Jump to ratings and reviews
Rate this book

新疆:被中共支配的七十年

Rate this book
新疆維吾爾自治區自 1955 年成立之初,中共表示將「解放少數民族」。然而,如今的中共轉而採取嚴厲的統治,將許多人安置在「職業技能教育和培訓中心」,因而備受國際社會譴責。問題是,中共為何如此?是什麼樣的治理過程,導致了對當地的維吾爾人與穆斯林的拘禁?

最初,中共以自治的名義大規模培養少數民族幹部,藉由在群體內創造既得利益者,防止其團結造反。就此而言,中共可說是藉由分裂少數民族來維持其統治。不過從「解放」以降,拒絕歸順中共的群體持續抗爭,近幾十年來,新疆境內外也發生了多次抗議和暴亂。對於這些不滿,中共認為源於地區經濟發展的停滯,若推動發展,不滿將逐步得到解決。

但實際上,發展政策擴大了貧富差距,也導致民族間關係的惡化──尤其,2013 年的天安門汽車襲擊事件和隔年的昆明火車站恐怖襲擊事件,都讓官方認定:為了不讓貧困的少數民族成為「極端主義分子」,就必須加強監控並執行「反恐」政策。於是,中共在新疆建立大型的培訓中心,試圖一舉完成扶貧、也根除恐怖主義,讓少數民族獲得「重生」……

本書爬梳中共在新疆的統治歷程,可謂是新疆從「解放」至今在中共治下的一部通史;在梳理歷史脈絡時,也側重新疆當地的民族幹部地位如何衰退、以及來自內地的漢人幹部的權力上升的過程。更能使讀者明白,自新疆「解放」至今的七十年間,中國共產黨曾經自詡為少數民族的「解放者」,如今卻成為拘禁並改造少數民族的政治力量。

此外,作者也表明,國際間以「種族滅絕」來譴責中共暴行的說法仍有待商榷,實際上維吾爾人的處境比較類似「文化的種族滅絕」,正是因為中共企圖以「再教育」的方式改造維吾爾人「重生」為漢人之故。讀者也能從中得知新疆問題正與蒙古、西藏、香港、臺灣一脈相連,是中國「民族主義」本質作祟、強加「鑄牢中華民族共同體意識」的結果。

272 pages, Paperback

Published February 1, 2023

10 people are currently reading
46 people want to read

About the author

Jun Kumakura

1 book1 follower

Ratings & Reviews

What do you think?
Rate this book

Friends & Following

Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!

Community Reviews

5 stars
2 (7%)
4 stars
12 (46%)
3 stars
12 (46%)
2 stars
0 (0%)
1 star
0 (0%)
Displaying 1 - 7 of 7 reviews
Profile Image for Hasta Fu.
120 reviews2 followers
February 23, 2025
This book which literally translates to “Xinjiang: 70 years under command of CCP” is a book written by Kamakura on the study of Xinjiang's ethnic groups. This is a book randomly picked by me on iLib Reader using Taiwan National Central Library membership just to keep it from being forgotten and inactive, but turns out some random book worth a nice read.

Before reading this book, my understanding about Xinjiang is about the vastness that online shopping seldom gives free delivery coupons. The people of Xinjiang consists of Muslim majority from Uyghur ethnicity. The Uyghur girls from TikTok and other short video platforms are very good looking, which has a blend of Asian and Middle Eastern look.

Xinjiang has been a place of diversified cultures since ancient times and has made many excellent cultural achievements. All ethnic groups in Xinjiang are economically interdependent and embrace each other's cultures.

China in the Cold War era, has tried to make Xinjiang an Autonomous Region, but the local people wanted more a Federated Republic those similar to Uni Soviet.

Zhou Enlai in one of his speech stated that the fled of the people of Xinjiang to Uni Soviet is somehow related to the carelessness of the ruling party that makes life quite difficult for the people in Xinjiang. And after certain period of time, cotton and one other commodity is excluded from the rationing.

China often emphasises that all ethnic cultures that originated in the fertile soil of Chinese civilization have not only promoted their own development but also enriched Chinese culture.

It is funny and stupid that the ruling party tried to enforce a system that the cultures of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang are rooted in the fertile soil of the Chinese civilization and are closely related to Chinese culture. The party try to remove local people from the important decisions. It also only let the local people have a lower rank in the government.

Some research indicates that policies, such as mandatory Mandarin studies, have positively impacted Uyghurs economically but raised difficulties for them in inheriting their ethnic cultures. Students from Xinjiang Autonomous Region were given certain privilege to study in big cities of China, a very good political move from the ruling party.

But after several decades, the latest party leader took a different approach and enacted anti-terrorism policy, and said in the book that cultural genocide has happened in the region which made a lot of people went into rehabilitation camp without having any trial.

