So yes, Hans Peter Richter’s 1961 Damals war es Friedrich (which has also been translated into English as simply Friedrich and equally won the Mildred Batchelder Award) is considered one of the first German language novels conceptualised for children to deliberately and specifically tackle and analyse Nazi atrocities. Because indeed and certainly, Richter’s narrative for Damals war es Friedrich has as its main theme not how WWII was such a terrible time for Germany and the average German citizen (and which seems to have been the general scenario encountered in late 1940s and early 1950s German children’s novels having WWII as a theme), but instead Damals war es Friedrich demonstrates rabid and all encompassing anti Semitism, how German Jews were during Adolf Hitler reign of terror slowly but constantly, surely stripped of their basic human rights (and how Friedrich’s death at the end of Damals war es Friedrich during a bombing raid by the Allies should in fact be seen and approached as having been totally precipitated by anti Semitism, since Friedrich was denied entry into the bunker, into his building’s basement airstrike shelter due to him being Jewish).
Furthermore, I do very much and appreciatively remember encountering Damals war es Friedrich in the spring of 1976 (as an in-class reading assignment). For even though Damals war es Friedrich was of course and naturally a massively depressing and absolutely infuriatingly painful reading experience for nine year old me, Hans Peter Richter’s text and our classroom based discussions did give us students a necessary even if personally uncomfortable portrait of our past, of Germany’s past, and indeed also answered a lot of questions I myself was having about the Third Reich, about the Nazis and also concerning anti Semitism (and which my own family either could not or did not really want to answer at that particular time). And as such, I do very much consider Damals war es Friedrich as a both important and also necessary childhood reading experience for me, even though there was never any reading pleasure or joy encountered (but yes, that is also how it bien sûr should be).
However, even though I am glad to have read Damals war es Friedrich as a child and still do consider this novel as a generally age appropriate and enlightening basic entry into National Socialism and into the Holocaust for child readers from about the age of eight to twelve or so (with of course the caveat that there is no happy ending and much depressing horror to be encountered), as an older and much more critically analytical adult rereading Damals was es Friedrich for the first time since 1976, I do have to admit finding especially Hans Peter Richter’s general writing style really quite chilling and potentially problematic. Because to and for me, both the title of Damals war es Friedrich and in particular how the young narrator (a nameless German boy and Friedrich’s best friend) tells us about Friedrich’s life and death as a Jew during WWII, during the terrors of Nazi anti Semitism in Third Reich Germany, there is a stylistic and emotional fatalism and resigning authorial attitude present that sure does keep me thinking that for Klaus Peter Richter himself, while the Holocaust is appreciatively seen as horrible, unforgivable, painful, it is also somehow being visualised as something rather typical of human populations in general, that there always seems to be the need for scapegoats and that in Nazi Germany, those scapegoats just happened to be the Jews, leaving me as an adult reader with the very much uncomfortable feeling that while in Hans Peter Richter is of course angered and horrified by the anti Semitism of the Third Reich, he also seems to rather resign himself to this and to simply consider the atrocities of the Holocaust as somehow being part of human behaviour and human societies as a whole, and thus not something that one can actively strive against and try to change for the better, for the positive.