Summary:
William Law’s A Serious Call to a Devout and Holy Life urges believers to consider pursuing piously as a comprehensive life task. His influential work specifically explains and describes devotion, especially in regards to times of prayer. He defines a devout man as one “who lives no longer to his own will, or the way and spirit of the world, but to the sole will of God, who considers God in everything, who serves God in everything, who makes all the parts of his common life parts of piety, by doing everything in the Name of God, and under such rules as are conformable to His glory” (7). This definition, he argues, “signifies a life given, or devoted, to God” (7).
Throughout the book, Law argues that devoted and holy living is all encompassing and does not apply only to regularly scheduled worship times, nor does it apply only to members of the clergy. Law offers a holistic approach to life, “As a good Christian should consider every place as holy, because God is there, so he should loo upon every part of his life as a matter of holiness, because it is offered unto God” (34). He makes clear argumentation that all Christians ought to pursue holiness and devout living. This distinction eliminates a separating the “sacred” and the “secular.” In combining the secular elements of life and the sacred elements of life into an all-sacred category before God, he urges Christians to consider why piety is so rare among believers.
Some Christians may be tempted to give push back to Law on this argument, perhaps saying that it is impractical for a non-clergy member to pursue a life as devout and holy as a clergy member, or, that those who are not ordained ministers have more license for pursuing things of this world than those who are ordained ministers. Law responds to such thinking by saying that there is no other kind of devotion that God desires from man than “living devoted to God in the common business of our lives” (41).
He continually compares the contemporary believers of his day to the primitive Christians of the early church; in his comparison he concludes that the difference in lifestyles finds it’s root in a difference of intentionality.
Intentionality, Law argues, is what is lacking. He says that if an individual lacks piety, the person lack piety “neither through ignorance nor inability, but purely because you never thoroughly intended it” (17). He goes on to explain that unless Christians intend daily living as a duty of devotion to God, their daily living will be devoid of devotion to God. He does not say this as though the power for holy living is found in effort alone, because he concedes that people will fall short of the perfection of the Gospel; however, he points out that the average Christian does not come as near to the perfection of the Gospel as he or she could had the person only had sincere intention and careful diligence in daily living.
Daily living, without intentional devotion to God, results in living that cannot make true progress in religion. Law argues that most Christians aren’t living debauched lives that are keeping them from holiness and devotion, but that most Christians simply don’t include holiness and devotion into their lives. “More people are kept from a true sense and taste of religion,” Law writes,” by a regular kind of sensuality and indulgence, than by gross drunkenness” (67). He is writing in this book not to those who take interest in pursuing the “gross and notorious sins” (67), but those who have failed to “put the most common and allowed actions of life under the rules of discretion and piety” (67). Christians don’t miss devotion and holiness because they are drunk or living as a prostitute, but because they do not intentionally pursue the virtues of the Christian life.
Christians often devote much time and energy pursuing hobbies, or studying the details of their vocation, but never put the same amount of effort into studying the details of the Christian faith. Law argues that intentionality requires Christians to study the Christian faith with even more diligence than any studies in occupations or hobbies. Instead, Christians are to give themselves to their vocations only inasmuch as is necessary to glorify God in their work; the Christian’s passions should be devoted to pursing holiness in Christ.
After Law describes the intensity with which Christians ought to devote themselves to holy and devout living, he prescribes the primary method for that living: daily prayer—prayer at formal times during the day and continuous prayer throughout the day. He explains that Christians must prayer in all circumstances, primarily because the act of prayer cultivates affections toward God. This high duty requires that prayer “ought to have a great share in the forming and composing” (153) of private devotions. Prayer, however, takes time. And many Christians do not think that prayer is worth the time that it takes—at least the unhurried, contemplative, intentional prayers that Law prescribes.
Although prayer is time consuming, Law does not give any indication that people who are unusually busy are exempt from lengthy times of prayer. He does indicate that those who are free from the obligations to work for a living should devote themselves to prayer all the more. He explains, “Now though people of leisure seem called more particularly to this study of devotion, yet persons of much business or labour must not think themselves excused from this, or some better method of improving their devotion” (154). Prayer and meditation are those methods of improving devotion that all Christians are responsible to faithfully and thoughtfully pursue.
Law follows these methods of piety by explaining that without humility, they are useless. He teaches that the most difficult part of being humble is that the world teaches the exact opposite of humility, and because people are afraid of what others think about them, humility is hindered by fear. He persuades Christians to stop being afraid what unbelievers will think if they demonstrate true, Christ-like humility. “Will you let the fear of a false world, that has no love for you, keep you from the feat of that God, who has only created you that He may love you and bless you to all eternity?” (189) Christians can rejoice in God’s love and blessing when they cast off fear of man in favor of humble devotion to God.
Finally, Law concludes that devoted, holy living takes into consideration other people. He spends the majority of the book focusing on personal love toward God, but he argues that love toward God alone does not fulfill God’s requirements, “that no love is holy or religious, till it becomes universal” (241).
This book calls Christians to radically holy living, and it has made this call for centuries. I was surprised to read that this book affected John Newton. I was also surprised to read elsewhere that George Whitfield wrote in his journal about thanking God based on Law’s criteria. There were points in my reading that I felt that Law was developing a plan for holy living that is impossible to pursue, and without the energies of Christ, it is impossible to pursue. However, his explanations and illustrations helped me greatly. I especially appreciated the fictional characters he utilized to serve as examples throughout the book.
William Law taught me, “Devotion is nothing else but right apprehensions and right affections towards God” (158). His teaching makes me want to perceive God more biblically and respond to the perception more deeply.