Night Frost

Inspector Frost #3

by R.D. Wingfield

A serial killer is terrorizing the senior citizens of Denton, and the local police are succumbing to a flu epidemic. Tired and demoralized, the force has to contend with a seemingly perfect young couple suffering arson attacks and death threats, a suspicious suicide, burglaries, pornographic videos, poison-pen letters...

In uncertain charge of the investigations is Detective Inspector Jack Frost, crumpled, slapdash and foul-mouthed as ever. He tries to cope despite inadequate back-up, but there is never enough time; the unsolved crimes pile up and the vicious killings go on. So Frost has to cut corners and take risks, knowing that his Divisional Commander will throw him to the wolves if anything goes wrong. And for Frost, things always go wrong...

Genres: Mystery, Crime, Fiction, Detective, British Literature, Ebooks, Procedural

432 pages, Mass Market Paperback

First published January 1, 1992

About the author

Rodney David Wingfield was a prolific writer of radio crime plays and comedy scripts, some for the late Kenneth Williams, star of the Carry On films. His crime novels featuring DI Jack Frost have been successfully adapted for television as A Touch of Frost starring David Jason. Wingfield was a modest man, shunning the London publicity scene in favour of a quite life in Basildon, Essex, with his wife of 52 years (died 2004) and only son.

Reviews

[Natasha · Rating 5 out of 5]

I believe the Inspector Frost series are one of the most underrated novels belonging to the mystery/crime genre.
Very well-written. The grim weather and heinous crimes are offset by Jack Frost's lewd but hilarious remarks. His way of solving cases keeps you on the edge of your seat.

[Brandon · Rating 3 out of 5]

All hell has broken loose within the Denton Police Department as a flu epidemic rips through the staff. A few dedicated employees, who at this point would much rather be sick, are stuck working double and sometimes triple shifts! As that old cliche goes, "Crime Never Sleeps" and Detective Frost, coupled with his colleques, are stretched to their limits.

Partnered with Gilmore, a recently transferred detective, Frost is charged with the task of solving various crimes involving suicide, porno tapes, poisen pen letters and robberies. Not only that, but he has the always watchful Super Intendant Mullet keeping track of his every move.

At this point, I have no idea how Mullet and Frost can work together. I can only imagine that Mullet is hoping for a screw up on the part of Frost that is so monumental, he can finally fire him. I'm sure the only reason they tolerate each other is due in part to Frost's impeccable skills seeing as he's a massive pain in the ass.

Frost's sidekick of the week, Gilmore, isn't harping as much on Frost like the last one - well, at least not right away anyway. Unfortunately for Gilmore, his attention is focused on his deterorating marriage. Prior to moving to Denton, he had promised his wife a far less hectic work schedule which would in turn open up some personal time together. He did not expect a skeleton staff created by illness or a partner like Frost who lives for his job, rarely spending any time away from the station.

I enjoyed this entry in the Frost series but not as much as the first two. I think the crimes perpetrated in the pervious books were a little more interesting than what was presented here. The writing was up to par but I found myself more or less bored throughout and that knocked a few stars off. I guess that was why it took me over a month to finish it!

[Bill · Rating 4 out of 5]

A most entertaining, fast-paced police mystery. This is the third book in the DCI Jack Frost series that became one of the most well-loved British cop shows. From an eight book series, the creators spun out a TV series that lasted for 42 episodes. In this book, the Denton Police Dept is suffering with manpower shortages due to a flu bug that is running rampant through the station. New DS Gilmore is forced to work with scruffy DCI Jack Frost and finds himself working all hours, affecting his home life as he travels around with Frost trying to solve a multitude of crimes; the Granny Ripper, the Poison Pen letter sender, a young girl's murder. As well, Frost, who is sloppy about paperwork must deal with the Superintendent Mullet, who is concerned only with his image with the higher HQ. It's a non-stop mystery, well-written and entertaining. Highly recommend. This is the second in the series that I've enjoyed. Will be taking up Book 4, Hard Frost, next.

