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Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution
Why did the 1917 American Red Cross Mission to Russia include more financiers than medical doctors? Rather than caring for the victims of war and revolution, its members seemed more intent on negotiating contracts with the Kerensky government, and subsequently the Bolshevik regime. In a courageous investigation, Antony Sutton establishes tangible historical links between US capitalists and Russian communists. Drawing on State Department files, personal papers of key Wall Street figures, biographies and conventional histories, Sutton the role of Morgan banking executives in funneling illegal Bolshevik gold into the US; the co-option of the American Red Cross by powerful Wall Street forces; the intervention by Wall Street sources to free the Marxist revolutionary Leon Trotsky, whose aim was to topple the Russian government; the deals made by major corporations to capture the huge Russian market a decade and a half before the US recognized the Soviet regime; and, the secret sponsoring of Communism by leading businessmen, who publicly championed free enterprise. "Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution" traces the foundations of Western funding of the Soviet Union. Dispassionately, and with overwhelming documentation, the author details a crucial phase in the establishment of Communist Russia. This classic study - first published in 1974 and part of a key trilogy - is reproduced here in its original form. (The other volumes in the series include "Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler" and a study of Franklin D. Roosevelt's "1933 Presidential election in the United States").
228 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 1975
67 people are currently reading
1844 people want to read
About the author
Antony C. Sutton
57 books202 followersAnthony Sutton was a research Fellow at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University, from 1968 to 1973. He is a former economics professor at California State University Los Angeles. He was born in London in 1925 and educated at the universities of London, Gottingen and California with a D.Sc. degree from University of Southampton, England.
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 30 reviews
April 10, 2015
Outstanding. Eye opening. Sickening. Easy read. Completely downloadable. Free. The first Soviet Union 5 year plans were written in the United States. The famous industrial architect's daughter of the plan writers actually lived on street I grew up and was a neighbor ... looking back it figures. Lenin and Trotsky were financed wholly by Rothschild and Rockefeller interests. The United States built the Soviet Union to a very substantial degree. We sold them heavy water and the aluminum tubes necessary to build an atomic bomb in 1946. Your eyes slowly open to the nature of a very, very corrupt game. Sutton is very well qualified - Hoover Institute - Stanford scholar. Here is this fine, superbly researched book right here for free hit this link and the work is yours ... http://www.voltairenet.org/IMG/pdf/Su...
December 13, 2008
Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution uncovers and documents the how the richest of the rich wall street bankers and business people funded the bolshevik revolution. Sutton follows the paper trail and shows how people who on the surface would be seemingly at the opposite end of the spectrum covertly funded and promoted communism. Further proof that the left/right divide at the high levels is a total hoax.
Sutton deserves more credit than he gets because he actually did much of the research and leg work that has helped expose the new world order conspiracy. His stuff is often rehashed in other, much more well known, peoples work.
Sutton deserves more credit than he gets because he actually did much of the research and leg work that has helped expose the new world order conspiracy. His stuff is often rehashed in other, much more well known, peoples work.
May 4, 2018
The regular conspiracy theory fare.
Something along the lines that President Roosevelt peed in the same toilet as Lenin while visiting a hotel in Geneva, some 10 years apart. Well, Lenin was a guest there and he probably peed in the en suite toilet. And Roosevelt might not have been in Geneva altogether. But this is only the veil put in place by the Jewish bankers to hide the collusion.
Something along the lines that President Roosevelt peed in the same toilet as Lenin while visiting a hotel in Geneva, some 10 years apart. Well, Lenin was a guest there and he probably peed in the en suite toilet. And Roosevelt might not have been in Geneva altogether. But this is only the veil put in place by the Jewish bankers to hide the collusion.
May 7, 2024
I came to this book via an unusual chain of events.
It started when, acting on a stray thought that was prompted by news of the day, I typed "national suicide" into a search engine. Google returned only links to items about national rates of suicide, so I tried Duckduckgo, which apparently does not restrict what it's willing to show us. There I did see the kinds of links I'd been curious about (this 2016 article, just as an example; which I now see has been updated here). But there was also a link to a relevant Goodreads title. Unfortunately, that one wasn't in my public library, so I settled for another by the same author. He seems to have written several on essentially the same subject.
I will say that the author might've made his presentation a bit easier to follow. Names (many of which were unknown to me) come off the page as if from a firehose. For me, at least, this was not the kind of book I could sit back and read and make sense of. It required note-taking.
Here are some takeaways:
Leon Trotsky spent a few months in NYC in 1917. He had a comfortable apartment with a refrigerator and phone, he traveled about in a chauffeured limousine, and when he returned to Russia he had $10K in cash. However, he reported no income during that time, other than nominal payments for articles he'd written and speeches he'd given. Where did the money come from? Also, considering the fact that, at the request of the Russian government, the US State Department was limiting travel there by people known to be supportive of revolution, how was he even able to go?
I'm not sure there was a clear answer to the first question. Regarding the second, Woodrow Wilson directed that Trotsky be given a US passport. In turn, Wilson had been influenced by financier Charles Crane, VP of the Crane Company and a former chairman of the Democratic Party's finance committee.
There was more. When the ship bound for Russia stopped in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Trotsky was taken off and detained by the Canadian government, per direction from the British government, on the grounds that he was fomenting revolution. However, telegrams from certain private citizens in New York, routed through various consulates, were sufficient to get him released. The web of connections and motivations is a bit dizzying, but the sources are all footnoted.
Note that, by this time, the Czar had already been deposed, and a "Provisional Government" was in place. Perhaps Russian history could have taken a different direction. But Trotsky's stated purpose was to "carry forward" a "re-revolution" to ensure the new Russia would be Marxist. The people who let him go were making that possible.
At the same time, Lenin and a party of 32 Russian revolutionaries were crossing Europe, en route to Russia, with assistance from the German government. The Germans apparently thought further dissolution of the Russian government would improve their own odds of winning the First World War. One of their generals later wrote, "We neither knew nor foresaw the danger to humanity from the consequences of this journey of the Bolsheviks to Russia."
That much is covered in two early chapters. Subsequent material documents support given to the revolution by several prominent American financiers (and, incidentally, to other Marxist revolutions under way in Latin America and China), under the auspices of Rockefeller and J.P. Morgan, and often in clear violation of international law.
The American Red Cross also became heavily involved in Russia at this point. But although the country was desperately poor, this was not a humanitarian mission. The purpose was to help establish the new Soviet government, and help that government acquire legitimacy in other European capitals.
