‘I hear new news every day, and those ordinary rumours of war, plagues, fires, inundations, thefts, murders, massacres, meteors, comets, spectrums, prodigies, apparitions, of towns taken, cities besieged, in France, Germany, Turkey, Persia, Poland, &c., daily musters and preparations, and suchlike, which these tempestuous times afford, battles fought, so many men slain, monomachies, shipwrecks, piracies, and sea-fights, peace, leagues, stratagems, and fresh alarms. A vast confusion of vows, wishes, actions, edicts, petitions, lawsuits, pleas, laws, proclamations, complaints, grievances, are daily brought to our ears. New books every day, pamphlets, currantoes, stories, whole catalogues of volumes of all sorts, new paradoxes, opinions, schisms, heresies, controversies in philosophy, religion, &c.
Now come tidings of weddings, maskings, mummeries, entertainments, jubilees, embassies, tilts and tournaments, trophies, triumphs, revels, sports, plays: then again, as in a new shifted scene, treasons, cheating tricks, robberies, enormous villainies in all kinds, funerals, burials, deaths of Princes, new discoveries, expeditions; now comical then tragical matters. Today we hear of new Lords and officers created, to-morrow of some great men deposed, and then again of fresh honours conferred; one is let loose, another imprisoned, one purchaseth, another breaketh; he thrives, his neighbour turns bankrupt; now plenty, then again dearth and famine; one runs, another rides, wrangles, laughs, weeps, &c.’
__ Robert Burton, Anatomy of Melancholy, quoted by Anthony Powell in A Dance to the Music of Time (12, Hearing Secret Memories)
Nicholas Jenkins, the narrator of ‘A Dance to the Music of Time,’ whose life’s best work was his biography of Robert Burton, winds up the entire 12-volume series with the quote above. It pretty much summarises all the events that take place in the series, including a cataclysmic world war.
‘Dance’ covers a time-span of over forty years, roughly parallel to Proust’s ‘In Search of Lost Time.’ The entire series of novels and novellas comprising Balzac's ‘Human Comedy’ covers a period of some 33 years, from 1815 to about 1848. It took Proust some thirteen years to write his opus, despite his reclusiveness, and both Balzac and Powell some thirty years each, to complete theirs. In his ‘In Search of Lost Time,’ Proust has a cast list of some 2000 persons, although only a handful leave a strong impression in your memory. Balzac’s ‘Human Comedy,’ in its 91 volumes, has an unlisted number of characters. For all that it sounds so formidable, the same people are the driving force behind all of them. Anthony Powell introduces an amazing 300 persons, most of whom are recurring players. For all three, these magnificent romans fleuves were each the one great work that immortalised them.
The statistics I have mentioned are in the public domain and give an idea of the scope and energy that went into these classics. Ever since their publication, they have remained popular despite initial hostile reactions from some critics. All three writers had very different aims in writing, but Proust and Powell are often compared together, partly because their novels are thinly disguised romans-à-clef, and also because their novels range over memories and people from their childhood, detailing the social events at which the main events of the narrative are fixed or converge.
‘A Dance to the Music of Time,’ is full of people who have a mischievous or perverted streak in their make-up, all related by birth or connected by marriage to Jenkins, and all known to each other from their school days, thus forming the base for a social satire of conservative and left-wing dilettanti mostly drawn from the upper classes and a closed circle of friends from school days. As a reasonably successful writer in the book, employed in a publishing firm, Jenkins has a somewhat larger number of acquaintances among politicians, writers, artists and musicians who introduce him to other, quirkier Bohemians. Others, more casual still, are from the Army or from work, making an enormous number of persons to keep track of. Powell and Jenkins have great fun describing the doings of their characters over forty years, their affairs and misadventures, their failures in life as well as their rehabilitation after alcoholism or other causes, frequently their great successes as politicians, authors, sculptors or musicians, their frustrations, their marriages and, gradually, their deaths.
‘Dance’ does not, emphatically, have a linear plot running straight through. A chapter here, a couple of long paragraphs there, might tell you a story about one of the 300 people; pass lightly over it, and it comes back to bite you later, when the dance comes slowly to a stop and the music winds down. Take it too seriously, and nothing comes of it. ‘Dance’ is so much about people that a single plot seems superfluous. While it doesn't pretend to examine the minds and motives of the men and women who run through its pages, its descriptions of their behaviour will forever linger in your memory.
Each of the 300 characters gets their own story, and each story is more absorbing than the next, when you are actually into it. Perhaps the probing insights into the depth of a person’s nature is absent, thanks to the lack of a strict plot line. This makes for tremendous frustration when one is well into the second volume; many readers have abandoned the book at this point, as more and more new names and personalities are offloaded like a truck dumping a ton of coal, and the older names greet the new ones with familiar ease.
To take just one example of the kind of story you find in ‘Dance,’ of a relatively minor character: a childhood schoolmate, Charles Stringham, who showed brilliant promise in academics and boyhood deviltry, ends up an alcoholic after his wife leaves him, but is nursed back to something like sobriety by his mother's paid companion. He enlists as a common soldier in the war, despite his university background, is posted to the same unit as Jenkins, who is horrified at seeing him wait at table in the officers’ mess. Later he is posted to the Far East despite protests from Jenkins, taken prisoner by the Japanese and subjected to unspeakable tortures before he is killed. Stringham’s life runs over at least seven volumes, and his life impinges on the lives and decisions of a half-dozen other people, much more prominent than himself in the narrative.
Only two names recur throughout: that of Jenkins himself, who as observer and occasional participant in the incidents described, has necessarily to be present. Jenkins has almost no personality himself: he is the bit of smoked glass through which we are able to look at the sun during an eclipse. He might tell you that he got married to Isobel Tolland, but we don't often see Isobel, though we are told of her several pregnancies, a rare bit of private life he lets slip. We certainly don't know if they were happy together, or kept changing partners, as everyone else seems to be doing. At one point, he does say that he was taking a son for admission to school, but the name of the boy, his brothers and sisters, are missing. Matters of public knowledge he does mention, the work he did at one period, writing film-scripts, and so on. He admits that his novels, the names of which are never stated (except for the ‘Life of Burton’), have been published, but it is left to others to praise them.
If Jenkins is a nonentity, then the man everybody loves to hate, Kenneth Widmerpool, the other person whose name appears in all twelve volumes, certainly is not. Anthony Powell himself has said somewhere that he meant Widmerpool to be a running joke, but then, