When setting a novel in ancient Egypt, one has only sketchy historical information to work with. The ancient Egyptian elite left many clues about their life and time, but also attempted to erase undesirable parts of their history. Pauline Gedge does a masterful job of weaving historical fact with fiction and brings us characters that are as fully formed and human as anyone we might know today. Some of the story is shocking and it is easy to pass judgment on the past from the cultural and time differences of modern Western society. For me, a fan of ancient Egypt, the saga rang true, except for the circumstances of young pharaoh Tutankhamun's death, which (spoiler alert!), we now know from DNA testing in the early 21st century on his mummy, was most likely caused by malaria. Rumors circulated for years that he may have been murdered, so it is an intriguing plot point nevertheless. How he died is less important than the events that ensued.
The novel begins during the last years of the reign of 18th Dynasty's Pharaoh Amunhotep III, told primarily from the point of view of his queen and empress, Tiye, who were the parents of the "heretic" king Akhenaten. The aging pharaoh has placed his hopes for succession on his son Thotmes (Thutmose), who dies prematurely before his father, allowing his younger brother, the strange and isolated Amunhotep IV (who will later change his name to Akhenaten), to ascend the throne, supported by his mother, who loves her son in spite of his unusual appearance and ideas, and tries to exert as much influence on his governance as possible. Akhenaten marries the beautiful Nefertiti, his cousin, whom he loves, and after a few years of a somewhat inept reign, declares the sun disk, Aten, as the one and only god, forsaking Egypt's other gods, particularly Amun, and has a new capital built called Akhetaten. The court moves to the new city from Thebes, which has been the Egyptian royal capital for decades, leaving it to decline and decay. Egyptologists know from written records and depictions of the royal family that Nefertiti produces six daughters and no sons. However, there are two young boys (whose maternal parentage is not clear), viewed as possible future successors: the lazy, spoiled Smenkhara, a late son born of Amunhotep III and (according to Gedge's account) Tiye, and the infant Tutankhaten (later Tutankhamun), Akhenaten's son with another wife or concubine.
The story takes us through Akhenaten's entire disastrous reign, and we see all the major players - Tiye, Ay, Horemheb, Nefertiti and her sister Mutnodjme, and other known historical figures - in the story that Gedge expertly allows to unfold. The novel concludes at the start of Horemheb's reign, who is the last ruler of the 18th Dynasty.
Gedge is careful to make the dialogue sound natural without seeming too modern and colloquial, which other authors have attempted to do with varying amounts of success. To anyone who is interested in ancient Egypt and fascinated in particular with the 18th Dynasty rulers, I would recommend The Twelfth Transforming (which may only be available as an ebook) as well as her previous novel, Child of the Morning, about the earlier 18th century pharaoh, Hatshepsut, a woman who defied tradition to become pharaoh.