When Smith Long strides into his new hometown, he doesn't expect to get bowled over by a woman chasing her cow whom she claims has fallen in love with a pig. Doesn't every small town have that one crazy person?
He's not laughing later, though, when his aunt informs him that in order for him to receive the old, rundown property she'd promised him, he has to marry the crazy woman he'd hoped to never see again.
Abrielle Adams is squatting on Sweet Briar Ranch and hoping that she'll get back on her feet before the heir shows up. Wishful thinking since she finds out that the man who'd kept her from catching her cow is the very person she was trying to avoid.
But now Abrielle has been offered the one thing she could really use - half ownership of the Sweet Briar Ranch - and all she has to do is marry a (grumpy, sour, and okay, handsome) stranger.
To both Abrielle and Smith, marriage is more than convenience and a vow is a lifetime commitment. Will they see how much they have in common and decide they need each other?
After leaving the hustle and bustle of corporate life, Abrielle needs a fresh start. She finds it as a produce farmer on a run down ranch, which the owner lets her stay in for free as long as she fixes up the place.
Smith is recently out of the Air Force and a brutal breakup that left him emotionally and financially devastated. His best bet is to take up his aunt on her offer of a free ranch house and try to start over.
But Miss April, the ranch owner, doesn't want to kick Abrielle out. She doesn't want to renege on her promise to Smith, either. So she decides that both of them can stay on the property - as long as they agree to get married.
THE ROMANCE
The initial tension between Abrielle and Smith is realistic and relatable. They just rub each other the wrong way from the jump, largely because of Smith's attitude towards women and Abrielle's singleminded focus on her ranching life. Some of the bickering is a bit much, but it definitely gets across the bad first impressions they get of each other!
Smith's ulterior motive for being such a jerk also makes sense, and makes it much less painful to see him come around and win Abrielle's heart. I really enjoyed the way their relationship develops as a partnership of mutual interest rather than a swoon-fest. I also appreciated the way the story gave Smith a true choice at the end.
FAITH ELEMENTS
The Christian themes are incredibly strong throughout the book, though neither character goes on a journey of faith - they're both Christians from the start, and nothing much changes about their beliefs, though they do learn to live them out a bit better. Characters attend a church service and pray, but we don't actually hear any of the sermon or the specifics of the prayers.
I found the theology of this book rather legalistic. I suppose it sort of has to, because Miss April's issue with an unmarried man and woman living on the same property is what sets the entire "marriage of convenience" thing off. But it wasn't my favorite tone or perspective I've encountered in a Christian romance.
There are multiple asides about following rules and doing things the "right" way according to a particular Biblical interpretation. There are also numerous mentions of traditional gender roles, and stereotypical attitudes about gender permeate the characters' motives (though some of them are challenged by the narrative).
The particular way that Christian beliefs influenced the story wasn't my favorite, and I didn't find it as inspirational as other Christian romances I've read.
MY THOUGHTS
I liked the execution of the "irritated-with-each-other to lovers" trope, and the side characters are excellent. The running thread of the fluffy steer always chasing around the pig is wonderful, and all the scenes with the town residents are great.
Both characters had negative beliefs about the opposite gender, and while part of their journeys involved overcoming those beliefs, it was a bit grating to read the POV of a man who thinks certain things about women.
This may be a slight nitpick, but it also confused me that the book is titled "...A Cowboy's..." but Smith isn't a cowboy at all! He only recently moved to Sweet Water and the initial conflict is all about how he's not really used to small town life. It's Abrielle who has been running a ranch, building structures, growing produce, selling it at the farmer's market, etc.!
Ultimately, this is a well done depiction of two people who wear their disillusionment on their sleeves after being burned and must learn to compromise and trust. The development of the relationship is lovely and doesn't lean on 'sparks' but rather genuine connection. However, the narrative's take on gender and Christian legalism made parts of it less than inspiring, to me personally.
The first book in this new spin off series Flyboys of Sweet Briar Ranch takes place in Sweet Water , North Dakota. Some of the characters are from the past series like Miss Charlene of the Piece Makers quilting group. There are a lot of new characters who had been buddies together in the Air Force and came to Sweet Water to buy a ranch.