Overall, this book tells story from the very early era until the very modern one. It is one rather neutral book to read if you are trying tounderstand Xinjiang.

1 review
December 13, 2025
学术意义
作者在书中梳理了新疆自清朝以来的历史以及新疆与各方势力之间的互动。作者反思了大中华主义的视角,选择处于本土立场。作者试图解释为何新疆并不像官方宣传那样欢迎、赞赏和爱戴中共,否则不会发生那么多的动乱事件,他通过梳理一系列对疆政策得出了结论。
史料运用
在资料上不但引用了很多中国官方出版物,还从被迫害的新疆干部回忆录和不同版本的《王震传》以及学术论文中获取被官方试图隐藏的信息,同时采用了维吾尔人自己的资料还有新晋泄露的官方资料。

主要内容
作者分了八章,序章写的是新疆地区的起源直到1949年之前。后面的章节则是分割了新中国统治的各个不同时期。书中有一条“重点放在这些新疆当地民族干部的地位衰退和来自内地的汉人干部的权力上升过程。”
的线索
主要观点
自新疆「解放」至今的七十年间,中国共产党曾经自诩为少数民族的「解放者」,如今却成为拘禁并改造少数民族的政治力量。此外,作者也表明,国际间以「种族灭绝」来谴责中共暴行的说法仍有待商榷,实际上维吾尔人的处境比较类似「文化的种族灭绝」,正是因为中共企图以「再教育」的方式改造维吾尔人「重生」为汉人之故。
本书特色
以动态的视角来审视新疆的状况,并不是一味变好或者一味变差。还展示了新疆在面对中央政策的特殊性,例如拨乱反正却把以暴力著名的王震平反了。八十年代公布的《民族区域自治法》比较文革及之前时期更加突出自治,虽不彻底,但是也是一种进步。作者肯定了胡耀邦治疆相较温和,肯定了他制定的《讨论新疆工作问题的纪要》。又描述了十分冷门的新疆知青回内地的抗议。作者为我们展示了藏在暴力表象更复杂的背景。
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Profile Image for Gottfried Lee.
19 reviews1 follower
April 18, 2024
閱讀的第一本關於新疆的書籍,但是感覺作者在很多觀念性的東西上沒有思考清楚。就書中所寫給人的印象來看,古代部分與其說是“維吾爾人”的古代史,不如說是這個地區的古代史。如就本書未曾敘述的清代準噶爾部被滅族的史實來說,準部勢力範圍的土地即不可能屬於現在的維吾爾人。近代部分前半個多世紀的歷史就是新疆名義上是中國的,但是總想依賴蘇聯完成獨立。獨立本身並無任何不當,但是過度依賴蘇聯本身也導致了後來被蘇聯拋棄導致不可能獨立。這個結果幾乎是必然的。而且即便被蘇聯接納,如蘇聯不解體,則也始終是附庸國的地位,蘇聯解體后能否不成爲如今日的烏克蘭等,也很難臆料。雖然我支持維吾爾人的獨立建國,而且就目前形勢來看這在中共垮臺之後幾乎是不可避免的,但是不知道大家對獨立的信念支撐方面有沒有考慮清楚。
Profile Image for L.
734 reviews16 followers
July 14, 2023
內容翔實,整理得當,評析公允
Profile Image for 擰發條鳥.
79 reviews1 follower
December 29, 2023
作者有蘇聯史的研究經歷,因此寫到蘇聯對新疆現狀的影響的部分很是驚喜。然而,作者強調自己的「中立」地位,卻忽視在這種權力關係下所講的中立本就是不公平的,再來本書對於那些作者看來「有爭議」的議題更是草草了事,深度非常不夠。
Profile Image for ツツ.
495 reviews9 followers
Read
October 8, 2024
The last pages point out that “genocide” is not an all-encompassing term for the horrors of the modern surveillance state. Indeed, there are things worse than death.
5 reviews
August 5, 2024
作為一個多民族國家,我們其實像中東地區一樣有嚴重的民族間衝突,只是被官方定義為「少部分人」的「分裂主義」、「恐怖主義」和「三股勢力」而被掩蓋。新疆和中國內地的其他省份一樣,在50-80年代被各種政治運動裹挾,最長袖善舞的政治菁英也淪為階下囚/政治犯,更不必說底層人民;改革開放後又被「恐怖主義」和「維穩」籠罩,超千人的示威衝突、75事件後斷網一年、「親戚」制度、職業培訓、以及作者所述「文化的種族滅絕」等等。新疆的飄搖命運是從何而來,獨立建國絕不是解決方案,值得我思考。
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
Displaying 1 - 7 of 7 reviews

Can't find what you're looking for?

Get help and learn more about the design.