That help was needed. "The Soviets faced a bewildering array of internal and external problems. They occupied a mere fraction of Russia. To subdue the remainder, they needed foreign arms, imported food, outside financial support, diplomatic recognition and—above all—foreign banks." Without the very substantial help described in this book, it is unlikely they would have succeeded. For example, "recorded history totally ignores the 700,000-man Green Army composed of ex-Bolsheviks, angered at betrayal of the revolution," who had other plans for their country. There are quotes from Lenin and Trotsky acknowledging awareness of impending doom.
So why did the most influential people in the West ensure the establishment of the Soviet Union? That's the real question. We have an ingrained assumption "that all capitalists are bitter and unswerving enemies of all Marxists and socialists." But it turns out the assumption is not true. Our preconceptions have prevented us from seeing the obvious.
The ultimate fact is that global capitalists are driven not by ideology but by a simple search for profits. In this case, the objective was to gain concessions in an undeveloped country, post-revolution (railroads, banking, etc.). At home, they controlled Congress and the regulators, and US laws were favorable to making money. They believed a planned socialist government would also give them access to the giant Russian market, at least, more so than the possibly chaotic alternative.
Of course, Lenin and Trotsky recognized this economic imperialism for what it was, and exploited it for their own purposes.
The book also mentions plenty of people in the West who supported the Bolsheviks because they thought communism was a good idea. However, ultimately it was the search for new markets that caused Wall Street to go to bat in Washington for the Soviets, and who "continued to build Russia, economically and militarily" for years thereafter, until it presented an existential threat to civilization and a strategic threat on numerous battlefields. "What seemed a farsighted, and undoubtedly profitable, policy for a Wall Street syndicate, became a nightmare for millions outside the elitist power circle of the ruling class."
All this was underway a century ago. If it's suicide, the process to date has been slow and excruciating. It turns out there's even an online item about the slo-mo nature of that suicide. However, looking at the boneheaded moves of so many of today's multinational corporations, I suspect the pace has picked up.
It started when, acting on a stray thought that was prompted by news of the day, I typed "national suicide" into a search engine. Google returned only links to items about national rates of suicide, so I tried Duckduckgo, which apparently does not restrict what it's willing to show us. There I did see the kinds of links I'd been curious about (this 2016 article, just as an example; which I now see has been updated here). But there was also a link to a relevant Goodreads title. Unfortunately, that one wasn't in my public library, so I settled for another by the same author. He seems to have written several on essentially the same subject.
I will say that the author might've made his presentation a bit easier to follow. Names (many of which were unknown to me) come off the page as if from a firehose. For me, at least, this was not the kind of book I could sit back and read and make sense of. It required note-taking.
Here are some takeaways:
Leon Trotsky spent a few months in NYC in 1917. He had a comfortable apartment with a refrigerator and phone, he traveled about in a chauffeured limousine, and when he returned to Russia he had $10K in cash. However, he reported no income during that time, other than nominal payments for articles he'd written and speeches he'd given. Where did the money come from? Also, considering the fact that, at the request of the Russian government, the US State Department was limiting travel there by people known to be supportive of revolution, how was he even able to go?
I'm not sure there was a clear answer to the first question. Regarding the second, Woodrow Wilson directed that Trotsky be given a US passport. In turn, Wilson had been influenced by financier Charles Crane, VP of the Crane Company and a former chairman of the Democratic Party's finance committee.
There was more. When the ship bound for Russia stopped in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Trotsky was taken off and detained by the Canadian government, per direction from the British government, on the grounds that he was fomenting revolution. However, telegrams from certain private citizens in New York, routed through various consulates, were sufficient to get him released. The web of connections and motivations is a bit dizzying, but the sources are all footnoted.
Note that, by this time, the Czar had already been deposed, and a "Provisional Government" was in place. Perhaps Russian history could have taken a different direction. But Trotsky's stated purpose was to "carry forward" a "re-revolution" to ensure the new Russia would be Marxist. The people who let him go were making that possible.
At the same time, Lenin and a party of 32 Russian revolutionaries were crossing Europe, en route to Russia, with assistance from the German government. The Germans apparently thought further dissolution of the Russian government would improve their own odds of winning the First World War. One of their generals later wrote, "We neither knew nor foresaw the danger to humanity from the consequences of this journey of the Bolsheviks to Russia."
That much is covered in two early chapters. Subsequent material documents support given to the revolution by several prominent American financiers (and, incidentally, to other Marxist revolutions under way in Latin America and China), under the auspices of Rockefeller and J.P. Morgan, and often in clear violation of international law.
The American Red Cross also became heavily involved in Russia at this point. But although the country was desperately poor, this was not a humanitarian mission. The purpose was to help establish the new Soviet government, and help that government acquire legitimacy in other European capitals.
That help was needed. "The Soviets faced a bewildering array of internal and external problems. They occupied a mere fraction of Russia. To subdue the remainder, they needed foreign arms, imported food, outside financial support, diplomatic recognition and—above all—foreign banks." Without the very substantial help described in this book, it is unlikely they would have succeeded. For example, "recorded history totally ignores the 700,000-man Green Army composed of ex-Bolsheviks, angered at betrayal of the revolution," who had other plans for their country. There are quotes from Lenin and Trotsky acknowledging awareness of impending doom.
So why did the most influential people in the West ensure the establishment of the Soviet Union? That's the real question. We have an ingrained assumption "that all capitalists are bitter and unswerving enemies of all Marxists and socialists." But it turns out the assumption is not true. Our preconceptions have prevented us from seeing the obvious.
The ultimate fact is that global capitalists are driven not by ideology but by a simple search for profits. In this case, the objective was to gain concessions in an undeveloped country, post-revolution (railroads, banking, etc.). At home, they controlled Congress and the regulators, and US laws were favorable to making money. They believed a planned socialist government would also give them access to the giant Russian market, at least, more so than the possibly chaotic alternative.
Of course, Lenin and Trotsky recognized this economic imperialism for what it was, and exploited it for their own purposes.
The book also mentions plenty of people in the West who supported the Bolsheviks because they thought communism was a good idea. However, ultimately it was the search for new markets that caused Wall Street to go to bat in Washington for the Soviets, and who "continued to build Russia, economically and militarily" for years thereafter, until it presented an existential threat to civilization and a strategic threat on numerous battlefields. "What seemed a farsighted, and undoubtedly profitable, policy for a Wall Street syndicate, became a nightmare for millions outside the elitist power circle of the ruling class."