Smith Long didn't help buy the ranch with his military buddies. He had come to Sweet Water to visit his aunt and take up her offer for him to take over her ranch. He had some bad experiences with an ex wife, who divorced him and another woman who had robbed him of all his money in an investment scheme. He had very little in writing to protect his investment so he had no job and no money. He really needed his aunt to let him live on her ranch.
Abrielle Adams came to town about two years ago with nothing after she lost her job and her fiance dumped her. She has been living at Sweet Briar Ranch after agreeing to pay the utilities and the taxes as her rent. She has been growing vegetable to sell at the farmer's market and just making ends meet.
Abrielle and Smith meet as she is chasing after a cow that is running after a pig. Due to Smith's bad experiences with women, he doesn't treat her so well. That disastrous first meeting doesn't give Abrielle a good feeling about Smith. It seems like every time she meets him, he is rude and obnoxious. Now they both discover that in order for them to live on the ranch- they must decide to get married after getting to know one another for a week. If they refuse, Smith's aunt has an offer for the ranch and she will sell it leaving both Smith and Abrielle with no where to live.
Will Smith figure out how to let Abrielle see he was acting out of character when he first met her? Will the two of them agree to a marriage of convenience?
I'm looking forward to more stories in this new series.
I received a copy of this book from the author and this is my honest unbiased review.
Abrielle and Smith seem like opposites at first, but they do in fact have a lot in common. Both have good reason to push the idea of getting married far, far away. Their exes left them both with guarded hearts and a vow to stay away from the opposite sex and live life independently. Abrielle left life in the city to return to her small home town of Sweet Water a couple of years ago. She has a growing fresh produce business on a small farm that she rents for the cost of utilities, upkeep and repairs. After disastrous relationships and losing everything, Smith has come to Sweet Water to take possession of the farm his aunt offered to him. Neither know of each other’s existence or that their future is tied to the same farm.
His aunt suggests a marriage of convenience so they can share the farm or she will sell it to someone else. She gives them one week to decide. Both are stunned, though Smith had advance notice and did his best to dissuade her from marriage before he found out that if they didn’t marry, he would lose the farm too. He has to scramble to make up for his poor first impressions on Abrielle and she has her own apology to make. Both ask for divine guidance and are surprised to discover the guidance leads to each other. Over the course of the week, the advice of some of the townspeople and friends, as well as their observances of each other show them both the path they are meant to take. Their story is one of self-discovery, letting go of the past, and putting their faith in God and each other. It is heartwarming and inspiring with some very funny and touching moments.
I received an ARC of this book and I am voluntarily leaving an honest review.
An unusual marriage of convenience arrangement suggested to Smith Long, ex-military and previously swindled by his first wife, and Abrielle, current resident on the ranch owned by Smith’s Aunt April and Uncle Edgar that he’s set to take over until Aunt April tells him the stipulations that go along with the ownership. Yes, the stipulation is he and Abrielle must marry or Aunt April will sell the ranch to someone else. To make things even more complicated, Smith’s first and second meeting with Abrielle did not go well at all. These two enemies have one week to come to terms of marrying or finding somewhere else to live and work. No one can spin a tale like this and make it believable, attention keeping, witty at times, and provide good Godly wisdom any better than Jessie Gussman. A marriage of convenience of this sort would be so out of the norm in today’s world but by the time our author finished with the story it made me at least wish these principles were held to and more couples understood the difference between genuine respectful love and lustful love. The book is loaded with interesting characters including a cow in love with a pig and I’m hoping some of these make appearances in the following books of this series since this is book one in the Flyboys of Sweet Briar Ranch series. Favorite quote: “You can choose how you want to act. How you respond. Whether you allow the events of your life to make you bitter or better.” I purchased this book as part of the eight book set titled Flyboys of Sweet Briar Ranch. I read for the enjoyment and voluntarily review so that others may know what to expect and authors may be helped by critique and encouragement.
Smith's history has led him to decide all women are deceitful and should never be trusted, so when he turns up to claim the farm his aunt offered him and finds that she already has a young woman living there, he does his best to horrify the woman. Then his aunt declares that they both have a claim on the farm and so neither can have it unless they marry... Abrielle needs the farm to help her get back on her feet - but is it worth it if it requires her to marry the rude, intrusive stranger who barged into her life one evening? Can the pair look past first impressions and their own histories to see the possibilities such a marriage offers?