[Vilius · Rating 5 out of 5]

Nevalyvas ir ciniškas inspektorius Frostas patinka man vis labiau. Šįkart pusė nuovados išguldyta gripo, todėl tvyro visiškas chaosas. Frostui ir vėl priskirtas naujokėlis, o viršininkas Maletas kaip visada nepakenčiamas.
Kituose detektyvuose paprastai koncentruojamasi į vieną bylą, kartais dar būna viena ar dvi šalutinės. Šiame vienu metu tiriama gal 10 įvairiausių bylų - nuo anoniminių laiškų ir kapinių vandalų iki siaučiančio žudiko maniako. Ir nors didelės įtampos lyg ir nėra, bet čia visą laiką kažkas vyksta. Tai neleidžia atsitraukt nuo knygos, kol viskas nesusidėlioja į savo vietas.
Veikėjai nesudėtingi, sakyčiau tokie netgi karikatūriški, bet nuo to knyga skaitosi tik dar linksmiau.
Vienintelis priekaištas pačiam knygos leidimui - formatas kišeninis, bet puslapiai baisiai stori, sunkiai verčiasi, ir apskritai labai nepatogiai skaitosi.

[Deb Jones · Rating 5 out of 5]

I've enjoyed the D.I. Jack Frost series numbers 1 and 2, but Night Frost, the third of the series is the best one yet. Frost is at his most irreverent and his most productive in terms of positive outcomes in this book. As always, author Wingfield takes the reader on an edge-of-the-seat experience, wondering how Frost will weather the various setbacks, some of his own creation.

The Denton police force is running on a skeleton crew due to a flu epidemic. Jack Frost is the only D.I. working and the crimes are coming in fast and furious. An adolescent suicide that may not be a suicide, multiple burglaries of senior citizens' homes, poison pen letters, a teenager who has been missing for two months and serial murders of older women are just some of the issues facing Frost and his bare-bones team.

A delight of a police procedural that is character-driven and well-plotted.

September 4, 2021: If it's possible, I enjoyed this book even more the second time around. Wingfield injects humor into these tightly-plotted stories, more so in the early going and a bit less as the tension ramps up. I am not much of a re-reader, but the Frost series will never get old for me.

[Connie Howell · Rating 5 out of 5]

Detective Inspector Jack Frost is a scruffy, irreverent policeman at Denton. He is in charge of investigating serial killings, death threats,pornographic videos and poison pen letters. Half the men a the station are off sick due to a flu epidemic so they are seriously undermanned. Frost takes short cuts and risks that could go horribly wrong. As always after false leads and pressure from divisional command Frost finally solves the cases.
I love the character of Frost,his one liners are witty, irreverent and often foul mouthed but he had previously been awarded the George Cross for bravery.
I loved the book and I loved the series and it was hard to read the book without seeing in my mind David Jason in his scruffy suit and coat in the television series A Touch of Frost.

[Jenny · Rating 3 out of 5]

Frost is wonderfully crude. My only complaint is the author's derogatory characterizations of women. All of the female characters are shrews, tramps, hussies, drunks, bimbos, etc. I think this takes away from an otherwise enjoyable read.

[Di'ana (Knygų drakonas) · Rating 4 out of 5]

Kas mėnesinis susitikimas su Frostu. Šis veikėjas ir žavi, bet kartu ir primena kas žmoguje nepatinka. Prie visų jo "tobulybių" prisidėjo dar viena - kuro kvitų klastojimas, nes jis tiesiog neturi laiko paprastiems dalykams. "Tvarka? Ne, negirdėjau". Tačiau kaip ir paprastai Frostas gauna begalę nusikaltimų, kraupių ir netokių. Turi savo nuojautas bei gauna dar vieną eilinį naujokėlį, kuris šiurpsta nuo kolegos, bet vis tiek įsivelia į visokias avantiūras. Šį kartą viską paskanina gripas ir darbuotojų "minusas", keliems tenka atlaikyti visus nusikaltimus. Kaip gi ir be Maleto, kuris visgi mažiau mėgiamas nei Frostas. Frostiškai Frostas.

[June Ahern · Rating 5 out of 5]

This isn't my first read of Detective Frost, "Night Frost", the first of the four book series. Never-the-less, I enjoyed it as though I'd never read it before. The scruffy, no, make that dirty little police detective from a smallish town in England smokes like a fiend, eats greasy food bought from horrible little truck outlets, and it always bloody cold! Can't a murder take place on a nice warm night? Ha! Not with Frost. I absolutely enjoy R. D. Wingfield's character Jack Frost and his ability to appear stupid while being canny about crimes. All the odds are against him and he helps the odds stack up with his not so nice sexual remarks, disrespect for his superiors, and all of the above. Still he gets the bad guy - in such a round about way. Frost has some redeeming values besides getting the criminal, he doesn't need the praise, he shares the wins and he really cares for the victims, and at times, the criminal's misgivings.

The book opens with an overworked, limited and exhausted police staff (due to a most terrible flu epidemic) working a rash of crimes - theft, murders of young and old, pub fights, fires, threats to citizens, and vandalism of the towns' graveyard - all hitting at the same time. The station's superior, Mullet, is more concerned how HE looks to his superiors than helping Frost and the other cops solve the crimes. He's a pain in the ......

Again, I am a huge fan of Mr. Wingfield, who passed away before writing any more Frost mysteries and when I meet him in the other world, I'd like to catch up with what the next one would have been.

When you read this book, expect to be cold, tired, hungry and have a good laugh at times with Jack Frost over the irony of crime solving.

[Lorraine Montgomery · Rating 4 out of 5]

night Frost by RD Wingfield is a fast read; I finished it in about a day and a half. I picked it up for 2 reasons: 1) I really enjoyed the TV series A Touch of Frost, and 2) it's a murder mystery, which is pretty much my favourite literary genre. I must say, though, I found the cover rather peaked my curiosity: lonely and foreboding, with a touch of implied tragedy.

I was a bit taken aback at the beginning of the book. I didn't remember the TV character being quite so bawdy or that Frost called women and young girls "cows" with such frequency. Perhaps it was just the lightened onscreen demeanour of David Jason in the series that doesn't come across in the written word. In any case, as much as I wasn't fond of that, the various plot lines -- murders, disappearances, poison pen letters, flu epidemic, and the new detective sergeant, DS Gilmore, and his whining wife -- kept me turning those pages. Frost's slovenly appearance (reminiscent of Columbo but with sarcasm and suggestive remarks), lack of organizational skills, hunches that are taken as absolutes (proof or no proof), and lack of respect for his commander, Superintendent Mullet, quickly earn Frost the disdain of DS Gilmore, paired with him because DI Allen is out with the flu. Gilmore is definitely not a team player but is rather out to make brownie points to help himself up the promotion ladder and resents anyone who gets in his way or steals his thunder. He definitely doesn't want to be associated with any of Frost's fiddlin' with evidence or forging of petrol receipts. Frost's dedication, though, and intuition in the field, is often forceful and brave, with just a touch of humour: "This is a murder enquiry as of now. I want a team knocking on doors, I want Forensic, I want someone by the old girl's bedside night and day in case she can give us a description. If I've forgotten anything, I want that as well."

While Mullet is always prattling on about teamwork, his rush to take credit with his superior for successes, and to distance himself from failures (for which he invariably blames Frost), make him a laughing stock throughout the station. Frost's hunches always seem right to him; however, once he begins to act on them, he is riddled with uncertainty, but then more often than not, they are proven correct. While he is stumbling around watching forensic evidence vanish and suspects slip his grasp, you keep trying to collect all the clues and the little tidbits previously thrown aside together in your own mind to figure out if this time will be the one where Frost might be right after all.

There are some pretty gruesome images and perversions in this novel (although not as bad as some I've read elsewhere; PD James comes to mind), but it's rather balanced by the softer side of Frost that we see when he sits with a dying mother and lets her go thinking her son is all right, and when he avoids telling a heart-broken mother the real reason her daughter committed suicide. The work is fast-paced and riveting, and, just when you think Frost will be canned this time, it all comes together to make him a hero.

[Eric_W · Rating 5 out of 5]