All this was underway a century ago. If it's suicide, the process to date has been slow and excruciating. It turns out there's even an online item about the slo-mo nature of that suicide. However, looking at the boneheaded moves of so many of today's multinational corporations, I suspect the pace has picked up.
August 24, 2023
The book deals with the relationship between Wall St and Bolshevik revolutionaries, focusing on Russia, although brief mentions are made of Wall St. financing revolutionary movements in Mexico and fascist movements in Italy. For the ties between Wall St and Nazi Germany read his other book titled Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler: The Astonishing True Story of the American Financiers Who Bankrolled the Nazis.
What follows are short quotes from the book, that illustrate the main facts. If you want details and all the people involved in these affairs you have to read the book. Square brackets [] are my additions and notes.
What follows are short quotes from the book, that illustrate the main facts. If you want details and all the people involved in these affairs you have to read the book. Square brackets [] are my additions and notes.
the return to Russia of Lenin and his party of exiled Bolsheviks, followed a few weeks later by a party of Mensheviks, was financed and organized by the German government. The necessary funds were transferred in part through the Nya Banken in Stockholm, owned by Olof Aschberg, and the dual German objectives were: (a) removal of Russia from the war, and (b) control of the postwar Russian market.
-
In tsarist times Aschberg was the Morgan agent in Russia and negotiator for Russian loans in the United States; during 1917 Aschberg was financial intermediary for the revolutionaries; and after the revolution Aschberg became head of Ruskombank, the first Soviet international bank.
-
Moreover, there is evidence of transfers of funds from Wall Street bankers to international revolutionary activities. For example, there is the statement (substantiated by a cablegram) by William Boyce Thompson—a director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, a large stockholder in the Rockefeller-controlled Chase Bank, and a financial associate of the Guggenheims and the Morgans—that he (Thompson) contributed $1 million to the Bolshevik Revolution for propaganda purposes.
The American Red Cross Mission to Russia was a private venture of William B. Thompson, who publicly proffered partisan support to the Bolsheviks.
[The Red Cross mission is Russia was basicaly a front of Wall ST big money interests.]
In the sedition case of Robert Minor [His father was a Judge in Texas, and later used his influence to get his son released, escaping military tribunal in Europe] there are strong indications and some circumstantial evidence that Colonel Edward House intervened to have Minor released. The significance of the Minor case is that William B. Thompson’s programme for Bolshevik revolution in Germany was the very programme Minor was implementing when arrested in Germany.
[Sutton here is referring to the 1 mln dollar "personal" donation William B Thompson made to Bolsheviks for propaganda purposes. See quotes above.]
-
It is significant that support for the Bolsheviks did not cease with consolidation of the revolution; therefore, this support cannot be wholly explained in terms of the war with Germany.
-
The first really concrete signal that previous political and financial support was paying off came in 1923 when the Soviets formed their first international bank, Ruskombank. Morgan associate Olof Aschberg became nominal head of this Soviet bank; Max May, a vice president of Guaranty Trust, became a director of Ruskombank, and the Ruskombank promptly appointed Guaranty Trust Company its U.S. agent.
-
Trotsky then was not pro-Russian, or pro-Allied, or pro-German, as many have tried to make him out to be. Trotsky was for world revolution, for world dictatorship; he was, in one word, an internationalist. Bolshevists and bankers have then this significant common ground—internationalism. Revolution and international finance are not at all inconsistent if the result of revolution is to establish more centralized authority. International finance prefers to deal with central governments. The last thing the banking community wants is laissez-faire economy and decentralized power because these would disperse power.
-
Testimony of Albert Rhys Williams, an astute commentator on the revolution, before the Senate Overman Committee:
MR. WILLIAMS: ... it is probably true that under the soviet government industrial life will perhaps be much slower in development than under the usual capitalistic system. But why should a great industrial country like America desire the creation and consequent competition of another great industrial rival? Are not the interests of America in this regard in line with the slow tempo of development which soviet Russia projects for herself?
SENATOR WOLCOTT: Then your argument is that it would be to the interest of America to have Russia repressed?
MR. WILLIAMS: Not repressed ....
SENATOR WOLCOTT: You say. Why should America desire Russia to become an industrial competitor with her?
MR. WILLIAMS: This is speaking from a capitalistic standpoint. The whole interest of America is not, I think, to have another great industrial rival, like Germany, England, France, and Italy, thrown on the market in competition. I think another government over there besides the Soviet government would perhaps increase the tempo or rate of development of Russia, and we would have another rival. Of course, this is arguing from a capitalistic standpoint.
SENATOR WOLCOTT: So you are presenting an argument here which you think might appeal to the American people, your point being this, that if we recognize the Soviet government of Russia as it is constituted we will be recognizing a government that can not compete with us in industry for a great many years?
MR. WILLIAMS: That is a fact.
SENATOR WOLCOTT: That is an argument that under the Soviet government Russia is in no position, for a great many years at least, to approach America industrially?
MR. WILLIAMS: Absolutely.
(U.S., Senate, Bolshevik Propaganda, hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary, 65th Cong., pp. 679-80. See also herein Chapter 6 for the role of Williams in Radek)
June 14, 2020
Some good old nonsense by the libertarian nutjob Sutton.
A book that is mostly used today by iliterate antisemites/anti-communists and conspiracy theorists who want the discredit the Bolsheviks and the Russian revolution and over all a book that is nothing but fuel for political extremists on the right. Sutton, who has also claimed that the Roosevelts and Nazi Germany were sponsored by the same bankers in order to, and I quote, promote "corporate socialism" in order to ensure "monopoly acquisition of wealth".
Although some of the data that Sutton brings up seems to have some truth behind it, he then proceeds to make up his own conclusions of the reasoning behind them. This book is mostly a look in to the mind of a deranged conspiracy theorist that has fooled thousands of people like himself and not necessarily a credible or authentic account of history.
A book that is mostly used today by iliterate antisemites/anti-communists and conspiracy theorists who want the discredit the Bolsheviks and the Russian revolution and over all a book that is nothing but fuel for political extremists on the right. Sutton, who has also claimed that the Roosevelts and Nazi Germany were sponsored by the same bankers in order to, and I quote, promote "corporate socialism" in order to ensure "monopoly acquisition of wealth".