The author respects marriage and (generally) treats it as the lifelong covenant the Bible teaches (we'll ignore characters' past divorces), but she then throws her characters into some most unusual situations to really demonstrate how that could work in real life if people were brave enough (and trusted God enough). But while the situations are often unusual, the characters feel like real people with real problems, and at times provide inspiring examples - Smith's first night at the farm not being one of them! :-) I found this book thought-provoking as well as entertaining, and look forward to future books in the series. Recommended.
Note that I received a complimentary copy of the book from the author. I was not required to write a positive review and this is my considered opinion of the book.
3.5 stars I listened to the audio version of this book on YouTube. It is awesome to be able to listen for free. And Jay does a good job with the narration. I really hadn't planned to listen to much of it today but got sucked in by the meet-cute. Or maybe we could call it the meet-angry. Seriously my first impression of both of them wasn't great. And the author didn't intended to be. He was a downright jerk and she was feisty right back at him and then I was annoyed on their third meeting that she didn't stand up for herself more. He was being such a jerk. She let him get away with it. I wanted her to call him on it. But that situation resolves by the next day. Actually, everything moves quickly in this one. They only spend a week together over the course of the book so it all moves fast.
If you love Christian lit, this might be a good book for you since it is heavy with Christian themes. It was a little too much for my personal tastes but the next person will probably love it. The book has loads of marital advice. So much so, and because the reader is privy to all the character's thoughts as they sort through everything, the book is almost a lecture in story form. "How to have a God based marriage".
The characters were good but other than deciding to go through with the marriage, not a lot happened. Just the daily stuff that happens which helped the couple get to know each other.
This was the first time reading anything by Gussman and I was pleasantly surprised.
There were a couple things that bugged me like inconsistent morals.
I also found a couple of the situations and conversations to be somewhat awkward and slightly uncomfortable.
However, on the whole I was actually very impressed with some of the depthy conversations that took place throughout the story. I felt like the characters were discussing and thinking through real issues that ought to be discussed before jumping into a marriage.
I was really annoyed with Smith for the first bit, but he started to prove himself a man later and I was glad he stopped being petty. I liked Abrielle almost all the way through. She was kind of delightful.
The side characters were all quite delightful and fun too. I enjoyed the range of ages too, from kids to elderly, they were all written well.
All of the nuggets of truth and faith content gave me lots to think about throughout the story as well.
Overall, I really enjoyed the story, despite a few things that annoyed me here and there. Definitely going to read more by her.
Smith has been treated badly by two women, an ex-wife and another woman who took all his money in an investment scheme. This has made him come to the conclusion that all women are deceitful. His aunt lives in Sweet Water and has offered to let him take over her ranch. Abrielle came to town 2 years ago and his aunt let her live at the ranch in exchange for her paying the taxes and utilities for rent. She had lost her job after she was dumped by her fiance. So, obviously, she doesn't have a good feeling about men. Their meeting is funny and they are like oil and water. She considers him rude and he isn't happy when her cow almost runs into him. The cow apparently thinks it is in love with a pig. His aunt decides she doesn't want two unmarried people living under the same roof, so she gives them a week to get to know each other and then they either have to marry to stay there or she will sell the ranch to someone else. They both seek divine guidance, which seems to be leading them to each other. He helps her at the Farmer's Market and they both work on things around the ranch. Along the way, they both learn to put their faith in God and each other, let go of the past, and both discover themselves. The story is inspirational, heartwarming and has quite a few funny and touching moments. I listened to the audio version and Jay Dyess does an excellent job with all the characters.
Jessie Gussman is a master at combining humor with great Christian principles. It creates a very enjoyable reading experience.
Smith Long is afraid to ever trust another woman after being swindled, deceived, and betrayed by both his ex-wife and female business partner. Upon arriving in North Dakota to begin a fresh start on his great-aunt’s ranch, he has an altercation with Abrielle as she chases a cow down the street. She considers Smith the worst jerk in the world, and Smith feels the same about Abrielle. When he talks to his aunt about the family ranch she has promised to him, he learns that he must share the ranch with a woman who has been living there and raising a truck garden. But there is a condition to sharing the ranch – they must marry in one week – and the woman is Abrielle! Can Smith and Abrielle learn to know and respect each other in order to enter into a marriage of convenience, or do God and Smith’s aunt have a different plan?
