Incredible, a stylistic achievement in terms of clarity, concision, and breadth. This book takes a sledgehammer to methodological nationalism. I highly recommend it!
“Such a record [of regional working-class revolt] does not ‘romanticise’ the working class in the Arab world. It affirms the increasing weight of the working class during a period in which uneven development has created great instability. The pace of Arab workers’ struggle is unlikely to slow. As the regimes’ room for manoeuvre is narrowed by economic pressures, further upheavals can be expected. In particular, where the crisis of Arab nationalism is reflected by the break-up of state-owned industry and the advance of private and foreign capital—as in Egypt, Algeria, Iraq and even in Libya3o—sudden explosions are likely. As the Iranian revolution of 1979 showed so dramatically, in a region where there is a tradition of political movements rapidly stimulating activity across national boundaries, such struggles are likely to have a highly destabilising effect.
All the Arab regimes are vulnerable to movements from below which express the interests of millions who have not shared in the oil boom, in the privileges of the ruling families and bureaucracies, or in the wealth of those who profit from the ‘opening’ to Western capital. A continuing struggle against imperialism such as the Palestinian Uprising can act as a catalyst —as the Egyptian, Algerian and Jordanian rulers have found to their cost.”
“The process of uneven development means that the industrial working class may merge with the urban poor and the agricultural proletariat—such is the case especially in North Africa and Egypt. This does not lessen the political potential of the proletariat as a class with the collective power to play the leading role in political life. Indeed, as events from the Russian revolution of 1917 to the Iranian revolution of 1979 have shown, at times of social crisis the working class in such countries plays the decisive role in the process of change.”