The first American writer as Cover Boy, and a precursor to Dos Passos, Steinbeck and, of course, Hemingway, London (born into poverty) had a short life that roars along like a movie-radio serial: Flash Gordon, Buck Rogers, Capt Marvel, Ace Drummond or Jack Armstrong the All-American Boy ! Each life segment ends with a melodramatic cliff-hanger "til next week" in this, the best of 3 London bios I've read. Can it all be true?? Apparently, yes.
Jack, illegitimate, barely survives a Dickensian childhood in SF-Oakland working for 10 cents/ 12, 15 hours a day stuffing pickles into bottles, setting up pins in a bowling alley, shoveling coal...yet always winning friends because of his beguiling personality -- and keeping bullies at bay, w his small, but muscular frame, and surviving brawls that knock out his teeth. His mother, a crackpot spiritualist, holds seances for money. He finds freedom in books -- Melville, Kipling, Zola -- and sailing boats around San Francisco bay. A fearless, daredevil teen he becomes an oyster pirate and learns all about Life while drinking hard and hitting the saloons in the Tenderloin and along the coast. This seamy side is told with startling lucidity in his stories and novels, along with his 7-months on a schooner to Japan, age 17, a trip to the Klondike for gold (he came back broke) and weeks as a hobo-on-trains across the US, which gets him a month in jail upstate NY. Brutal incidents pushed him toward socialism, which he hoped would make the future better for the poor and outcasts.
When he sat down to write, w Mum's approval, in his early 20s, his spare, naturalistic style -- far removed from the drawing rooms of Edith Wharton & Henry James -- stunned American readers, who quickly wanted more, lots more of Jack London's new, vigorous voice. A friend sent him to the German emigre photographer Arnold Genthe, who recalled, "He had a poignantly sensitive face, his eyes were the eyes of a dreamer.. there was almost a feminine wistfulness about him, yet he gave the feeling of an unconquerable physical force." The Call of the Wild (1903) and The Sea Wolf a year later riveted the public like a one-two punch. Sought after by the press, socialites, bohemians, socialists, the literary poohbahs, he kept to a schedule of 1,000 words a day.
But he was always overburdened with debts : a new wife, an exwife w two daughters, his Mum, a black nurse from childhood -- and he spent, and drank, recklessly. One writer puts it this way, London (1876-1916), "His blazing life resembled that of a miner who hit the mother lode and went on a spree in town." He married his first wife for companionship-a suitable friendship. She turned out to be stodgy and conventional. A randy fella, he was quickly attracted to his 2d (Charmian), who was "up" for anything, even when he taught her to box with him.
This bio discusses his personal vision as told to Charmian:
"There was always something greater that I yearned after.. I had dreamed of the great Man-Comrade...how can I say what I mean? A man who had no smallness or meanness, who could sin greatly, perhaps, but who could as greatly forgive..." Charmian, says the author, accepted his dream. London had a long, close relationship with local poet George Sterling, who was shattered when London married Charmian. London told Sterling that any dream of theirs was "too bright to last." The writer Ambrose Bierce said, "George would not acquaint me with his trouble...something about Jack London, wasn't it?"
London learned early all about the ways of the world. He had to. Once out drinking with his buddies, London reminded them that whether a teen sailor, a hobo on a train or thrown into jail, well, sex happens when men are herded together. "It's a perfectly natural result." But added that he'd always fought off unwanted advances. After beating up a sailor en route to Japan, London, who was pretty well battered, said, now, "Will you leave me alone?"
An extrovert who loved being with people, London knew Upton Sinclair, Ambrose Bierce, Sinclair Lewis and Emma Goldman who praised his "humanity and feeling for the complexities of the human heart." His creative spirit, she reflected, is "the breath of his life." When his health rapidly failed in 1915-1916, he still wrote, acquired ranch land and negotiated movie deals. Charmian remained devoted. The night before he died, his last words to her were, "Thank God, you're not afraid of anything."
London's credo: "The function of man is to live, not to exist...I shall use my time."
His most autobiographical novel, "Martin Eden," (1909) was, he felt, misunderstood, because few realized it was an attack on Nietzsche and his super-man idea. His ideal was of a cleaner, better, nobler world.
Charmian died in 1955. After Jack's death she reportedly had a romance with Houdini.