Note: if you want to just read about this book's depiction of Piglet (who is, you know, in the title), skip to the paragraphs that start with the bolded "what about Piglet?"
A few weeks ago, after finishing The Tao of Pooh, I went onto GoodReads to look at the general reviews: many were in line with what I was thinking, with most of the more negative views going towards Benjamin Hoff's apparent anti-science, anti-intellectual views expressed through the book. I could not deny any of that, though for me, that type of thinking appeared minimal during my reading of The Tao of Pooh, and so didn't really dampen my enjoyment of the experience. It was great reading about one of my favorite childhood characters in a new light, one that praised him and showed some subliminal wisdom that can hold true even decades after the book's initial publishing.
I so wish I could say the same about Hoff's followup book, The Te of Piglet. I truly do. But the complaints that readers had about the first installment show up again in this unofficial sequel, to a vehement degree that I can't ignore this time around. How so? Let me attempt to explain:
As in his first installment, Hoff explains aspects of Taoism through the lens of A. A. Milne's iconic Winnie the Pooh characters, this time with a focus on Piglet as being the embodiment of the Taoist Te, "virtue in action" or "virtue of the small". This quality attracts more in-depth explanation as the narrative continues in order to highlight the small, often-nervous Piglet as embodying this aspect more than any other character in Milne's verse. However, as with The Tao of Pooh, this type of explanation gets bogged down or almost forgotten about altogether in favor of exploring the negative qualities of other inhabitants of the Hundred Acre Wood: namely Eeyore, Rabbit, Owl, and Tigger. Hoff symbolizes each character as embodying something quite cynical about the world, particularly the Western world, at large: Eeyore, the ever-cynical depressive; Rabbit, the intellectual too concerned with being in control all the time; Owl, the other intellectual too full of pomposity to actually do anything; and Tigger, the hyper-enthusiast who looks (or jumps) before he leaps, causing disaster. I understand the use of these characters in The Tao of Pooh, as they often sharply contrast with the simple humility of Pooh Bear. However, in The Te of Piglet, not only are these characters and their flaws reiterated once again, they are also fully doubled down on in excess, with much more overt political messages needlessly attached.
A particular standout is Eeyore, who once again has an entire chapter dedicated to him. Before, Hoff showcased Eeyore as a general case of overwhelming cynicism that dampens the need for action. Now, Eeyore becomes a stand-in for a number of political adversaries, from the modern (Western) education system (called "Iron Fist educators") to second-wave feminists (here termed "Eeyore Amazons"). The latter in case in particular is what tipped me off to something going wrong with the book (warning: wall of text incoming): Hoff goes into page after page railing against feminists of the time, about how they're denying their femininity by "covet[ing] masculinity", how they "imitate and increase the worst sort of masculine energy" while simultaneously "denouc[ing] practically everything they dislike as masculine and a threat--to the extent of seeing masculinity and threats that aren't there".
Well gee, what kind of threats? Sexual harrassment and assault? Unequal pay? Stereotyped portrayals in the media? None of those--just the general questioning of gendered nouns (e.g., changing "congressman" to "congressperson") and some women keeping their maiden names when they marry (which Hoff likens to "well, those names came from their own fathers, so they're not really feminists", nevermind the fact that you can adopt whatever name you like as your own and names are a large part of your identity)*. All of this Hoff points to as a lagging "respect for the feminine", because questioning gendered norms of patriarchal society is utterly "masculine"; to be truly "feminine", you must be passive and unquestioning, gentle and kind at all times and never ever get angry. Else all those men will say "We don't have to be nice to them [women] anymore"** and the "Eeyore Amazons" will be to blame, all you silly women who are ruining society by questioning the sexism in the original Chivalric code***.
*To which he goes on to write "And why are words so important to them, anyway?" Dude, you're a writer who just 10 pages previously had an imaginary argument with Winnie the Pooh over what he heard was "ostracized" or "ostrich-sized", with you getting clearly frustrated over Pooh insisting on the latter. Why is this word so important to you, anyway?
**Seriously, that's an IRL comment said to Hoff after a rude remark to a secretary, basically saying "We're allowed to be misogynistic because some women want to use a variety of pronouns".
***He continues to illuminate that the "code of chivalry makes kindness, consideration, and respect fashionable, and makes it admirable and desirable for the advantaged to assist the disadvantaged". While there is truth to that, Hoff ignores that when second-wave feminists object to chivalry, it's the more popular Western perception of chivalry making men into the inherent saviors of women, because women are too delicate to do anything on their own. Not to the idea of helping the economic/socially disadvantaged or having men as allies, but to the notion of "men must always save women", placing an undue burden onto both men and women.
To all of this, I keep saying: so what? Why does this bother you so much? You're worried about the downfall of society, sure, but you're going to lay the blame on deconstructive feminism? This may have all made much more sense in 1992, but today in 2019 this is all laughable at best. Lord only knows how Hoff would react to the idea of gender-neutral terms/pronouns or transgender people taking down the notion of a gender binary. (I imagine a scenario in which Hoff reacts to a transgendered person coming out: "Now, Bob, you're just confused. You're simply not accepting The Way Things Are^TM by rejecting your masculinity that nature intended for you. We simply can't call you "she" or "her" or "Lisa" or--why are you so upset? Why are you so focused on words anyway, they all mean the same?")
