Les deux premiers ouvrages ont été écrits en 1844, la même année où Marx rédigeait ses fameux Manuscrits de Paris : cette année est le symbole de la réaction antihégélienne, c'est-à-dire de la réaction antiphilosophique au sein de laquelle nous sommes encore plongés. Le Traité du désespoir date de 1849. Ces textes préparent la critique nietzschéenne, car ils manient la même ironie, prêtent la même attention au style philosophique, attaquent de front la tradition et ses principes les mieux établis. Kierkegaard reste le fondateur de la pensée "existentialiste", qu'elle soit chrétienne, athée ou marxisante.
Søren Aabye Kierkegaard was a prolific 19th century Danish philosopher and theologian. Kierkegaard strongly criticised both the Hegelianism of his time and what he saw as the empty formalities of the Church of Denmark. Much of his work deals with religious themes such as faith in God, the institution of the Christian Church, Christian ethics and theology, and the emotions and feelings of individuals when faced with life choices. His early work was written under various pseudonyms who present their own distinctive viewpoints in a complex dialogue.
Kierkegaard left the task of discovering the meaning of his works to the reader, because "the task must be made difficult, for only the difficult inspires the noble-hearted". Scholars have interpreted Kierkegaard variously as an existentialist, neo-orthodoxist, postmodernist, humanist, and individualist.
Crossing the boundaries of philosophy, theology, psychology, and literature, he is an influential figure in contemporary thought.