Although some of the data that Sutton brings up seems to have some truth behind it, he then proceeds to make up his own conclusions of the reasoning behind them. This book is mostly a look in to the mind of a deranged conspiracy theorist that has fooled thousands of people like himself and not necessarily a credible or authentic account of history.
March 19, 2019
This book is an in-depth look at the role of Wall Street in financing the Bolshevik revolution, exposing some valuable truth about the true origin of communism and the deception of the federal reserve, and contains information that is not possible to find in "traditional" history books.
This was an eye opener of a book, well worth the read.
This was an eye opener of a book, well worth the read.
April 28, 2009
It's clear, once you read Sutton's "Wall Street" trilogy, that World War II was not something that happened at random. All major parties were well funded and supported by personages that continue to remain well hidden from public view.
August 20, 2020
Awesome book and gutsy tenacious author.
My film I wrote exec.produced is about the Ukraine Genocide that The Communist created by killing by mass systematic starvation by stealing Ukraines farmers land and foods via the collective farm control and submission and Cheka and Ogpu Nkvd executions resulting in the millions of deaths mostly Ukrainians also Russians and Kazakistani Caucases peoples and Volga Germans which was a plan by these USA WALL STREET SCUM Financers of the Revolution..that robbed every family in Ukraine of their meager stashed family heirloom gold silver jewels and church icons and jewels as a MASSIVE RAPE AND CASH IN FOR THE USA THAT TRADED WITH SOVIETS LENIN STALIN...RESOURCES AND WEAPONS FOR RUSSIAS FARM FOODS MOSTLY WHEAT ETC. GRAINS UKRAINIANS GREW AND DIED FOR FOR AMERICANS AND OTHERS TO EAT ..DIABOLICAL CRIME OF THE CENTURY...HITLER DID THE SAME TO THE JEWS AFTER...AND UKRAINIANS POLES WERE EXECUTED ON MASS..like Stalin waged ..Hitler used executions and gas etc.more Organized than gulags that Hitler learned to launch similarly from Lenin Stalin...then Hitlers gold was hunted down by America again and Soviets....GAME OF PURE EVIL.my film I wrote is BITTER HARVEST 2017.youtube trailers and dvd avail.on Amazon.and online pay tv.
My film I wrote exec.produced is about the Ukraine Genocide that The Communist created by killing by mass systematic starvation by stealing Ukraines farmers land and foods via the collective farm control and submission and Cheka and Ogpu Nkvd executions resulting in the millions of deaths mostly Ukrainians also Russians and Kazakistani Caucases peoples and Volga Germans which was a plan by these USA WALL STREET SCUM Financers of the Revolution..that robbed every family in Ukraine of their meager stashed family heirloom gold silver jewels and church icons and jewels as a MASSIVE RAPE AND CASH IN FOR THE USA THAT TRADED WITH SOVIETS LENIN STALIN...RESOURCES AND WEAPONS FOR RUSSIAS FARM FOODS MOSTLY WHEAT ETC. GRAINS UKRAINIANS GREW AND DIED FOR FOR AMERICANS AND OTHERS TO EAT ..DIABOLICAL CRIME OF THE CENTURY...HITLER DID THE SAME TO THE JEWS AFTER...AND UKRAINIANS POLES WERE EXECUTED ON MASS..like Stalin waged ..Hitler used executions and gas etc.more Organized than gulags that Hitler learned to launch similarly from Lenin Stalin...then Hitlers gold was hunted down by America again and Soviets....GAME OF PURE EVIL.my film I wrote is BITTER HARVEST 2017.youtube trailers and dvd avail.on Amazon.and online pay tv.
Read
November 25, 2023Given the nexus between big government and big business in America today supporting the CCP, it doesn’t surprise me to see plausible links here between these interests and support for the Bolshevik Revolution. The book was, unfortunately, too disjointed and hard to follow and could have substantiated more of the connections.
March 1, 2024
Update March 1, 2024
This is one of the best books I have ever read.
I read it years ago, and the basics have stuck with me. I want to secure the other two pieces of what I recently discovered was a trilogy, this being one part.
Two other great books that come to mind when reviewing this book are:
Timothy Snyder. Bloodlands
The Crime and Punishment of I.G .Farben by Joseph Borkin
Original review:
...and during WW2, Stalin was called Uncle Joe by FDR and a lot of others. Dzugavili was a mass murderer, yet was two-time Man of the Year over at Time Magazine.
Take a look at Timothy Snyders Bloodlands for a good look at the lesser of two evils thing.
This is one of the best books I have ever read.
I read it years ago, and the basics have stuck with me. I want to secure the other two pieces of what I recently discovered was a trilogy, this being one part.
Two other great books that come to mind when reviewing this book are:
Timothy Snyder. Bloodlands
The Crime and Punishment of I.G .Farben by Joseph Borkin
Original review:
...and during WW2, Stalin was called Uncle Joe by FDR and a lot of others. Dzugavili was a mass murderer, yet was two-time Man of the Year over at Time Magazine.
Take a look at Timothy Snyders Bloodlands for a good look at the lesser of two evils thing.
February 24, 2025
I would give this book 3.5 stars if I could - 4 stars for the content and the depth of research but 3 for readability. It’s encyclopaedic in the ground it covers documenting the tangible links between Wall Street and Bolshevik Russia. Unfortunately, that also means there are a lot of names involved that make it hard to follow unless one’s concentrating pretty hard or taking notes.
That said, this book does an incredibly thorough job of illustrating the hand Wall Street had in supporting the Bolsheviks both within Russia and abroad in the US and UK. It really goes to show that the financial entities that operate behind the political facade of left & right, really have no allegiance to nation states - only to more control and power. This was happening over 100 years ago - I wonder where we are today?
“If the objective is a Communist world—that is, if communism is the desired synthesis—and capitalism is the thesis, then something apart from capitalism or communism has to be antithesis. Could therefore capitalism be the thesis and communism the antithesis, with the objective of the revolutionary groups and their backers being a synthesizing of these two systems into some world system yet undescribed?” p. 218
“Obviously banker’s funds have no national flag.” p. 221
And for good measure a text I sent concerning the contents of this book:
I’ve just finished reading this book by Antony Sutton. In it, it’s demonstrated that, key financial elites and Wall Street banking firms linked to the likes of the Rockefellers and J.P. Morgan played a significant role in the funding and supporting of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Trotsky was only able to return to Russia on an American Passport with the personal backing of Woodrow Wilson, Wilson was eminently controlled by Wall Street interests. During WW1 these Wall Street interests financed both the allies and the Germans, specifically also funding German espionage activities within the US. Whilst funding the Bolsheviks, they also funded anti-Bolshevik hysteria in the US. The Red Scare (1919 - 1920) was perpetuated by press outlets controlled by these Wall Street interests and was used to suppress domestic socialists & populist movements that threatened corporate monopolies. As a result of financing the Bolsheviks, key Wall Street and Wall Street linked players were given significant positions of power in the first Soviet International bank, Ruskombank.
