Jean-Baptiste Chautard (1858-1935) was a French Trappist monk and abbot, and an ordained priest in the Roman Catholic Church. His book, The Soul of the Apostolate, is considered a classic of Catholic devotional literature. The "apostolate" in Catholic terminology doesn't refer to the original apostles but to the ministry of those, usually laity, who are "sent" into the world to evangelize and do good works. The "soul" of the apostolate, according to Chautard, is the interior life. The interior life is set in contrast with "exterior" works. The interior/exterior division would correspond roughly to what evangelicals or Protestants typically call "personal devotions" or "quiet times" (interior) and "ministry" or perhaps even "vocation" (exterior). Chautard's thesis is that the interior life is what gives life-transforming power to one's ministry. If you engage in all the outward activities of ministry without a strong interior life of contemplation, prayer, and communion with God, all the outward ministry will lose spiritual power and become ineffectual, a mere going through the motions of outward ritual or activity.
As a Protestant, I found some aspects of the book a bit uncongenial. There were a lot of references to 19th century Catholic figures. Aquinas, Bernard, and Bonaventure are quoted frequently. Chautard seemed to be particularly impressed with the piety of Pope Pius X (1903-1914), whom he quotes a lot. Said pope returned the favor and his warm recommendation is printed in the front pages of my edition of Chautard's book. In addition to heavily quoting Catholic writers, the book is clearly addressed to Catholics and describes the interior life in terms of Catholic practices and Catholic piety. All Scripture quotes are from the Vulgate. The emphasis on Marian devotion was particularly off-putting.
But all that is the external trappings of a Catholic body within which resides a truly Christian soul. In spite of those Trappist trappings, I found the book helpful to me as a Protestant who desires to develop a better interior or devotional life of prayer and communion with God. Here are some of the things I took away from the book that were helpful to me.
First, I liked Chautard's teaching on the life of Christ in us and the need to actively pursue a living relationship with Christ. He bases his whole book on the teaching of Jesus in the Fourth Gospel. "I came that they may have life and have it abundantly" (John 10:10). He refers frequently to the parable of the vine and the branches (John 15). He writes:
"I would deprive myself of one of the most powerful means of acquiring this interior life if I did not strive to have in my heart a precise, lively faith in this active presence of Jesus in my soul: especially to obtain that this presence be to me a living reality, penetrating more and more into the life of my faculties. Jesus becoming in this way my light, my ideal, my counsel, my support, my resource, my strength, my healer, my consolation, my joy, my love, in a word, my life, I shall acquire all virtues" (p. 16).
The Trappist monks were a reform of the Cistercians, and the Cistercians were a monastic reform movement led by Bernard of Clairvaux. It is not surprising then to hear echoes of Bernard in this Trappist monk.
Second, Chautard's emphasis on the importance of the Eucharist in shaping and informing one's personal devotional life was good. Of course, I don't hold to the Roman Catholic view of transubstantiation or the idea that the mass is a sacrifice or the idea that the priest is "another Christ" who says, "This is *my* body" (not "This is the body of Christ") - ideas which of course do come up in the book. Yet you don't have to agree with those specific Catholic doctrines to appreciate the basic idea that frequent communion ought to be the norm for the Christian, and that the more we come to receive Christ in the sacrament the more we will grow in our personal devotion to Christ and develop a living relationship with him. Chautard says, "The Eucharistic life is the life of our Lord in us" (p. 178). "The Liturgy is the School of the Presence of God, and of the Presence of God as He has shown it in the Incarnation! Or rather, the School of the Presence of Jesus and of Charity" (p. 241).
Third, Chautard describes the interior life as more than just the spiritual disciplines (use of the sacraments, prayer, Scripture reading, having a spiritual director, etc.). The spiritual disciplines are very important to maintaining the interior life, but the interior life itself is something deeper. The interior life is prayerfulness, but it is more than being prayerful. It is communion with the Triune God, focusing specifically on the soul's life with, in, and under Christ crucified and risen. It is a relationship with the living Christ. And it is communion with Christ with the aim of seeking greater conformity to Christ, or what we would call sanctification. Thus Chautard speaks at length about the importance of self-examination, searching out one's sins, repenting of them, and seeking to grow in holiness and virtue, not by doing anything in the first place but by talking to the Lord about it and seeking a changed heart that longs to do his will and be more holy just as he is holy.
Fourth, I like Chautard's teaching on the mystery of the cross. The interior life has to do with the affections and the will. Our affections must go out to Christ, in view of his love when he gave himself to us on the cross. Our wills must submit to Christ in order to endure suffering, to be conformed to him in his sufferings, and to learn the sweetness of submitting to God's will, just as Jesus who yielded to the Father, "Yet not my will, but thy will be done." Chautard writes: "The sole end of all interior life [is] to put to death the old man, so that Thou, O Jesus, mayest live and reign in his place" (p. 218).