[9/10]
Do you think it’s easy for us, we solitary ones, we attic dwellers and noontime dreamers, with the mark of midnight on our brow?
Where do we go when reality turns dreary, grey and repetitive, when the daily strife seems pointless and soul crushing? A visit to the Barnum Museum might help. We might get lost crossing its M. C. Escher architecture of twisted rooms with shifting doorways and branching stairways leading into the unknown, but Millhauser’s cabinet of curiosities invites the reader ... to believe that the world outside the museum is a delusion and that only within its walls is a true life possible.
We know nothing except that we must. We walk the familiar and always changing halls now in amusement, now in skepticism, now seeing little but cleverness in the whole questionable enterprise, now struck with enchantment.
If the Barnum Museum were to disappear, we would continue to live our lives much as before, but we know we would experience a terrible sense of diminishment.
My first visit to the meta-fictional universe of Steven Millhauser was full of surprises, most of them pleasant, only rarely repetitive and boring. Most importantly, this collection is, like the stories of Italo Calvino, a challenge and an invitation to the reader to become an active participant in the creative process, with the author only providing a guiding hand and a few landmarks, all the interpretative labour left to the done by the visitor. [ ... attempts have been made to disguise or blur the intermingling of passages and create confusion in the unwary wanderer. ]
As we progress from one story to the next, it becomes evident that these are not random episodes or simple exercises in style, but variations on the themes of the labyrinth and on the porous border between reality and dream. My own pet interpretation is that the Barnum Museum represents literature made architecture.
A Game of Clue [4/5] is exactly what it says on the cover: the description of a session of puzzle solving, made easier to unravel for me by a recent replay of the classic 1985 comedy. Millhauser captures the frantic pace and the confusion of the twisted plot, but adds his own signature moves of mingling fictional space with real space and with the inner mindscapes of both players and board actors.
The flatness of the board startles him: it is a depthless world, devoid of shadow. There are no rooms, no doors, no secret passages, only the glare of the overhead light on the black lines, the yellow spaces. For a moment he wants to shout: is that all? is that all?
Behind the Blue Curtain [4/5] moves the setting from the game board to the silver screen of an old movie theatre, where a young boy experiences something similar to Woody Allen’s “Purple Rose of Cairo” shift in reality.
The beings behind the curtain had nothing to do with childish flip-books or the long strips of gray negatives hanging in the kitchen from silver clips. They led their exalted lives beyond mine, in some other realm entirely, shining, desirable, impenetrable.
The Barnum Museum [5/5] gives not only the title, but is the true anchor of the collection, an exuberant celebration of diversity and weirdness, a playful-serious exploration of yearning coupled with anxiety.
The meaning of the exhibits is obscure. It is possible that the directors of the museum wish to enhance the reality of the other displays by distinguishing them from this one? Or is it rather that the directors here wittily or brazenly allude to the nature of the entire museum? Another interpretation presents itself: that the directors intend no meaning, but merely wish to pique our interest, to stimulate our curiosity, to lure us by whatever means deeper and deeper into the museum.
The references to M. C. Escher and my own parallels with the style of Calvino were reinforced by the use of first-person plural narration, by the ironic tone and by the deliberate deconstruction of the story into the role of fiction in our lives. The more books we read, the more we want to add to our collection.
It is said that if you enter the Barnum Museum by a particular doorway at noon and manage to find your way back by three, the doorway through which you entered will no longer lead to the street, but to a new room, whose doors give glimpses of further rooms and doorways.
I would argue that we are most sharply aware of our town when we leave it to enter the Barnum Museum, without our museum, we would pass through life as in a daze or dream.
The Sepia Postcard [4/5] has a lonely traveller to a sea-side resort in the rainy off-season, where he manages to discover a new labyrinth in a tiny bookstore [ ... a warren of small rooms connected by short dark passages lined with books. ], a more whimsical and sad version of the Barnum mega-structure.
There is a poetry of old postcards, which belong in the same realm as hurly-gurdy tunes, merry-go-round horses, circus sideshows, silent black-and-white cartoons, tissue-paper-covered illustrations, old movie theaters, kaleidoscopes, and storm-faded figureheads of women with their wooden hair blown back.
The Eighth Voyage of Sindbad [4/5] reminds me of an earlier lecture this year from John Barth, another American deconstructionist. Like Barth, Millhauser explores multiple variations of the art of the storyteller with the help of the traditional template from the Arabian Nights.
Klassik Komix #1 [3/5] is one of the stories that left me less convinced about the author’s effort to make a paper labyrinth by describing in words each panel picture of a comic album, an eminently visual art form. The story does have its own charm in the way it lets the characters in the comic album gain free will and self-awareness.
Rain [5/5] is a little shorter than the other novellas, but more impressive to me, in a Ray Bradbury fashion, for the poetry of loneliness and its more clear horror flavour.
The rain was falling harder. It hammered against the car top like sharp fingernails drumming against a metal table. Who will come? No one comes, no one will ever come, though the fingernails drum drum drum against the metal table.
Alice, Falling [3/5] introduces a vertical labyrinth under the influence of erratic gravity, a tunnel whose walls are filled with household items. Falling slowly down is Alice from Lewis Carroll’s famous portal fantasies.
But if the fall never ends, then everything is changed: the fall itself becomes the adventure, and the tunnel through which she is falling becomes the unknown world, with its magic and mystery.
The stream of conscience from Alice touches on the real friendship between Lewis Carroll and the children who inspired him. Intellectually, I responded positively to the exercise, but frankly by this time I was starting to get bored by the endless repetitions of the labyrinth and by the extended, detailed descriptions of ordinary items.
The Invention of Robert Herendeen [4/5] is an oddball variation of the Pygmalion myth, with a young man who takes refuge from the world into his own mind. His powerful imagination conjures a beautiful woman, builds her a house and a history.
We are such stuff and nonsense as dreams are made of.
His creation becomes so life-like that he is unable to make the distinction between the real and the imaginary world, while the woman gains free will and rebels against the life scripted by her creator.
Eisenheim the Illusionist [5/5] ends the collection on a high note, with the most coherent and complex plot, the most polished lead character and the inevitable conclusions of the meta-fictional exercise.
Stories, like conjuring tricks, are invented because history is inadequate to our dreams, but in this case it is reasonable to suppose that the future master had been profoundly affected by some early experience of conjuring.
Like Mr. Herendeen in the previous novella, the magician Eisenheim captures the audience’s imagination with impossible feats of imagination, conjuring real people with the power of his mind. It’s exactly what a writer of fiction does for us readers, isn’t it? Or is all a trick of the light?
In this the master illusionist was rejecting the modern conjurer’s increasing reliance on machinery and returning the spectator to the troubled heart of magic, which yearned beyond the constricting world of ingenuity and artifice toward the dark realm of transgression.
Are dreams a dangerous form of transgression, a sick retreat from our real life? or a coping mechanism, a way of enriching our existence?
The police of the Hapsburg empire want to arrest Eisenheim as a trickster and a subversive influence on the population, maintaining ... that certain distinctions must be strictly maintained. Art and life constitute one such distinction; illusion and reality, another. Eisenheim deliberately crossed boundaries and therefore disturbed the essence of things.
Even today as in 1900, some people want to ban books and to cancel authors who dare to explore tabu subjects or who claim that imaginary worlds are there to teach us how to live better in the real world. I believe the essence of things is to change, and not to become stagnant (I’m reading Octavia Butler right now, by the way) and that provocative stories like these here are a healthy exercise of the imagination.