Antony Sutton has also written a book called ‘Wall Street And The Rise Of Hitler” where he shows that these same Wall Street interests provided crucial financing for the rise of Hitler & the Nazi regime with the full knowledge that the probable outcome would be war involving Europe and the United States.
This was all happening over 100 years ago. It clearly demonstrates that global finance and the elites that govern it, are where the real power centres of our world lie. Clearly, they have no loyalty to nation states, they have the ability override governments and direct world events and they control the flow of history - not just wealth. Control over banking = control over governments. Where do you think we are now? Do you think that people that are able to dictate world events would draw the line at national elections? Democracy is an illusion when viewed through this historical context and so is the nation state. They are pawns on the chessboard to be manipulated in order to achieve the ultimate goal of global governance.
That said, this book does an incredibly thorough job of illustrating the hand Wall Street had in supporting the Bolsheviks both within Russia and abroad in the US and UK. It really goes to show that the financial entities that operate behind the political facade of left & right, really have no allegiance to nation states - only to more control and power. This was happening over 100 years ago - I wonder where we are today?
“If the objective is a Communist world—that is, if communism is the desired synthesis—and capitalism is the thesis, then something apart from capitalism or communism has to be antithesis. Could therefore capitalism be the thesis and communism the antithesis, with the objective of the revolutionary groups and their backers being a synthesizing of these two systems into some world system yet undescribed?” p. 218
“Obviously banker’s funds have no national flag.” p. 221
And for good measure a text I sent concerning the contents of this book:
I’ve just finished reading this book by Antony Sutton. In it, it’s demonstrated that, key financial elites and Wall Street banking firms linked to the likes of the Rockefellers and J.P. Morgan played a significant role in the funding and supporting of the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. Trotsky was only able to return to Russia on an American Passport with the personal backing of Woodrow Wilson, Wilson was eminently controlled by Wall Street interests. During WW1 these Wall Street interests financed both the allies and the Germans, specifically also funding German espionage activities within the US. Whilst funding the Bolsheviks, they also funded anti-Bolshevik hysteria in the US. The Red Scare (1919 - 1920) was perpetuated by press outlets controlled by these Wall Street interests and was used to suppress domestic socialists & populist movements that threatened corporate monopolies. As a result of financing the Bolsheviks, key Wall Street and Wall Street linked players were given significant positions of power in the first Soviet International bank, Ruskombank.
Antony Sutton has also written a book called ‘Wall Street And The Rise Of Hitler” where he shows that these same Wall Street interests provided crucial financing for the rise of Hitler & the Nazi regime with the full knowledge that the probable outcome would be war involving Europe and the United States.
This was all happening over 100 years ago. It clearly demonstrates that global finance and the elites that govern it, are where the real power centres of our world lie. Clearly, they have no loyalty to nation states, they have the ability override governments and direct world events and they control the flow of history - not just wealth. Control over banking = control over governments. Where do you think we are now? Do you think that people that are able to dictate world events would draw the line at national elections? Democracy is an illusion when viewed through this historical context and so is the nation state. They are pawns on the chessboard to be manipulated in order to achieve the ultimate goal of global governance.
November 11, 2025
The “Enemy” of the West was often just another great investment
This book is a red pill laced with financial statements. Sutton exposes how elite Western bankers bankrolled Bolshevism, not to promote social justice, but to dismantle sovereign states, install puppet regimes, and reap profits from chaos.
This isn’t “left vs right.” This is top vs everyone else.
1. Wall Street’s Role in the Russian Revolution
Lev Davidovich Bronstein (aka Trotsky): The Banker’s Revolutionary
• Funded by Jacob Schiff (Kuhn, Loeb & Co.)—$10,000 in gold.
• Given a U.S. passport and escorted to Petrograd.
• Detained in Halifax by British intelligence? Not for long—Washington ordered his release.
Red Cross? Try Red Capital
• 1917 American Red Cross “mission” in Russia had more Wall Street executives than doctors.
• Key player: William Boyce Thompson, director of the New York Fed.
• Objective? Ensure Lenin’s revolution succeeded and secure favorable economic access.
Who Funded the Red Wave?
• Jacob Schiff – Longtime enemy of Tsarism and proud funder of Bolsheviks.
• J.P. Morgan, National City Bank, Standard Oil, General Electric, Ford – Exported tech and cash into Soviet hands, even during the worst atrocities.
2. Red Terror: ROI via Genocide
Culling the Old Russia
• Over 60,000 members of the intelligentsia exterminated.
• Landowners, priests, nobles, educators, and military officers—slaughtered or sent to gulags.
• Cultural genocide executed under the pretext of “revolution.”
Key Soviet Demographics (1918–1922)
• Early Bolshevik leadership: ~80–85% Jewish, despite Jews being ~1.5% of the Russian population.
• Top names: Bronstein (Trotsky), Sverdlov, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Radek, Litvinov, Kaganovich.
• Many weren’t just ethnic outsiders—they were ideological globalists, backed by transatlantic money.
3. Sutton’s Devastating Thesis
• Communism was not created to fight capitalism—it was funded to destroy independent wealth, nationalism, and Christianity.
• Bolshevism created a controlled market where select Western corporations had monopoly access.
• Ideology? A useful tool. The goal? Total power and asset control.
One to go one more step beyond this book and look at Mao’s Revolution: Déjà Vu in the Far East
The Same Blueprint, New Theater
After Lenin and Stalin came Mao—and Sutton’s research shows the same handprints.
• Yale-in-China: Mao Zedong was sponsored by an elite American missionary-intelligence network (Yale Divinity School was an OSS/CIA cover).
• American support continued even after Mao began the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution.
U.S. Corporate Support for Red China
• During the Cold War, select U.S. firms quietly sold equipment, factories, and tech to Maoist China—just like they did with the USSR.
• Mao’s China, like the USSR, was a closed system—perfect for elite monopoly control and cheap labor exploitation.