I love this series of police procedurals that will be familiar to those who have seen the TV series of the same name. In this one, Detective Inspector Jack Frost —great name, what? — is scrambling to deal with a new Detective Sergeant Gilmore, anxious to move up in the ranks, stiff, obsequious toward Mullett, the divisional superintendent. Gilmore’s wife is unhappy with the move to Denton, where she fears she will have nothing to do. Frost is uncouth, sloppy, on the surface unprofessional, and always trying to avoid paperwork and his nemesis, the superintendent. The Denton CID has been particularly hard hit by a flu epidemic at just the worst time, with someone killing old ladies just for the fun of it. Then a young girl has disappeared only to have her body surface in a cemetery crypt beset by vandals, and to make things worse, someone has been sending poison pen letters to people in town threatening to reveal some very dark secrets, indeed. Things are so busy with everyone working double and triple shifts that Frost is cutting more corners than usual relying more than he should on his intuition. In the meantime, Mullett continues to look for any excuse to fire Frost. Some of the scenes and repartee are wonderful. Frost backs up a police constable who had arrested a Councilor, who also happens to be on the Police Committee, for being “pissed as a newt.” In the process, of course, Frost had been more than a little rude to the man, and Mullett, anxious not to antagonize the powers-that-be, orders Frost to apologize. “ ‘Very good, Super,’ replied Frost, with an expression of such sweet reasonableness that Mullett was instantly uneasy.” Frost, “looking very contrite,” enters the room where the Knowles, the councilor, awaits. “ ‘I’d like to apologize,’ said Frost, ‘for calling you a big, fat, ugly bastard.’ “Knowles frowned and looked puzzled. ‘I didn’t hear you say that.’ “ ‘Oh, sorry,’ said Frost innocently, sounding genuinely apologetic.’ ‘It must have been what I was thinking. ‘ “

[Maria · Rating 3 out of 5]

This continues to be a nice enough experience for me - even if some parts are so bloody dated and sickly sexist I want to puke on them. That's the main reason why it's impossible to rate this any higher than 3 stars.

The casual way Frost calls women "bitch" or "cow" (even the victims, ffs!) is frankly appalling and totally undermines the forgiving aspects of the character. I'm so glad they removed that habit (and the smoking) from the TV show, which continues to be much (MUCH!) better.

In this particular book I was not pleased with how the case with the video tapes was "solved", because the asshole responsible should have had every punishment available, including a round with the dog.
Even if I in theory can sympathise with the idea that it's better for the mothers to not know anything about the tapes it lead to the culprit getting a milder sentence and that just felt so bloody flippant it gave me a stomach ache.
If something like that had happened in a modern storyline there would have been an outcry - and rightfully so. I'm thankful times have moved on, because jeezuz... That was handled worse than badly.

I'm very curious to see if the attitude towards women changes in the two last books, published in 1999 and 2008.
Yes, I'm planning to listen to them all. Then I might just re-watch the entire TV show.

[Keith · Rating 5 out of 5]

How's that for centre!
With so much going on, there's never a dull moment in Night Frost.
A superb crime novel with plenty of morbid humour & enough red herrings to keep it interesting until the very last page.

[Kain · Rating 5 out of 5]

As usual Frost Is hilarious, dirty and under appreciated. brilliant cases, lots of middle fingers to the insufferable boss and some good old fashioned tension! I will admit I'm disappointed in the side character in this one, Gilmore in the show got along well with Frost which worked but the whole book he looked down his nose at Frost and everyone else constantly! Hope the next character he has to work with is less of a jerk. Though it was nice to see him constantly disappointed by Frosts wins.b

[James · Rating 3 out of 5]

In 430 pages, Frost smokes approximately 400 cigarettes. Was Wingfield sponsored by Benson & Hedges?

[Colleen · Rating 4 out of 5]

I started reading this series in 1997 courtesy of Dad's extensive bookshelves. In the beginning I think the overworked Frost with his terrible boss and overflowing paperwork helped me feel better about the evil boss and hellish work situation I had at the time. Wierd how sometimes reading about someone who has it worse makes you feel better, but it did.
Then I got hooked by the series and read them all. The TV series with David Jason is great too. A British detective who is past burned out and talented at solving gritty mysteries, but not so talented at kissing administrative ass. The kid of cop other cops look up to who will never get promoted.

[Liz · Rating 4 out of 5]

I really like DI Jack Frost. The crimes are very disturbing and graphic, but it is interesting watching him solve them. He is really offensive but, as he says, that is how he copes with all the awful things he sees. I also like how he takes care of the PCs under him when they are in trouble with the Superintendent -- Frost always takes the blame for them. I definitely want to read the other three books. I also really enjoyed the "Touch of Frost" TV series.

[Brian Kirk · Rating 5 out of 5]

Another classic Jack Frost novel. I am a fan of both the books and the tv series and this book didn't disappoint. Many of the stories of the tv show were taken loosely from the books and both of these main stories were familiar to me, of course the books go into more detail and have a lot more of a bluer vibe. Mentions of child pornography and rape play a role in the book.