Both Smith and Abrielle display godly character and desire to live by His principles. This book is faith-filled, with good biblical principles.
I received a free copy of this book from the author. My review is voluntary and unbiased.
Just a Cowboy's Convenient Marriage is a matchmaking scheme of Miss April. When she calls her nephew Smith to come to North Dakota to take over the family farm he jumped at the idea. His previous girlfriend had taken the money he invested in the company they were running and most of it was backed up by just a verbal agreement. Now she was changing things, including getting rid of Smith, he has lost all his money.
When Smith arrives and finds out that Aunt April has allowed a young lady named Abrielle to live on the farm for two years he is wondering what is going to happen to her. Fear not Aunt April has the perfect plan. She tells them to stay in the house in separate rooms for one week and if they agree to marry they can have the farm. It would be a marriage of convenience but both of them would be able to do with the farm what they wanted. He talked about having livestock and she had her big garden and lettuce house. At the end of the week they can have their wedding or she will accept the offer to sell the farm out from under both of them. Seems like a simple deal, or is it?
I received an advanced copy for my review. I give this book 5🌟🌟🌟🌟🌟.
I'm liking what I see in this new series, some of the old friends and a whole bunch of new characters. I think there will be some veterans in this series. Smith has had a streak of bad relationships and downright betrayal and he thinks it is his right to be surly and grumpy and even a little mean - he's always sworn off the female half of the human race. Abrielle was in the corporate world and when she got downsized, she returned to Sweet Water and is staying at Aunt Alice's ranch, paying electricity and taxes and doing minor repairs and making a living at the farmer's market. She's perfectly happy single. Well the ranch she's staying on has also been promised to another and the only way either can continue living there is to get married. They have a week to decide if they can handle it. They both get a hard reality check and both have to decide to make basic changes, and there is great relationship advice given along the way. Smith has to rediscover his happy, helping self if there is any chance to make this work and Abrielle has to realize the added value of not doing everything herself and happily allowing Smith to help. Christian themes.
When Smith Long strides into his new hometown, he doesn't expect to get bowled over by a woman chasing her cow whom she claims has fallen in love with a pig. Doesn't every small town have that one crazy person?
He's not laughing later, though, when his aunt informs him that in order for him to receive the old, rundown property she'd promised him, he has to marry the crazy woman he'd hoped to never see again.
Abrielle Adams is squatting on Sweet Briar Ranch and hoping that she'll get back on her feet before the heir shows up. Wishful thinking since she finds out that the man who'd kept her from catching her cow is the very person she was trying to avoid.
But now Abrielle has been offered the one thing she could really use - half ownership of the Sweet Briar Ranch - and all she has to do is marry a (grumpy, sour, and okay, handsome) stranger.
To both Abrielle and Smith, marriage is more than convenience and a vow is a lifetime commitment. Will they see how much they have in common and decide they need each other?
"Standing on the Promises of God! This is a good reminder of what we are supposed to do."
Small towns - they always have quirky things roaming freely on the streets, like a cow freely running down the road while almost running someone else over.
The steer has some kind of unrequited love for a pig and the pig has some kind of odd antagonism toward this over-sized horned cow.
I liked this story - pretty much the typical convenient marriage situation. If Abrielle and Smith's relationship was going to work, they are going to have to compromise, but they could also have very distinct and separate areas for themselves. She felt that was key. There was going to be his stuff and there was going to be her stuff. And then, if he wanted to walk through the house with his boots on, she wouldn't care. Because he would be responsible for cleaning up the messes he made. At least now it sounded good in her head.
Check out Flyboys of Sweet Briar Ranch in North Dakota (13 book series) Kindle Edition. Enjoy and happy reading!
Smith and Abrielle have a very rough start and make very bad first impressions on each other. Smith had been hurt very badly and had to learn to let it all go and let God have it. Their decisions to marry to keep a farm is very unconventional but they trust God with the details. Remember to let God lead in every decision of your life and you will have no regrets.
One down side for me with the story was one scene when Smith barges into the farmhouse Abrielle is squatting at. He takes over her bedroom and she barges in on him changing clothes. It mentions he is undressed to his underwear and yet she still stands there and has a conversation with him. A Christian lady would have immediately left the room and a Christian man would seek to cover up. This scene bothered me because God tells us to keep our bodies covered.
