I thought this was an excellent and most enlightening presentation in graphic history form, of about 2,000 years of Chinese civilization. It is well-written and well-drawn; I've given it 5 stars because for me at least it clarified and explained many "mysteries" about China, its geography, the relationship of its geography and the dynastic cycles (in fact, the term dynastic cycle was something I even heard of previously). This book conveys a great deal of useful information about China in an accessible and pleasant format. I'd recommend it for anyone -- adult, teens, kids!
And now for the quotes:
"Discussion about China tends to center on its economic growth and for good reason. In just three decades China has gone from third world country to the world's second largest economy and in doing so it has lifted over 600 million peole from poverty."
"Dynastic cycle. In order to understand why dynasties rose and fell, traditional Chinese scholars came up with the idea of the dynastic cycle.
1. A ruler unifies china and founds a dynasty.
2. The country prospers.
3. The population increases.
4. Problems arise due to limited resources, corruption, and inequality between the rich and poor.
5. Natural disasters, foreign invasions, and political infighting trigger multiple crises.
6. When these crises disrupt farming, the ensuing famine causes rebellion among the people.
7. The central government collapses in war.
8. The population decreases.
9. A rebel leader emerges to begin a new dynasty and the dynastic cycle starts again."
"During monsoon season, annual rainfall is concentrated in a pan of three months during the summer. This intense precipitation often leads to floods followed by droughts."
"Today, the Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group on earth. they account for 92% of the people in China, or 20% of the world's population."
"Having a centralized government for half its history has allowed China to survive as an agriculture-based economy, despite being prone to floods, droughts, and nomad invasions. [An emperor says:] "We can quickly mobilize the resources of the entire country to handle both invaders and natural disasters." However, when a central government collapsed, violence plagued the country and caused massive loss of life. As many as 2/3 of the population might perish during a dynastic change."
"The Mandate of Heaven became a universal cry used by rebels throughout Chinese history. [A rebel says:] People have the right to overthrow any ruler who fails to provide for their needs. We have a mandate from heaven to start a new dynasty!"
[A song big and small landowners sing when King Li decided to ban private land ownership:]
"Big rat, big rat,
Do not eat our millet!
Three years we have served you,
Yet you don't care a thing about us.
One day we will leave you,
And go that happy land.
Happy land, happy land,
There we shall find our place."
"To make trading efficient, money became widely used in China during the Eastern Zhou."
"Sun Tzu, a military general, was the key figure in the School of the Military [one of the six major schools of thought that arose during the Eastern Zhou dynasty]. His strategic thinking was recorded in The Art of War."
"At age 30, Confucius set out on a journey that would influence china for the next 2,000 years."
"Confucian teaching: The five virtues: Benevolence, Righteousness, Ritual, Knowledge, Integrity. The four elements: Loyalty, Filial piety, self-restraint, devotion to principle."
[Confucius is shown saying:] "To help you understand my teachings, I've boiled down everything to one concept. Ren (Benevolence)."
"Confucius created an educational system that could: Provide a government with knowledgeable candidates for official posts. Motivate commoners to better themselves and achieve a higher social status through learning."
Legalism was another major school of thought that arose during the Eastern Zhou. A "power-mad" would-be ruler is shown saying: "A legalist can strengthen a state by keeping its people weak. How long does it take a benevolent person to win a war?"
[Emperor Wu] "... issued an equal-inheritance law in 128 BCE." [An off-frame person says:] "The main purpose of the law is to break large kingdoms into small pieces. Previously, the eldest son would inherit the land and title of his parents. Now, everything must be equally divided among all the sons."
[A Western Han emperor is depicted saying:] "In peaceful times like these, an obvious choice for a state ideology is Confucianism. It is most suitable for a bureaucratic system. Plus many ruling elites have already embraced Confucianism since they need Confucian music, ceremony, and etiquette to differentiate themselves from commoners."
"...the Western Han set up diplomatic outposts in Central Asia to facilitate the trade of silk for horses. Some of the silk traveled 4,000 miles and passed through many middlemen until it reached the Roman Empire. This network of trade routes was later known as the Silk Road."
"In 8 CE, [Wang Mang] .. took the thrown and soon established the Xin dynasty (9-23 CE), ending the Western Han." [Depiction of Wang Mang saying:]"Now I can make this country great again."
[Depictions of people eating and cooking.] "The new fashion in the Eastern Han is to use chopsticks to eat stir-fried dishes. First chop food in bite-sized pieces or smaller. Then stir and toss them in the wok. With stir-frying, I can cook a dish in minutes while bringing out a delicious flavor and aroma."
"Many were caught in the crossfire of this deadly [Eastern Han dynasty] infighting. Among them was Cai Lun (63-121), the inventor of paper."
"In Han times, the court used bamboo strips sewn together and rolled into scrolls. [Depiction of person bringing scrolls to a scroll storage room:] "It's too heavy to move!"
"The endless machinations at court marked the beginning of the end for the Eastern Han. The divided government became mired in many of the same issues that would trouble future dynasties in their last years. Huge population, Inequality, No tax base."