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Pluriverso: um dicionário do pós-desenvolvimento

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Ashish Kothari, Ariel Salleh, Alberto Acosta, Arturo Escobar e Federico Demaria são todos intelectuais-ativistas ou militantes-intelectuais envolvidos em intensas disputas políticas, e buscam superar o bloqueio imaginativo da esquerda mobilizando experiências práticas, projetos e cosmovisões dos cinco continentes e dos mares do mundo — “tantos vigores dispersos”, lembra Gioconda Belli, ecoando Rubén Darío. A diversidade de vozes que se expressa em Pluriverso constrói um panorama no qual vislumbramos outra humanidade — muito mais positiva do que aquela que nos apresenta o mundo saturado de informações e espetáculos à nossa volta — e a Terra que nos abraça.

O mosaico que constitui o Pluriverso toma como epígrafe um extrato da declaração zapatista de 1997: “O mundo que queremos é um mundo onde caibam muitos mundos”. Esta ruptura epistemológica com as esquerdas dogmáticas, homogeneizadoras e hierárquicas se tornaria, dois anos depois, um fio vermelho de estruturação do altermundialismo que explodiria nas revoltas contra as instituições de governança da globalização neoliberal. Hoje, após duas décadas, esta é, muito mais do que antes, a única aposta racional para a construção de alternativas sistêmicas ao deserto neoliberal que produz bilhões de derrotas humanas e abre caminho para Trump, Bolsonaro e Modi. A multiplicação de paradigmas de esperanças e utopias concretas é também a única forma de mobilizar as energias necessárias não só para se revoltar contra o atual estado de coisas mas também para construir afirmativamente outro mundo.

Ao contrário de uma aparente cacofonia, de um ecletismo incoerente, a polifonia orquestrada pelos editores de Pluriverso revela-se uma inovação metodológica importante. A abordagem não poderia ser mais pedagógica, com a organização dos verbetes e de sua proposta em três partes: (i) O desenvolvimento e suas crises: experiências mundiais; (ii) Universalizar a Terra: soluções reformistas; e (iii) Um pluriverso dos povos: alternativas transformadoras. Confronta, assim, a tragédia social e ecológica do mundo tanto com os limites e perigos das soluções reformistas quanto com as energias e potenciais das alternativas transformadoras que, ao conviver, interagir e convergir, podem construir outro mundo. Elas emergem da pluralidade de corpos, conhecimentos, vivências e práticas populares na relação entre os seres humanos e da humanidade com a natureza.

— José Correa Leite, na orelha

576 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2019

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Ashish Kothari

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Displaying 1 - 5 of 5 reviews
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January 12, 2021
As there are currently no reviews of the book, I am going to give a more detailed account.

Pluriverse – A Post-development Dictionary is an inspiring and carefully edited work that exemplifies the previously abstract concept of “Pluriverse”.
The meaning of “Pluriverse” is established in the introduction, as a world in which many worlds fit (this is actually a definition inspired by the Zapatista movement in Mexico, that I found in other books by Arturo Escobar and it stuck in my head. The book gives a more detailed explanation). It is basically a concept that allows the co-existence of multiple alternative views on life, as opposed to “Universe” which is uni-versal, as its name says.

The book is divided into three parts (besides the foreword and introduction). The first part comprises of a set of critical views on development, one from each continent, in line with the pluriversal logic. Now this one-voice-one-continent thing may be a bit arbitrary, but it is a good start.

The second part debunks various Western-generated solutions or proposed mindsets to the contemporary social and environmental crisis, that are said to be “universally” valid and are pushed to the non-Western world. E.g. the Circular Economy, Earth System Governance, Smart Cities, Neo-Extractivism, Lifeboat Ethics etc.

The third part consists of about a hundred three to four-page entries about alternatives from the Pluriverse.
The concepts listed are quite heterogenous, as they may refer to traditional or modern practices from around the world (e.g. Moroccan Agdals), lines of critical thought (Ecofeminism), social movements (Transition Movement), worldviews (Islamic Ethics) or even academic disciplines (Social Ecology). It is not a complete list, but it is probably the most comprehensive account of what the pluriverse entails that currently exists between the covers of the same book.

The book is a dictionary, so it doesn't read like a narrative or even a regular academic book, but it is an excellent introduction to a lot of concepts.
All entries were prepared by an academic or activist, many well-known in their field.
The entries are followed by a short bibliography, for further reference.

All in all, an excellent initiative outlining an incomplete but in the making global tapestry of alternatives. Finally!
Profile Image for Kendrick.
61 reviews1 follower
February 6, 2021
This book provides a lovely starting point for anyone looking at alternatives to our current economic system in addressing environmental/social issues. Thought-provoking to be sure. Neatly packaged essays that make it easy to jump from one to another.
Profile Image for Carol Costa.
11 reviews
March 24, 2021
Great book to get to know many alternatives to the development paradigm
Profile Image for Gizem Kendik Önduygu.
104 reviews124 followers
August 3, 2025
Antalya'dan Bodrum'a Pamukkale Turizm'le geçirdiğim 8 saatlik yolculuğumda okudum. Goodreads'in aradığı review bu değil sanırım. Ama benim goodreads'im sonuçta.

Öyle tek bir evrensel kalkınma tanımı yok. Herkes takılsın diyor. Gerçekten kitaptaki kısa makaleleri yazan herkes de takılmış. Ama çok derine girmeden kabaca yaklaşımlar (olmazsa olmazımız buen vivir'den earth sprituality'e, kürdistandan free software'e bir sürü şey burada) hakkında bilgi edinmek isteyenlere iyi gibi.
Profile Image for Klaire Hoang.
38 reviews3 followers
November 21, 2021
Why is this book over 4 stars on Goodreads must be my biggest question of the year. An awfully written literature in every sense one can possibly think of: lengthy text that can be so easily summarized in one sentence, all buzzwords, nonsense criticism. Honestly, WORST BOOK ever on development
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