It doesn't stop there. Chapter after chapter follow, often focusing on other characters and how they correlate to a real hot-button issue that Hoff doesn't like, heaping on more and more negativity all the while. And what really gets me is that sometimes he will make some good points, like about the over-testing environment of the education system, or companies polluting the environment in order to make a quick buck. However, all of these salient points are buried under a thick layer of smug condescension, holding Taoism, and by association China, as the be-all, end-all, while also denying the worth of modern science.
And here's what really goads me about this--many of the facts Hoff spouts off to support his conclusions are based on scientific research! The list of dates showcasing the aftereffects of nuclear bombs in Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and the Bikini Atoll, as well as nuclear plant meltdowns like Three Mile Island and Chernobyl could not have been garnished without careful research akin to what certain intellectuals would do. The statistics he lists about international environmental degradation and the growing hole in the ozone layer above Southern Chile could not have been replicated without the modern scientific research at the time. Not to mention, look at how Hoff describes how Taoists come to observe and conclude phenomena:
"In that Pooishly humble incident, one can see all the elements of pure science as practiced by the Taoists: the chance occurrence, the observant and inquisitive mind, deduction of the principles involved, application of those principles, modification of materials, and a new practice or way of doing things."
That's--that's the scientific method. You know, the one taught to all school children in the US? The fundamentals behind trying to see what goes on in the world and what would happen if I/we/this thing did x under y conditions? The basics of observing something and asking questions and following through to see what will happen and then proceeding to ask more questions based on the results? And yet, you still proceed to bash modern Western scientists for doing much of the same thing your average Taoist apparently does. You know, the modern scientists making research that you incorporate into the book alongside Taoist literature and Milne's original stories!
Now, I'm not trying to claim that some white guy from Anglo-centric Europe should have sole credit for the scientific method or anything. As Hoff goes on to explain, there are plenty of non-white cultures that contributed greatly to human progression, while also far ahead of various European scientists. However, it's one thing to acknowledge the limitless contributions across international cultures and quite another thing to bash the institution of science as a whole in favor of a stilted view of one country, namely China in this book. Hoff even holds up modern China as an ideal to follow, especially in its educational system and ways of respecting the environment. Considering the current problems the country is facing in those areas (see: the ever-increasing air pollution levels in China's industrialized cities, the limits of teaching critical thinking in Chinese classrooms, the intense college admissions exams in the Gaokao leading to an increase in student suicide rates) as well as the current administration's proliferation of human rights abuses, I would not advisably hold up China as an exemplary, positive model, not even in 1992.
And I'm not saying that the US is exemplary in any of those areas either. Whether it's us, China, or any other region, human society still has many areas in which to progress, in an ever-changing and environmentally-fraught world. The point is that despite Hoff's insistence on a Taoist balance, he fails to see beyond a binary where "this is good and this is bad", even when he ironically inserts a story that argues the opposite.
So now, you may be wondering: what about Piglet?
And here's my most basic problem with this book: despite what the title says, this book has much less Piglet than expected. The Te of Piglet is even longer than The Tao of Pooh, yet spends much less on its title character than the latter does. Which is quite a shame, because whenever the chapters turn to focusing on Piglet, the book shines. Hoff states that Piglet is his favorite of Milne's characters, a sentiment that I share wholeheartedly. As a young girl who was often nervous and shy around others, I identified with Piglet strongly. Whether in the pages of Milne or the cartoons of Disney, Piglet was usually the smallest and most fearful, yet his inner strength and loyalty towards his friends made him one of the most relatable beings in the Hundred Acre Woods. Whenever I picture Piglet, I can see just what Hoff means by "virtue of the small", of the ones often overlooked by higher institutions but who shine nevertheless.
Yet Hoff, despite his love for Piglet, rarely focuses on that. Instead, he bashes other characters as stand-ins for his real-life gripes. Even Pooh comes across much less favorably than in Hoff's previous installment, seeming more stupid here than simple and humble. And sometimes when he does focus on Piglet, he misses the point in order to tend to the idea of Gaia's revenge--no seriously, here's what he writes about how "our planet takes action to cast out its man-made poisons and heal its man-caused wounds" (so basically global warming):
"But in reality we are the most fortunate generation since recorded human history began. For when the necessary cleansing is over, we will witness a magical transformation of the world around us by the forces of the earth. And we will see for ourselves what the ancient Taoists meant by the Age of Perfect Virtue. When the remains of today's anti-earth civilization have been cleared away, we will find ourselves in the state of paradise that existed before the Great Separation occurred...And the Day of Piglet will be here."
So basically, the apocalyptic levels of human suffering currently ongoing that are due to increase once it's too late to stop the human effects on global warming, and the environmental and human devastation that occurs after the global temperatures rise and the ice-caps melt? Those are all good things, you see, ones that embody the virtues of young Piglet, now apparently the Harbinger of Doom. Nevermind the fact that everyone, from plants to animals to humans, will suffer as a result, most notably the most down-trodden (and thus, most Piglet) of society, surely we are the "most fortunate generation" due to this.
By the end of this book, I am tired. I am left angry, confused, irritated, and exhausted. But mostly, I'm left disappointed. I may not know much about Taoism, but I'm pretty sure Taoists deserve better than this. A. A. Milne deserves better than this.
Piglet deserves better than this.