[Ammar · Rating 4 out of 5]

The books are improving

[Catherine Ryan · Rating 4 out of 5]

Another really excellent "Frost" novel, with Frank Gilmore as Frost's rather reluctant assistant. Just as enjoyable as the previous "Frost" novels, even if it deals with adult themes

[Larisa Scates · Rating 5 out of 5]

LOVE Jack Frost! I can hardly put the books down.

[Dan Hiner · Rating 2 out of 5]

i think I should have quit after two Frost books. This one bored me and each book has the same premise.

[Sue · Rating 2 out of 5]

I guess this book is of its time, but for me, Frost’s chain smoking, crude language and slapdash detective work wore thin pretty quickly.

[Brian · Rating 5 out of 5]

Night Frost is the third book in the original Jack Frost series by R.D. Wingfield.

The senior citizens of Denton are being terrorised by a serial killer. And if Denton police haven’t enough with that there is also a spate of poison pen letters, burglaries, arson attacks and pornographic videos to contend with. They are also hampered by a flu epidemic that has dilapidated their numbers. Into all this comes newly promoted Detective Sergeant Gilmore and he is assigned to Jack Frost of who his first impressions aren’t too promising.

‘He unbuttoned his mac to expose a crumpled blue suit with two buttons missing. The red tie beneath the frayed shirt collar had a tight, greasy knot and looked as if it had been put on by being pulled over his neck like a noose. He turned to Gilmore and held out a nicotine-stained hand. ‘I’m Detective Inspector Jack Frost.’’

Jack Frost is someone that you wouldn’t class as Politically Correct, in fact he probably wouldn’t even know what that means. He is slapdash, doesn’t follow protocol, cuts corners and takes risks, ‘‘When you’ve made as many balls-ups as I have, son, you don’t hesitate to help fellow sufferers,’ - and he constantly uses foul language peppered with offensive off colour jokes.

‘‘I see so many rotten things, son. If I dwelt on them, I’d probably go and chuck myself under a bus, which might make Mullett happy, but wouldn’t do the victim any good . . . so I joke. It makes the job a bit more tolerable . . . sorry if it upsets you, though.”

He also has a George Cross (the civil equivalent of the Victoria Cross) which he keeps under a heap of other stuff , like old ‘fag’ packets in his desk drawer. It’s this that gives him enough respect to navigate his short comings.

Night Frost, like the previous two books in this series is littered with course humour it’s dark, gritty and graphic. A video tape Frost uncovers is particularly gross as is the description of a corpse of an old man.

‘The body was of an old man in his late seventies. There were no eyes and parts of the face were eaten away with bloodied chunks torn from the cheeks and the lips. ‘The rats have had a go at him,’ said Jordan. ‘I didn’t think they were love bites,’ said Frost.’

The threads of the story weave in an out of each other as Frost and the Denton police force try to maintain some sort of grip on events. It is fast paced and gripping with a tense ending. And it is populated with believable and well drawn characters. Loath him or love him Jack Frost is a unique detective and Night Frost like its two predecessors is an highly entertaining detective story.

[A.J. Blanc · Rating 4 out of 5]

Frost number 3 is possibly the best written of the series so far, with a couple very minor exceptions. The criminal element in city of Denton really has it in for Frost this time around, but he weathers the storm in his usual flippant manner. In this one we have a serial killer of the elderly, string of robberies, missing child, underage girl/bestialities pornography ring, poison pen letters, and possibly more that I'm forgetting all while the PD is understaffed due to the flu and breaking in a new detective sergeant. That is a lot... quite possibly too much. I personally didn't mind the quantity of cases Frost has to deal with, I just felt the book went on a bit too long compared to the first two.

The pacing of the last hundred pages or so seemed to vacillate between tense and dragging, and probably could've been cut almost in half without losing anything from the overall plot, but perhaps that's just me. I also felt the line of inquiry that would lead them to their killer was a bit too obvious to not have been brought up until 3/4 the way through the book. My main complaint however is there are far too many D references. I've been in the military and law enforcement; I know the cultures and what I'm getting into with this series, so I'm not some prude complaining about crude humor. There were just so many D jokes it struck me as really strange and out of place. A few of them, fine, but not nearly every chapter.