Mao didn’t rise from the rice fields—he rose from funded revolution and Western protection.
Sutton’s work reveals a pattern of elite sabotage:
1. Fund a revolution.
2. Erase native elites and traditions.
3. Install a controlled regime.
4. Profit off monopoly trade with that regime.
Forget Cold War mythology. The real battle wasn’t communism vs capitalism. It was sovereignty vs global finance.
What This Means…
• Lenin, Stalin, Mao—tools, not ideologues.
• The USSR and PRC were not anti-West—they were Western banker projects.
• “Enemies” were created and funded to create fear, justify spending, and erase national resistance.
"Capitalism and Communism are identical," Sutton says, a truth we are discovering today, to our consternation. Far from being free, we are mice in a laboratory run by psychopaths.
After reading this book any critically thinking mind can start drawing parallels to a modern days "Neo Bolsheviks" and their backers...
This book is a red pill laced with financial statements. Sutton exposes how elite Western bankers bankrolled Bolshevism, not to promote social justice, but to dismantle sovereign states, install puppet regimes, and reap profits from chaos.
This isn’t “left vs right.” This is top vs everyone else.
1. Wall Street’s Role in the Russian Revolution
Lev Davidovich Bronstein (aka Trotsky): The Banker’s Revolutionary
• Funded by Jacob Schiff (Kuhn, Loeb & Co.)—$10,000 in gold.
• Given a U.S. passport and escorted to Petrograd.
• Detained in Halifax by British intelligence? Not for long—Washington ordered his release.
Red Cross? Try Red Capital
• 1917 American Red Cross “mission” in Russia had more Wall Street executives than doctors.
• Key player: William Boyce Thompson, director of the New York Fed.
• Objective? Ensure Lenin’s revolution succeeded and secure favorable economic access.
Who Funded the Red Wave?
• Jacob Schiff – Longtime enemy of Tsarism and proud funder of Bolsheviks.
• J.P. Morgan, National City Bank, Standard Oil, General Electric, Ford – Exported tech and cash into Soviet hands, even during the worst atrocities.
2. Red Terror: ROI via Genocide
Culling the Old Russia
• Over 60,000 members of the intelligentsia exterminated.
• Landowners, priests, nobles, educators, and military officers—slaughtered or sent to gulags.
• Cultural genocide executed under the pretext of “revolution.”
Key Soviet Demographics (1918–1922)
• Early Bolshevik leadership: ~80–85% Jewish, despite Jews being ~1.5% of the Russian population.
• Top names: Bronstein (Trotsky), Sverdlov, Zinoviev, Kamenev, Radek, Litvinov, Kaganovich.
• Many weren’t just ethnic outsiders—they were ideological globalists, backed by transatlantic money.
3. Sutton’s Devastating Thesis
• Communism was not created to fight capitalism—it was funded to destroy independent wealth, nationalism, and Christianity.
• Bolshevism created a controlled market where select Western corporations had monopoly access.
• Ideology? A useful tool. The goal? Total power and asset control.
One to go one more step beyond this book and look at Mao’s Revolution: Déjà Vu in the Far East
The Same Blueprint, New Theater
After Lenin and Stalin came Mao—and Sutton’s research shows the same handprints.
• Yale-in-China: Mao Zedong was sponsored by an elite American missionary-intelligence network (Yale Divinity School was an OSS/CIA cover).
• American support continued even after Mao began the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution.
U.S. Corporate Support for Red China
• During the Cold War, select U.S. firms quietly sold equipment, factories, and tech to Maoist China—just like they did with the USSR.
• Mao’s China, like the USSR, was a closed system—perfect for elite monopoly control and cheap labor exploitation.
Mao didn’t rise from the rice fields—he rose from funded revolution and Western protection.
Sutton’s work reveals a pattern of elite sabotage:
1. Fund a revolution.
2. Erase native elites and traditions.
3. Install a controlled regime.
4. Profit off monopoly trade with that regime.
Forget Cold War mythology. The real battle wasn’t communism vs capitalism. It was sovereignty vs global finance.
What This Means…
• Lenin, Stalin, Mao—tools, not ideologues.
• The USSR and PRC were not anti-West—they were Western banker projects.
• “Enemies” were created and funded to create fear, justify spending, and erase national resistance.
"Capitalism and Communism are identical," Sutton says, a truth we are discovering today, to our consternation. Far from being free, we are mice in a laboratory run by psychopaths.
After reading this book any critically thinking mind can start drawing parallels to a modern days "Neo Bolsheviks" and their backers...
December 29, 2022
I read three books about the Russian revolution one after the other, A People's Tragedy: The Russian Revolution: 1891-1924 by Orlando Figes, The Russian Revolution: A New History by Sean McMeekin, and Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution by Anthony Sutton to try to get a balanced perspective. All three books had their advantages and disadvantages.
Figes work was absolutely bloody brilliant for facts and dates and easing you in to the topic but was extremely biased against the Romanov regime and in favour of revolutionary forces though leaned towards something like a liberal constitutional monarchy as desired by the provisional government. Great overview but question the interpretation.
Sutton's is a focussed work many have labelled a wild conspiracy but the facts are presented fairly and Sutton is careful not to make any wild claims. The theme of Wall Street and the Bolshevik revolution being that the revolution was well-funded by certain interests embedded in Wall Street and the international financial system. It is hard to argue with the evidence presented.
Sean McMeekin's work was by far the best of the three for a general history but I'm glad I didn't read it first - certainly not as clear as Figes at presenting who did what, when. Compressing many eventful years of history down into a scant 500 pages is not easy but McMeekin succeeds in presenting a synthesis of competing viewpoints. Interesting to see the thesis of Sutton's being integrated to the general narrative. McMeekin is even-handed and carefully explains the shortfalls of the Romanov regime while also outlining the international interests that were determined to bring down the last remaining powerful monarchy in Europe.
If you were to read only one of these three books about the Russian Revolution I would recommend McMeekin's The Russian Revolution: A New History but would be good to have a general idea of what happens before cracking the spine.
Figes work was absolutely bloody brilliant for facts and dates and easing you in to the topic but was extremely biased against the Romanov regime and in favour of revolutionary forces though leaned towards something like a liberal constitutional monarchy as desired by the provisional government. Great overview but question the interpretation.
Sutton's is a focussed work many have labelled a wild conspiracy but the facts are presented fairly and Sutton is careful not to make any wild claims. The theme of Wall Street and the Bolshevik revolution being that the revolution was well-funded by certain interests embedded in Wall Street and the international financial system. It is hard to argue with the evidence presented.
