect with certainty.