I read Orringer’s “Pilgrims” for a fiction class several years ago and thought it was one of the best on the syllabus, so I’m disappointed that I found The Invisible Bridge so dependably awful. I guess I’ll still try to read How To Breathe Underwater someday but it is now occupying a place on my ‘to-read’ shelf with considerably less urgency.
First, the good things. There were good things. I had to keep reminding myself how exceptional some of those good things were when I was literally groaning at the ceiling in my apartment after finishing another chapter with one of those R.L. Stine-esque howlers of final lines.
Julie Orringer is a good writer. She’s almost a very good writer. She is clearly an intelligent one, one who values the rich narrative sprawl of a well-populated epic, and the research evident in this novel is remarkable. Her descriptive prose is top-notch--off the top of my head, I remember the infant’s face as a pink asterisk, his hand a starfish; a woman’s black shoes are a pair of quarter-notes. She would make a fantastic Imagist poet. She boasts a real command of diction, reminding me of Jonathan Franzen or Michael Chabon with her enviable ability to insert specific, intelligent vocabulary into passages without sounding affected. The use of architecture as a metaphor for her craft was always clever.
The bad?
Well, for starters, there’s the dialogue, choppy and toneless. It sounds as though Orringer is trying to mimic ‘foreign speech’ by compressing her characters’ thoughts into subtitles.
And then there are the characters. Oh Lordy Lord, those characters.
So, you’ve heard of the numinous Negro? Well, nearly every character in this novel was a sort of secularized, Judaistic rendition of that obnoxious and predictable trope. Let’s review the dramatis personae:
ANDRAS: idealistic and naïve, wise, forgiving, noble, self-sacrificing
KLARA: devoted, occasionally sullen, wise, forgiving, noble, self-sacrificing
TIBOR: bright, reserved, wise, forgiving, noble, self-sacrificing
POLANER: sensitive, wise, forgiving, noble, self-sacrificing
There’s a case to be made for Klara as a Manic Pixie Dream Girl, and Polaner—oh, Christ, Polaner. The depiction of homosexuality in this book was so insulting and dated you would think Orringer was a freshman in high school who just emerged doe-eyed with earnestness from a civics class on tolerance. Gay characters are sensitive, easily identifiable (They like silk!), meek and troubled, maternal, and seem to exist only so Andras and his crew (and by extension, the author) can impress us with how forward thinking they are. I would have paid anything (other than the list price for this damn book) for a full subplot with Ben Yakov weighing his homophobia against his sense of Jewish fraternity after the assault Lemarque made on Polaner and hence, their community. Because, you know, that would have been actually interesting. But Orringer seems so averse to making any of the earmarked-‘Good’ characters even a little unlikeable that they’re all indistinguishably bland.
Let’s not forget Lucia—a young African immigrant, she is beautiful, gifted, and kind. Other than that, we don’t know much about her. She’s whisked off to America, another minor character about the size of Novak’s wife. Which wouldn’t be a problem if Orringer didn’t seem so insistent on racking up all of the liberal guilt pat-on-the-back points she could muster from this girl while simultaneously playing that same old tune, the “Not Actually Giving the Non-White Person a Personality Rag”. Does Lucia ever get angry? Does she lie? Does she daydream? In white guilt land, we don’t need to learn any of those things—we only smile about how wonderful it is that Orringer gave us a pretty, bright African woman whom everyone loves, and nobody knows.
Orringer never gets inside her characters. Not one of them feels like a living, thinking human. They don’t inhabit any emotional states—instead they possess emotions like cheap baubles, distractedly passed from palm to palm, eventually misplaced and never missed. We’re constantly told that Klara is sad, or that Andras is angry—but they never FEEL sad or angry. In the middle of any argument we’re informed, bewilderingly, as though we need to be assuaged, that Andras realizes he’s being irrational and the crisis dissipates. He’s an emotional Forrest Gump of a protagonist, and following him through the horrors of WWII comes to feel pretty quickly like you’re trapped on a tour bus, and Orringer won’t dare let you out to feel anything other than the mildest of dread. The evil takes place largely behind the scenes, and every military officer Andras encounters is the second coming of Oskar Schindler. This is a plot device that loses all emotional impact the eleventh time it happens.
Characters’ values aren’t challenged. They witness unspeakable events, but they don’t change. They don’t have flaws. They aren’t impatient or unreliable or mean or self-righteous. How much realer Ilana would have seemed, how much more painful her death could have been to the reader, if we’d been told that she had a laugh that grated on Klara’s patience or that she fought with another tenant of their ghetto. Instead, we’re given a saint. Saints die, and in fact we expect it of them. Ilana, like every other major character in the book, came as ready made for canonization as though she’d dropped off an assembly line. Real saints have their passions, their madnesses, their rages and inconsistencies. The characters of The Invisible Bridge are their illustrated counterparts in a Sunday School classroom.
Orringer wants to borrow the gravitas from the setting, from every other book or film or account we know about that wretched hell rotting near the center of the twentieth century without having the courage to show us anything truly dark, and the story becomes thoroughly suspenseless. At times the structure—with its hokey rhythms of obstacle-SUSPENSE?!-solution, obstacle-SUSPENSE???!!-solution, SHOCKING FINAL LINE!—frustratingly resembled a young adult thriller, and was just as easy to predict. Does anyone doubt for a single page that Andras and Klara would end up together with both children, all healed and alive?? Or, and here’s the big one for me: that Matyas was coming home? I could see that Color-Purple-rip-off of a tearful reunion coming from so far away it was like it was being ushered through the pages by a goddamned Mardi Gras parade. If I’d played a drinking game involving the number of times Matyas’s absence is mentioned thick with wistful portent I would have woken up married in Las Vegas by now.
We realize very early that Orringer is a sucker for small acts of mercy against a backdrop of suffering, of powerful, ‘unexpected’ good news that becomes tiresomely predictable. She can’t get enough of it. She puts it everywhere. When I think of scenes in literature that made me weep and cheer, I think of moments like the aforementioned Celie/Nettie scene in the Color Purple, or the final scene of the Known World that had me crying so hard I couldn’t read through my tears. Powerful moments that emerge from an ugly world where the author makes it clear she wouldn’t think twice about offing the entire cast of characters. These scenes work if you get one or two of them. Orringer tries to milk one out of nearly every chapter. After a while I felt Pavlovically conditioned to expect good news whenever anything bad happened (Andras has to get a new dangerous job looking for mines? nothing bad happens, and he gets better food. Tibor loves Ilana? Conveniently, she doesn’t love Ben and he doesn’t love her and she loves Tibor too so no one has to get hurt or look like a bad guy). It’s like getting a lollipop after a flu shot, and it truly never ceases. There are tragedies—Andras loses his parents, his brother, and his brother’s family—but Orringer writes about them with a detached lyricism, as though she were already imagining the wide-angle, washed-out shot with the John Williams score in the film adaptation; as though she sort of wants us to find it beautiful. In Zadie Smith’s essay on Netherland, she criticizes O’Neill’s tendency to conceal the twin towers in literary language. I didn’t know what she meant by that then, but I think I do now. It’s what The Invisible Bridge does to the Second World War.
From the epilogue and acknowledgements, you learn much of the novel was based on Orringer’s family’s own experience, and maybe that explains why the characters felt flatly perfect. Beloved family members are the first people you learn to mythologize and the last people you see clearly. I’m certain Julie Orringer is lovely and her family is wonderful, and their true story is absolutely incredible, but we’re talking about the craft of fiction here: I genuinely disliked this novel and couldn’t wait for it to be over.