Sean McMeekin's work was by far the best of the three for a general history but I'm glad I didn't read it first - certainly not as clear as Figes at presenting who did what, when. Compressing many eventful years of history down into a scant 500 pages is not easy but McMeekin succeeds in presenting a synthesis of competing viewpoints. Interesting to see the thesis of Sutton's being integrated to the general narrative. McMeekin is even-handed and carefully explains the shortfalls of the Romanov regime while also outlining the international interests that were determined to bring down the last remaining powerful monarchy in Europe.
If you were to read only one of these three books about the Russian Revolution I would recommend McMeekin's The Russian Revolution: A New History but would be good to have a general idea of what happens before cracking the spine.
August 13, 2018
Are communism and commercialism mutually exclusive? On paper, yes. And yet who could be a better friend to a megalomaniacal revolutionary than a wealthy benefactor who wishes to increase his prestige and power? It sounds implausible only because our modern educational systems have neglected to inform the public of the link between Wall Street and the Bolshevik revolution. Nonetheless, the trail of evidence is there - familiar banking names such as the Morgans and Warburgs, as well as Trotsky and Lenin make their appearance in this book.
Why would wealthy so-called "capitalists" want to fund communist revolutions in Russia, or anywhere else? What's in it for them?
At the end of the day, even communist campaigns need financing (who funds the mass printing of Antifa manuals?), and who better to provide it then a commercial monopoly capable of rapidly assisting the communistic central planners, and who are perfectly fine propping up entire new governments in order to further their monopolies?
The bottom line is that one cannot possibly appreciate the state of the modern world unless one divests oneself of the idea that seemingly competing ideologies don't mask hidden alliances. It's time people took a look at the evidence themselves, and formulated meaningful questions based what is presented to them. Mainstream education has done many generations a terrible disservice by neglecting to report on the truth about the Bolshevik revolution.
Why would wealthy so-called "capitalists" want to fund communist revolutions in Russia, or anywhere else? What's in it for them?
At the end of the day, even communist campaigns need financing (who funds the mass printing of Antifa manuals?), and who better to provide it then a commercial monopoly capable of rapidly assisting the communistic central planners, and who are perfectly fine propping up entire new governments in order to further their monopolies?
The bottom line is that one cannot possibly appreciate the state of the modern world unless one divests oneself of the idea that seemingly competing ideologies don't mask hidden alliances. It's time people took a look at the evidence themselves, and formulated meaningful questions based what is presented to them. Mainstream education has done many generations a terrible disservice by neglecting to report on the truth about the Bolshevik revolution.
October 22, 2023
The first book in the Antony Sutton single paperback trilogy (don't see it listed) is an eye-opener. Wall Street Bankster interference with Russia's Bolshevik Revolution in the early 1900's was not ideological (mostly not I guess) but capitalistic. They (banksters) literally supported Leon Trotsky (ie they paid his NYC apartment rent) and others to a great extent. Sutton goes through the characters who led this financing. Characters who were not only traitors to the Constitution and were never held accountable (although some tried and were thwarted) but these characters are largely blurred and/or wiped from memory (if they were ever a part of one's memory in the first place, in my case they were not) unless you look for them. William Boyce Thompson is one example. And they all got away with it at least as far as US law is concerned and lived rich and "carefree" lives. Most people would not call Woodrow Wilson a traitorous ratfink president but, after reading this book, I do call him that because that's exactly what he was. The corruption of the US government began long before WWII.
June 29, 2020
Por que a Missão da Cruz Vermelha Americana de 1917 na Rússia incluiu mais financiadores do que médicos?
Em vez de cuidar das vítimas da guerra e da revolução, seus membros pareciam mais empenhados em negociar contratos com o governo Kerensky e, posteriormente, com o regime Bolchevique.
Em uma investigação corajosa, Antony Sutton estabelece vínculos históricos tangíveis entre Comunistas Russos e Capitalistas dos EUA. Com base em arquivos do Departamento de Estado dos EUA, documentos pessoais das principais figuras de Wall Street, biografias e histórias convencionais, Sutton revela:
• O papel dos executivos bancários do Morgan na canalização ilegal de ouro bolchevique para os EUA.
• A cooptação da Cruz Vermelha Americana por poderosas forças de Wall Street.
• A intervenção de fontes de Wall Street para libertar o revolucionário marxista Leon Trotsky, cujo objetivo era derrubar o governo russo.
• Os acordos feitos pelas grandes empresas para capturar o enorme mercado russo uma década e meia antes dos EUA reconhecerem o regime soviético.
• O patrocínio secreto do comunismo pelos principais empresários, que defendiam publicamente a livre empresa.
Wall Street e a Revolução Bolchevique traçam as bases do financiamento ocidental da União Soviética.
Desapaixonadamente, e com documentação avassaladora, o autor detalha uma fase crucial no estabelecimento da Rússia comunista.
Este estudo clássico - publicado pela primeira vez em 1974 e parte de uma trilogia importante - é reproduzido aqui em sua forma original.
Os outros volumes dessa trilogia são Wall Street e The Rise of Hitler ( Wall Street e a ascensão de Hitler) e Wall Street and FDR - Franklin D. Roosevelt.
"Sutton chega a conclusões desconfortáveis para muitos empresários e economistas.
Por esse motivo, seu trabalho tende a ser descartado de imediato como 'extremo' ou, mais frequentemente, simplesmente ignorado. ”- Richard Pipes, Professor Emérito de História, Universidade de Harvard (de Survival Is Not Enough: Soviet Realities and America's Future)
Em vez de cuidar das vítimas da guerra e da revolução, seus membros pareciam mais empenhados em negociar contratos com o governo Kerensky e, posteriormente, com o regime Bolchevique.
Em uma investigação corajosa, Antony Sutton estabelece vínculos históricos tangíveis entre Comunistas Russos e Capitalistas dos EUA. Com base em arquivos do Departamento de Estado dos EUA, documentos pessoais das principais figuras de Wall Street, biografias e histórias convencionais, Sutton revela:
• O papel dos executivos bancários do Morgan na canalização ilegal de ouro bolchevique para os EUA.
• A cooptação da Cruz Vermelha Americana por poderosas forças de Wall Street.
• A intervenção de fontes de Wall Street para libertar o revolucionário marxista Leon Trotsky, cujo objetivo era derrubar o governo russo.