Strangely enough, my criticisms from the previous book were largely gone here (Gilmore was far more tolerable), which I was thankful for, and those mentioned above are admittedly even more nitpicky, but if you liked the other books and/or show you'll probably enjoy Night Frost as well.

[Jeff Hare · Rating 5 out of 5]

Jack Frost and (newly assigned) Sergeant Gilmore have a busy week; a missing school girl. a poison pen writer causing distress and suicide and, oh yes, the Granny Ripper; a serial killer murdering the octogenarians of Denton with aplomb.

I had only ever been aware of Jack Frost from the TV series with David Jason which, whilst I enjoyed, I never thought was as good as a Morse. I am delighted to say the novels themselves are an absolute treat and certainly on a par with Colin Dexter's works; albeit it significantly different styles.

The third book in the series sees Jack yet again assigned a new sergeant as yet again Inspector Allen is not available. Its an odd formula which has now been repeated in all three of the first Jack Frost books thus far, but doesnt distract from a really good read.

The pace is swift (particularly at the start) and whilst the ending is a little bit of a muddle, it still resolves the Granny Ripper case satisfactorily. As with previous Frost novels, the other side cases are wrapped up neatly by the time the main plot is resolved.

Only issue I had with the novel this time is Gilmore (the new sergeant) is not even a remotely likeable character and, unlike the two previous sergeants, does not acknowledge any respect for Frost at the close of the novel. In fairness, I cant complain earlier that the author follows the same formula and then give off when he doesnt regards this aspect, but it did seem a bit strange.

That said a great read and my favourite of the first three Frost novels i've read thus far.

[Helen · Rating 5 out of 5]

I absolutely love the contrast between sloppy, foul-mouthed, cigarette-smoking Inspector Frost and the fastidious, newly-transferred Detective Gilmore. In real life, I’d steer clear of Frost. As a fictional character, I enjoy him. There were a few times when the vulgarity went too far and I felt uncomfortable with the language, so that is something sensitive readers might want to consider.

…The sky was black and heavy with rain and the graveyard looked as lonely and as miserable as a graveyard should look at half-past ten on a cold, wet night. They were in the old Victorian section among the weather-eroded angels who wept granite tears over the graves of long-dead children, and where overgrown grass straggled over the crumbling headstones and collapsed graves of their long-dead grief-stricken parents…

‘We shouldn’t be doing this,’ protested Gilmore from the back seat. ‘You’re forgetting – Mr Mullett says we should drop this case and concentrate on the stabbings.’
‘Mr Mullett says lots of stupid things, son. The kindest thing to do is ignore him.’

[Sharon · Rating 5 out of 5]

The Denton Police force are severely short staffed due to a flu outbreak. A serial killer is killing senior citizens, a fifteen year old girl has been missing for nearly two months. Poison pen letters have been sent to people in the Denton community. DI Frost is up to ears in paperwork, which he keeps burying at the bottom of his in tray. Tired, frustrated and constantly at odds with his Superior Officer, DI Frost can’t catch a break. Frost tries to cope, but the unsolved crimes continue to pile up.
Frost often cuts corners, but gets the result he wants and solves the crimes. Frost is crude and he follows his intuition, sometimes to his own detriment. I found my self laughing out loud in many parts of the book.

[Renée Mee · Rating 3 out of 5]

Entertaining and often funny read about the Denton police department. The writer does not glamorise police work. The understaffing,the often pompous people who run the departments bring to life how difficult a policeman’s life can be. Front reminds me of the States t.v. Show character Columbo with his cigars,grubby trench coat and always under estimated by everyone but he solves it in the end. He does not need the credit just wants justice done. Loyal to his men and very irreverent to authority.

[Hans Kukreja · Rating 5 out of 5]

Faster paced, but with even more pressure on Frost with almost the entire station sick with the flu (except Horn-rimmed Harry), an ambitious young sergeant longing to return to his wife and get promoted, a huge amount of paper work, robberies, the granny ripper, a dead schoolgirl, two blackmailers, a pub riot, illicit goods incl. some of a extreme pornographic nature.

Frost's sexism is less present as he is exposed more than ever to the depravities of society, the corruption and arrogance of his commanding officer. More than ever, it seems he wishes he was dead like his wife.

Once again, grittier than the TV series, but easy to follow as you explore the avenues with Frost.