Gurlesque is an anthology of poetry edited by Lara Glenum and Arielle Greenberg. While the Gurlesque aesthetic is loosely defined, all of the poems (and the selections of visual art) fall somewhat into the term, coined by Greenberg in 2001. In her introduction she charts how she was reading a lot of poetry by women as a graduate student and began to notice trends, or “ghosts.” The Gurlesque can deal with, and often does, young women’s experiences, the female body, and “America as a rape culture.” But, Greenberg notes, “there appeared almost no trace of the earnestness, sensitivity or self-seriousness that marked many such poems stemming from Second Wave feminism. She charts the movement emerging as a response to phallocentric countercultures, paying special attention to the Riot Grrl, fed up with the overload of testosterone that permeated “punk.” The Riot Grrl, “wanted to take back language, take back girlhood, take back their lives.” She ends her introduction by questioning the very word “girly,” emphasizing how it can be empowering and problematic by listing all the things it can be, then telling us, “Take the girly. Shake it up. Make a milkshake. Make it throw up.” The Gurlesque embraces stigmas and the feminine, but does so while violently attacking it and questioning all that has created it.
Glenum brings a more theoretical approach to her examination, calling upon the likes of Baudrillard, Butler, and Foucault to form a critical analysis of how the Gurlesque functions. For her the power of the Gurlesque lies in its ability to harness negative or reductive imagery to a point of parody, thus harnessing them to attack themselves. Burlesque shows, before their Vaudville incarnation in the 1930s were a forum for women to perform their femininity to an extreme degree, using it to create a world entirely their own, a bizarre fantasy world where anything could happen. Through self parody the Gurlesque poet refuses to acknowledge an “I” or a true self at the center of their performance. The Gurlesque poet, for Glenum, luxuriates in the conflicting desires and influences that come together to form an image of identity. Rather than trying to get to the center of this jumble of influences, the Gurlesque poet harnesses them, “they are to be savored and tapped for their cultural power” Glenum notes.
She also examines how Gurlesque poetry harnesses power of the cute and the Grotesque. By appearing vulnerable the cute brings out the sadistic drives of anyone who engages with it. For Glenum and obsession with cuteness can be caused by people seeing their own vulnerability in the cute rather than their own innocence. Use of the grotesque in Gurlesque is intended to defy masculine aesthetics and normative ways of thinking of the body. It parodies the ways in which the body has been written on, as with burlesque, to the end of denying an idea of a pure or true body.
The poems in the anthology generally work within this framework, but each poet attacks the issues in unique ways. There is a brief interlude in the middle of visual art which expresses the text as images nicely.