Who should read Coercive Control: How Men Entrap Women in Personal Life by Evan Stark?
1. Certainly any heterosexual woman who - like me - has been or is currently in a relationship (or situationship) with a cis man in which she feels any more than the rarest conflict, judgement, guilt, shame, helplessness, or frustration/anger based on patterns within the relationship.
2. Anyone who feels held back, trapped, taken advantage of, "less than," imposed upon, manipulated, isolated, lied to, or otherwise limited or controlled within their relationship.
3. Anyone who is or has experienced intimate partner violence/psychological abuse/domestic abuse. To avoid getting lost in the various definitions here, I'll take the liberty of saying this means anyone who is experiencing any type of behavior from a domestic partner which negatively impacts their wellbeing (typically mental health).
4. The partners of these women*.
5. All my feministas out there!
6. Anyone who lives in a society where gendered social injustice still exists.
7. Based on #6, if you're a human reading this review than this book applies to you.
*This book is intentionally gendered and narrowly focuses on heterosexual relationships. The author sets out to very systematically document the history, definition, harms, and proposed solution to what is by nature a gendered issue as he presents it. He fully acknowledges this and compares it to focusing on blacks (and only blacks) during the civil right movement. Thus he correctly states that social justice reform designed to address coercive control must be well-defined and very specific in focus in order to be successful. He briefly covers homosexual relationships toward the end of the book, correctly identifying that something like coercive control often plays out in these relationships as well but is most often doing so in different ways or significantly influenced by other relationship dynamics unique to these relationships (the varied social pressures exerted on these communities, unique mental health challenges, etc. etc.). He states that coercive control in non-heteronormative relationships is just as important to address, but is not within the scope of his book.
I initially had some very mixed feelings about what felt like a glaring omission, but came to appreciate the wisdom of Dr. Stark's approach. This was the first book to identify coercive control and to propose criminalizing it as such, along with suggesting social support resources for both victims and perpetrators. This in and of itself was a monumental task - which he accomplished brilliantly - and the unfortunate reality is that to bite off more would have de-powered the strength of his message and proposed solutions. As it was, writing and researching this book took him 10+ years. A second, updated edition was published in 2023, which Dr. Stark followed with Children of Coercive Control just prior to his death at age 82 in 2024.
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“Coercive control entails a malevolent course of conduct that subordinates women to an alien will [most specifically that of their intimate partner] by violating their physical integrity (domestic violence), denying them respect and autonomy (intimidation), depriving them of social connectedness (isolation), and appropriating or denying them access to the resources required for personhood and citizenship (control).” -Evan Stark, Coercive Control
Before reading this well-researched and dense but very readable book I thought I had a reasonably thorough understanding of domestic violence and gender inequality. Afterward? Talk about a world view shift. (And, more personally, I felt seen - and had gained my own clarity - for the first time.)
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"The victim becomes a hostage in an unreal world created by the abuser, entrapped in a world of confusion, contradiction, and fear." - Evan Stark, Coercive Control
Yes. So much yes! This was my reality, the sum total of my world, up until late last year. Yet this type of injustice from someone I loved very deeply (and who thought he loved me very deeply) was so unimaginable - even and especially as I was living it - that I became further stuck. Further enmeshed. Further confused. Socially isolated. And silent.
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“Asking clients, 'Is there someone in your life making you afraid? or 'Controlling what you do or say?' promises an even more profound awakening than asking women about violence.”
-Evan Stark, Coercive Control
This resonated because despite the fact that I was lying to my physical therapist about the "misstep" over the weekend that had re-injured my ankle, somehow the standard question "Do you feel safe at home?" from my healthcare providers never truly sunk in (until the end); however, I would like to think that these rephrased questions about intimate partner violence would have prompted a more reflective, honest, and accurate answer about the widespread physical and mental oppression I was living under.
My feelings were constantly being questioned or manipulated. My thoughts and opinions were not my own, and certainly not "allowed" to be private. My reality was always up for debate. I was questioned about my time and my physical needs. I was not allowed to have my own physical space, nor privacy. My career was affected. My life was no longer my own. And yes, I was also getting pushed around physically. Yet I mistakenly and steadfastly believed no closed fists = no domestic violence, or at the very least it "wasn't that bad."
I was optimistic that we could find our way back to the way things "could be." I loved him. I felt bad for him.
I was "OK" with giving up my needs for his. And I gave up everything, until there was nothing left to give.
Then I was ashamed to admit the truth, and was sure it made me a failure.
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“...in stifling their liberty and obstructing access to rights, coercive control prevents women from practicing freedom. This is the essential wrong that demands correction.” -Evan Stark, Coercive Control
The author goes on to write that women should have “the opportunity for true personhood” and have the right to “a space where self development, consciousness, and decisional autonomy can thrive." In the first section of the book he demonstrates that the domestic rights movement, which began in the 1970's, has been in a prolonged stall and that the benefits of the original focus on reducing violence have been exhausted. Instead, he argues, it is long past time to shift the focus to restoring women's rights. He proposes that a second movement focused on addressing coercive control should aim to restore women's rightful freedoms, including self-expression of women's “intellect, interest, tastes and personality," return opportunities to restart “forestalled life projects," and allow them to experience and express “dignity, capacity, and creative expression," along with “desire, reason, and imagination." He goes on to discuss methods of criminalizing coercive control.
In a word: brilliant.
It is very evident that Dr. Stark cared deeply about social justice and the women and children who are harmed by men in their personal lives. And he dedicated his life to enacting change, whether it be by opening his own home to battered women and children, providing expert testimony in the courtroom, or supporting updated domestic violence laws and social programs.
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One final note about why I chose to share some of my own story in this review: I wanted to illustrate what Dr. Stark and many others have described, that by necessarily and dramatically portraying Ike and Tina Turner-style domestic violence the movement was in many ways successful. However this focus has unfortunately also been a disservice to victim survivors of intimate partner violence that looks different, yet can be just as damaging. Because our society focuses on battered women in domestic violence, like me many women minimize - or perhaps don't even identify - the injustices they endure if physical violence is "minor" or absent. As Dr. Stark details, women who endure physical violence without psychological abuse often emerge more emotionally and psychologically intact than those who endure more severe forms of coercive control. Research shows that even milder forms of chronic coercive control can cause long lasting psychologic harms. Just because it "isn't that bad" or you are "strong enough to handle it" doesn't mean it's not hurting you, often in ways you don't fully understand until much later. Giving away pieces of your freedom, your agency, your autonomy, your identity, etc. to preserve the peace is NOT ok.