• Os acordos feitos pelas grandes empresas para capturar o enorme mercado russo uma década e meia antes dos EUA reconhecerem o regime soviético.
• O patrocínio secreto do comunismo pelos principais empresários, que defendiam publicamente a livre empresa.
Wall Street e a Revolução Bolchevique traçam as bases do financiamento ocidental da União Soviética.
Desapaixonadamente, e com documentação avassaladora, o autor detalha uma fase crucial no estabelecimento da Rússia comunista.
Este estudo clássico - publicado pela primeira vez em 1974 e parte de uma trilogia importante - é reproduzido aqui em sua forma original.
Os outros volumes dessa trilogia são Wall Street e The Rise of Hitler ( Wall Street e a ascensão de Hitler) e Wall Street and FDR - Franklin D. Roosevelt.
"Sutton chega a conclusões desconfortáveis para muitos empresários e economistas.
Por esse motivo, seu trabalho tende a ser descartado de imediato como 'extremo' ou, mais frequentemente, simplesmente ignorado. ”- Richard Pipes, Professor Emérito de História, Universidade de Harvard (de Survival Is Not Enough: Soviet Realities and America's Future)
November 23, 2024
An important book which sheds light on corruption and financial backing behind the bolshevik revolution. Very well researched with good, critical analysis. Unfortunately, I found this book quite the challenge to read with all the interlocking names and corporations and the jumpy nature of the book made it incredibly hard to figure out what the hell was going on. Still though this is a one of a kind book with information that you won't find elsewhere.
Also I love how all the 1 star reviews claim this book is another Jewish conspiracy theory yet there was literally an appendix dedicated to arguing against this. Clearly shows how much of the book they actually read. Lul.
7/10
Also I love how all the 1 star reviews claim this book is another Jewish conspiracy theory yet there was literally an appendix dedicated to arguing against this. Clearly shows how much of the book they actually read. Lul.
7/10
July 29, 2022
A Conspiracy?
The book calls out the support Wall Street had for the Russian Revolution in 1917-1922, and the role key bankers and politicians played to support Bolshevik causes. There are open questions in my mind on the accuracy and conclusions raised by the author. They are plausible - and parallels drawn between fascism and communism - but I’m somewhat skeptical. An interesting but somewhat disjointed read.
The book calls out the support Wall Street had for the Russian Revolution in 1917-1922, and the role key bankers and politicians played to support Bolshevik causes. There are open questions in my mind on the accuracy and conclusions raised by the author. They are plausible - and parallels drawn between fascism and communism - but I’m somewhat skeptical. An interesting but somewhat disjointed read.
October 22, 2022
Česke vydani ve Veritas ma opravdu mizernou uroven, bolsevici jsou prekladani jako maximaliste atd. Nicmene nektere zajimave skutecnosti se tam lze dozvedet ( prehled kontraktu sovetu s ametickymi firmami 1919). Kdo pozoruje dnesni pratele kapitalismu mezi nejvetsimi kapitalisty, nedivi se, že se komunisticka diktatura mohla presvedcenym monopolistum zdat investicne fajn.
May 14, 2022
Interesting narrative and amazing investigation
October 21, 2023
Same story different face. More terrorism funded by liberal democratic government. Welcome to the Beast of Revelation
Want to read
January 8, 2024الكتاب تحدث عنه سيف الدين عمواص في برنامج بدون ورق (1:55:00)
الفكرة تدور بأن الثورة البلشفية قام بها الشيوعيون
الفكرة تدور بأن الثورة البلشفية قام بها الشيوعيون
Read
February 28, 2025Too in depth for me so did not finish but i enjoyed the intro and summary.
January 7, 2014
I do not agree with most of what the author said in the book. I don't agree with him that Rockefeller helped finance Bolshevism. However, I do think the Warburgs might have. In "Secret Agent 666" Richard Spence wrote that Aleister Crowley wrote a report to British intelligence stating that Max Warburg and Jacob Schiff were intentionally aiding Lenin and Trotsky. However, this may have been because of their relationship with Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, who was fighting Russia's Czar Nicholas, and then his successor the socialist dictator Alexander Kerensky, in the First World War. The Kaiser himself was aiding Lenin and Trotsky in order to weaken the Russian state. Another reason the Warburgs and Jacob Schiff might have helped the Bolshevik would have been Nicholas' anti-Semitism. Many leaders of world Jewry during the war were rooting for a German victory because of the czar's mistreatment of Jews. However, establishing Bolshevism would have been a different goal, and not one the Warburgs would have had given that they were capitalists. That does give some credibility to Sutton's argument though. And Sutton does say in the book that he thinks international financiers helped the Bolsheviks for economic, not ideological reasons. They did not want the Bolsheviks to win and actually also aided the Romanovs and there supporters in order to "play both sides against the middle." So he is a little more rational than more extreme conspiracy theorists such as Glenn Beck.
August 4, 2023
Un fárrago ininteligible e indigesto de notas diplomáticas, mensajes telegráficos e indicios que no conducen a nada. Por eso me detuve en su lectura en múltiples ocasiones. A estas alturas queda claro que los empresarios pueden ser suicidas, sin embargo siempre buscarán hacer negocios con quién sea y esto no debería conmover ni a bolcheviques ni a libertarios, es parte de su función. El hecho que hubiera una trama por parte de comerciantes y accionistas de Wall Street para apoyar la marea roja a estas alturas no es un fenómeno insólito pero Sutton la vende como una conspiración satánica. Tampoco se puede ya obliterar que el gobierno wilsoniano tenía filias socializantes que favorecieron a los bolcheviques. No recomiendo la lectura de este libro.
August 20, 2016
The past informs the present and this is a highly relevant book in terms of the current Syrian conflict. Sutton presents material which clearly shows the Janus faced nature of the support for Russian factions after the Tsar was toppled. Many connections and networks are drawn and new names are introduced to the reader. Where this book is weak is in the way that the reader is neverly properly engaged, the writing is lacklustre and the very interesting material never gets properly contextualised.
November 11, 2012
A Must Read
May 27, 2024
probably nonsense...
I did not read this book, but Mr Sutton was reportedly kicked out of the Hoover Institute for excessive drug use. I was told that by chatGPT
I did not read this book, but Mr Sutton was reportedly kicked out of the Hoover Institute for excessive drug use. I was told that by chatGPT
January 7, 2015
Fascinating. Sheer brilliance! Communism isn't what most of us think it is.
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