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Following a simple Edinburgh girlhood, Grace Dalrymple came of age in the sin city of London, where wealthy men ruled society and women had everything to lose, starting with their reputations. As an impressionable bride of seventeen who married a man more than twice her age, Grace's remarkable beauty (likened by journalists to "a May morning") soon attracted the attentions of other men. A disastrous liaison with a consummate rake not only branded Grace as a demi-rep -- a woman with half a reputation -- but the scandal provoked Dr. John Eliot, her philandering husband, to pursue a divorce.
Grace became mistress of the most infamous peer in England, George James, Lord Cholmondeley, whose "secret perfections" were reputed to inspire "female enthusiasm." Cholmondeley commemorated the relationship by commissioning two works from eminent portraitist Thomas Gainsborough, first in 1778 and later in 1782, the same year Grace gave birth to a daughter, Georgiana (who may, in fact, have been the child of the Prince of Wales). Had Grace been an aristocrat, she and Cholmondeley might have had a future together, but it was not to be.
The tabloids broke the news: "Miss Dalrymple has embarked for France, and it is said parted with her noble gallant." Grace was soon to find a new protector in that nation's richest man, Philippe, Duc d'Orleans. Though Grace was ensconced as "one of the most brilliant and popular among the fashionable 'impures,'" her liaison with the duke turned perilous when Orleans fell to the Revolution's guillotine, just as she narrowly escaped with her life.
"People die, but love may not," declares author Jo Manning of her subject's romantic and historic misadventures. A connoisseur of the times, Manning ably demonstrates -- through contemporary newspapers, magazines, prints, and portraits as well as Grace's posthumously published journal -- how life in George III's England and Marie Antoinette's France can seem strangely familiar, especially when history turns to affairs of the heart.
432 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 2005
"...Courtesans are fashioned by circumstance, not born, despite the charges of Grace Elliott's most serious detractor, the biographer Horace Bleackley, who included Grace in his 1909 compendium of courtesans (a work several times reprinted) entitled Ladies Fair and Frail: Sketches of the Demi-Monde During the Eighteenth Century. Bleackley asserts with great confidence:
Nature intended her to be a courtesan, and she reveled in the power and the risk and the freedom of her adventurous life.
How absurd! Bleackley is judgmental to an amazing degree. He's a typical late Victorian male, and his biased comments are outrageous to contemporary readers. He categorizes females as either good (wives, mothers) or bad (courtesans, prostitutes). What he had to say about Grace Elliott has, unfortunately, obscured the truth and has been repeated as fact for almost a hundred years."
"...Lady Craven - showing not a little jealousy, perhaps, to a possible rival - upon seeing Grace at the Ranelagh pleasure gardens, described her in a catty manner as a "Glumdalclitch," the young giantess in Jonathan Swift's fantasy tale Gulliver's Travels. (Bleackley, who rarely has anything good to say about any woman he writes about, gets his digs in about Lady Craven too, calling her "clever and winsome...[but the] most wanton of wives.")Am wondering if this is the Lady Craven referred to...
"The feminist scholar Lillian S. Robinson in 1978 wrote a provocative essay, "Why Marry Mr. Collins?" that's crucial to a modern reader's understanding of the reality of marriage..."I've seen that essay cited so many places - and happily it's available online (here) if you have an account on Open Library (it's free). It's in Robinson's book Sex, Class, and Culture .
"...Granted Dr. Eliot was more controlling than most husbands, but a smart, discreet, manipulative wife could have worked around that and had him in her pocket. (Pockets, by the way, were worn under dresses and attached to a petticoat, accessible by a slit in the dress. As dresses narrowed, these pockets became too bulky, so purses, or reticules, came to serve the same purpose.) At any rate, Grace was reckless, or in love, which in effect amounted to much the same thing."Many of these asides, rather than be tucked into the text like this, are actually set into a sidebar type column. At first I thought this was odd, but then I found the facts interesting and skipped forward to read more of them at one sitting. (Here's my own aside - Eliot is apparently spelled with one or two l's. Ah for the 1700s' more mellow concept of spelling.)
"...James' curious life story inspired fiction. Sir Walter Scott's Guy Mannering, Tobias Smollett's Peregrine Pickle, and Charles Reade's The Wandering Heir were all based on poor James Annesley's dramatic experiences.And, according to wikipedia, also Robert Louis Stevenson's Kidnapped.
"Snuffboxes and waistcoat buttons of the most dissolute men sported lewd drawings along the lines of Rowlandson's pornographic prints. ...Painted sporting scenes on waistcoat buttons were popular with fashionable men, but these sporting scenes went beyond what was considered polite, especially in company that included women."I am now fascinated that there was such a thing as a lewd waistcoat button.
"Charles Dickens, in his novel of the Reign of Terror, A Tale of Two Cities, published in serial form in 1859, got it exactly right: more commoners than nobles were killed at the guillotine, perhaps as many as two-thirds to one-half more. Remember Dickens's Sydney Carton and the little seamstress? Neither of them was an aristocrat. Grace Elliot narrowly missed becoming one of these commoner victims in 1794.I remember when I first read Dickens thinking it was weird that they would bother to kill someone that wasn't French. That was before I understood that it was actually easier to be suspect because you weren't French, and thus all the more reason to get rid of you. Also you were an outsider/foreigner anyway and who was going to come to your defense? It'd have to be someone that either really cared about you personally or just had a lot of courage.
The Carmes: This former Carmelite convent on the rue Vaugirard, near the Luxembourg Gardens - now the church of Saint Joseph des Carmes - holds an ossuary of the skulls and bones of more than one hundred members of the clergy who were massacred in the gardens on September 2, 1792. ...[Even in 1794:] It was a noxious place and there were vermin everywhere. The walls, cobblestones, ceilings and stairs were still stained with the blood of the martyred clergymen, even after two years and some attempts at cleaning."
"The horror of being at the mercy of these radical revolutionaries and their robotic minions, the prison jailers, is reminiscent of the Nazi concentration camps."This is actually a great comparison - but not just for the prisons and the treatment within them. I'd say it holds true for the entire system of the Terror, especially the bloody violence and lack of human empathy that seemed to run rampant.
"...There's a lot of confusion in what he [Richard Bentley] writes about Grace's personal life and how he came by the manuscript. His editorial comments in the prologue and epilogue to her book have misled readers and perpetuated gross inaccuracies, causing many to doubt the veracity of her narrative."
"...The National Archives were undergoing renovation at the time I went to Paris...
...the personnel were so unhelpful - in fact, downright snippy - that the trip was an exercise in aggravation.
...[A writer for a US news magazine said] the only conclusion he could draw, after years of encountering bad attitude, was that the government policy had to be to hire aliens only, aliens "who despised all carbon-based life forms.""