A couple of years ago, I read Dr Mark Williams’ “Mindfulness: A Practical Guide to Finding Peace in a Frantic World” as I have interest in yogic and Buddhist thought and practises and wanted some tips to better cope with a busy work life. I found that Dr Williams took a very compassionate yet scientific and practical approach. It was similar to Jon Kabat -Zinn’s “The Full Catastrophe” which married ancient yogic and Buddhist practises with modern science and approach to meet the challenges people face today. Dr Kabat-Zinn’s Mindfulness-Based Stressed Reduction Therapy (MSRT) and Dr William’s Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) are well-researched programmes (search more information on Google Scholar).
I was aware the Dr Williams’ speciality is in depression but have not read his book on the topic until now. I decided to do so because of the recent suicides of Kate Spade and Anthony Bourdain, and because a colleague told me about his daughter’s depression and suicidal tendencies. A few years back, I sat in a presentation given by a Google executive and she said that the most frequent health-related search term from Singapore was “depression.” I want to better understand this, and how mindfulness can help.
The first few chapters of this books are the most critical as they explain why unhappiness would not go away – that we are dealing with it the wrong way. Like quicksand, the harder we try to get ourselves out of negativity, the worse it gets. This is wonderful analogy when we understand the anatomy of depression.
Anatomy of depression: we normally see unpleasant feelings as something to be avoided because it symbolises threat. We either push it out of our heads or try to solve what we see as a problem by ruminating on the reasons for feeling bad. We feel bad about feeling bad because our goal is to be happy and to feel good – society see happiness as a goal. We use thoughts and emotions to resolve the negative thoughts and emotions, and this gets worse because the original thoughts and feelings take on a greater centrality in our mental and emotional landscapes. Whenever, we feel unpleasant feelings, we go into an auto-pilot mode of ruminations and over time, the neuro-connections become so strong that unhappiness becomes the default.
The trick is to be aware of these unpleasant feelings and establish a different relationship with them. First, we need to understand that unpleasant feelings is not one big undifferentiated blob but is made up of 1)feelings, 2) thoughts, 3) bodily sensations and 4) behaviours. They all interact with each other to reinforce unpleasant feelings. For instance, if you feel tiredness in the body (which is not a pleasant feeling), you may feel irritated (feelings), and then start to wonder why you always feel so lousy (negative thoughts) and then stop doing activities that give you pleasure and energy (eg meeting with friends or exercise) and this in turn makes you feel more lethargic.
But the good news is that we can break the cycle at any point in this chain – as long as we are aware.
If we practise mindfulness, we can differentiate the source of the unpleasant feelings with openness, curiousity, compassion and acceptance. We do not need to fix it – fixing things is the goal of a “doing” mode of the mind. When we are able to just observe and let things “be” (the “being” mode) and not constantly try to “fix” the unpleasant feelings or “fix” ourselves, the negative feelings will loose its centrality and may even dissipate. I have experienced this personally myself. The trick is to just observe the feeling or the thought or the bodily sensation.
I like the analogy in the poem The Guest House by Rumi on page 158 of this book:
This human being is a guest house.
Every morning a new arrival
A joy, a depression, a meanness,
Some momentary awareness comes
As an unexpected visitor.
Welcome and entertain them all!
Even if they’re a crowd of sorrows,
Who violently sweep your house
Empty of its furniture,
Still, treat each guest honourably.
He may be clearing you out
For some new delight.
The dark thought, the shame, the malice,
meet them at the door laughing,
and invite them in.
Be grateful for whoever comes,
because each has been sent
as a guide from beyond.
And yes, truly our emotions are guests to be treated honourably because they are important signals to us, to guide us. But they are not a part of us – thoughts and feelings should be seen just as they are – thoughts and feelings. Not the absolute truth. And not us. We are more than thoughts and feelings.
Our minds create a narrative that we often believe to be true. And this narrative can be very powerful if we are not aware of it, as it operates just beneath our consciousness. We become so used to this running commentary “I am no good; There must be something wrong with me; Why do I say that?” that we believe it to be true. We do not even notice it.
The trick is to shine the light of awareness on it. Take a friendly interest in these guests, but do not be seduced by them and be dragged along with them. (Read the book called Taming Your Gremlin by Richard Carson – it has a fantastically effective way of helping you observe your negative thoughts which the book embodies as a gremlin).
If what we want is to experience feeling alive, it means experiencing both our pleasant and unpleasant feeling, thoughts and bodily sensations as they are. Approach them rather than avoid them. Befriend them rather than treat them as enemies to be avoided. Be curious about them and their components and not see them only as one big undifferentiated blob. And be compassionate towards these sensations and towards ourselves.
Pleasant and unpleasant feelings are part and parcels of life. It is natural to have craving for the pleasant and have aversion for the unpleasant (Buddhist insight at its core), and we should not beat ourselves up when we have unpleasant experiences. We can embrace it in its “full catastrophe” (this was a quote from Zorba the Greek and used by Jon Kabat-Zinn for his first book). We can learn to love ourselves more, as this poem by Derek Walcott in the book says:
The time will come
When, with elation,
You will greet yourself arriving
at your own door, in your own mirror,
and each will smile at the other’s welcome
and say, sit here. Eat.
You will love again the stranger who was your self.
Give wine. Give bread. Give back your heart
to itself, to the stranger who has loved you
all your life, whom you have ignored
for another, who knows you by heart.
Take down the love letters from the bookshelf.
The photographers, the desperate notes,
Peel your own image form the mirror.
Sit. Feast on your life.
Doesn’t this poem make you cry beautiful tears?
Loving ourselves more is the core message that Anita Moorjani constantly talks about after her documented case of near-death experience and healing from end-stage cancer.
Happy reading and please share this book with all that you love.
*About the doing-mind: Reading this book gave me a tremendous ah-ha moment. I realise why I am always in a to-do mode as an adult, especially the last few years. According to the the MBTI type indicator, I have a "Perceiving" preference in orientating to my external world. This means I prefer a flexible and spontaneous way of life, and I like to understand and adapt to the world rather than organize it. That I am open to new experiences and information, and open to possibilities. But I live and work in a very structured world, a world of constant to-dos. And I have been trying to adapt, to be the opposite, to be very "Judging" (MBTI type) and to organise my external world in every possible way. I was in fact, trying to strengthen what I think is my weakness. This open and curious mode is really the best approach to mindfulness. And I should remember my innate value and strength.