I received an advanced reader copy for my personal and voluntary opinions which I have given.
Will he choose her? Reading a book by this author always bring a bit of sunshine into my heart. This tale has Abrielle living let’s say someplace she and Smith have a interest in. Smith is in Sweet Water because that is where his aunt lives and she has promised that she would sell him a old farm. I adored how these two met. I am sure when you read it you will find the humor in it. Smith will have some unexpected new that kind of set him on to a different path then he expected and it looks like Abrielle just may come along for the ride. Loved the story it showcases both characters well showing the challenges they had faced and made them feel very realistic. Excellent writing by a talent writer hope you don’t miss your chance at reading this gem. I did receive a free copy of this book and voluntarily chose to review it.
Enjoyed Abrielle and Smith's story. Smith had been swindled and had no money, so his aunt offer her farm to him. Deciding he had no other option he came to take over the farm. Aunt June had already giving permission to Abrielle to stay at the farm for free as long as she keep the taxes paid and fix things that needed fixing. Now, they had one week to figure out what to do, or they both would be homeless. I laughed and gasped when these two first met. I believe Aunt June is a sneaky matchmaker. Lol If you like clean stories with life lessons thrown in, you will not be disappointed. I highly recommend "Just A Cowboy's Convenient Marriage". I received this book from the publisher. The thoughts and comments are my own.
Wow! This is going to be such a good series. The belly laughs were non-stop all the way through the book. Smith has lost everything. When his ex-wife decided to leave, she took everything, including the money he had invested in their business. His Aunt has promised him the family farm with stipulations. Abrielle has been living on an abandoned farm with the agreement of the owner to pay utilities and taxes and fix it up as needed. These two have a bad experience when they first meet. Imagine their surprise when the Aunt says they must marry in order to inherit the farm. Both have had bad past relationships. Will these two put aside their issues and learn to trust each other enough to say “I do”?
Will Abrielle and Smith Choose To Marry, Even Without Being In 💗?
Jessie Gussman has set another 📗 in Sweet Water, ND, "Just a Cowboy's Convenient Marriage". You see some carryover characters, from her earlier 📚.
Is Smith the Christian Man of Integrity and Character, God wants Abrielle to Marry? Smith promised himself he'd never Marry again, will God use Abrielle to help him change his mind? Even though they've just met. Now Smith and Abrielle have a week to get to know each other, before deciding to Marry or not. What lessons will God open their eyes to see, in that time?
I Highly Recommend You 📖 this Fantastic, Engrossing, Faith Challenging, and sometimes Funny, Western Christian Romance, to find the answers! I can't wait for JG's next 📗 in this Series. ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Will Smith has come to Sweet Briar to get a fresh start at the ranch his Aunt has promised him. As he is standing on the sidewalk he is almost ran over by a pig then a Highland steer almost gets him, but the woman chasing after the pair definitely runs into him. That is not the start he wanted. Then after talking to his aunt, he realizes that if he wants the ranch he needs to marry the woman who has been sort of squatting on it for the last couple of years. Neither wants to lose the ranch so they five living on the ranch together for a week a try. They realize that they are attracted to each other. After agreeing to marry , they soon fall in love and realize God had this planned from the beginning
This book was really good but the beginning was hard because the MMC is so mean because of his past experience with women, then he doesn't want to get married at first so after his aunt tells him what she wants, he goes out to the ranch and really shows himself. The MFC has been living on the ranch 2 years after leaving the cooperate world and a cheater. She lost everything so the property owner let her live on the ranch for upkeep and taxes. She grows produce and is trying to expand her garden farming business. She had a rude encounter with the MMC in town, but now on the ranch was shocked when he rolled up saying he was going inside to bed. He totally redeems himself but I wanted to throttle him..lol Great book, love this series!
So glad this new series is still set in Sweet Water. This is a wonderful story of putting your faith and trust in God. Smith and Abrielle can inherit Sweet Briar Ranch but only if they marry. Neither has any money and need to not only trust God, but also learn to trust each other. I love how they honestly talk things out with each other. Smith has to show his true character to Abrielle in order to overcome her first impression of him acting like a jerk. I really enjoyed this and can’t wait to see where the series leads. I received a free copy of this book and this is my voluntary, honest review.
This is the first book of a new Jessie Gussman’s series. I really loved it! I can’t wait for #2!!
As usual, I highlighted a lot of quotes and wrote them down to help me be a better person. The heroes have integrity, character and faith. Each book by Jessie Gussman helps me face my days and I try to react with the wisdom that her characters have in tough situations, it’s a real help.
I laughed a lot as well: the story is a romance but it’s also really funny!
And I enjoyed coming back to Sweet Waters! I also appreciated that stories of other characters than the heroes were included: we want to meet them again in the next books!
Smith has moved from North Carolina to North Dakota. He has lost everything and is starting over at his aunt's ranch. She has promised to give it to him. Abrielle left the city for a slower life. She has been living on the ranch for the last 2 years and growing it into a produce farm. When Smith shows up, she's not sure what she will do. She's barely making ends meet and can't afford to move. When Smith's aunt suggests a marriage of convenience, they are both resistant. Smith doesn't trust and Abrielle wants someone of character.....and her interactions with Smith haven't been pleasant. They agree to get to know each other for a week and see what happens. Very sweet and funny!
I love this book about Abrielle and Smith who have one week living in the same house to see if they will get married or not in order to own the ranch that belongs to Smith's Aunt Alice. The characters are great and there are some laugh out loud scenes. I highly recommend this book for those who enjoy a clean romance and an exciting story. This is the first book in the Flyboys of Sweet Briar Ranch and is a standalone. I received an ARC but also bought this book since Jessie Gussman is one of my favorite authors. This is my voluntary and honest review.
Abrielle was living on a farm that doesn't belong to her and Smith has come home to take over the farm that his aunt promised him. The problem is. . . it is the same farm. When Smith's aunt suggest a marriage of convenience so they both get to stay on the farm and only gives them a week to think about it before she sells it to someone else, they have some decisions to make. Not the least of which is whether or not it is worth the risk. There is a runaway pig being chased by a cow to get the belly laughs started. The story is clean and wholesome and has a happy ending.
I was given an arc copy of this book and I willingly offer my honest review.
In spite of the handful of grammatical errors (those being the reason for my 4.5 star rating), this book held my attention. I was invested in both the MCs and the plot. The ending was satisfying. The pacing was decent, though there were a couple areas I skimmed because they seemed to drag a little. I do think some of the issues were solved too easily. But the general life lessons liberally placed here and there encouraged me. It's always nice to find someone who has a similar ethic. Overall, I thought it was a good story. I'd love to read more about Eli. Anyone who looks for contemporary, inspirational romance would likely enjoy this.
Jessie's books are edifying. I would say they are also light reads, but she does tackle difficult topics. Bad things happen to the characters or because of their choices, but there is redemption, grace, and forgiveness. She weaves in truths about how we should leave as Christians, which serve as reminders as I listen along.
Love the pig and cow story woven through this series.
I've listened to her books on YouTube, "Say With Jay." He's a great narrator, even for the women's voices. It's the type of book that you can listen to while doing something else. Any can be read as a stand-alone, but I recommend starting the series in order as several connect characters and places.
Ah. Another series in Sweet Water. Ee! So excited. Plus, I LOVE military heroes, especially SEAL and flyboys, so, multiple faceted excitement going on over here. Lol. I loved the characters and the setting up for a good series here. I liked the banter. You know it’s gonna be a good book when some of the first lessons talked about are ones you’ve been parroting around the house lately. Lol. I love the depth we got on many characters. I’m super excited for this series to continue!
I received an ARC of this book and am voluntarily leaving an honest review.
Jessie Gussman has started a new series also set in Sweet Water, North Dakota. The new characters are endearing and well liked while there are a few residents from the previous series that make an appearance. Makes you feel at home. The storyline was entertaining, humorous and so very enjoyable. Smith and Abrielle didn’t meet under the best of circumstances, now they have to spend some time getting to know more about each other, will they like what they learn? This particular story brought up certain Christian values that caused some introspection for me.
When you put your trust in God, all things will work out for the good.
Would you consider your options, either move from the home you've known and worked hard at for several years, or marry a complete stranger to continue living there? That's a leap of faith!
Thanks to the author for providing this book for my honest review!
Reasons I enjoyed this book: Romantic Wonderful characters Unpredictable Entertaining Easy-to-read Original Whimsical Realistic Inspirational Happily Ever After Page-turner Informative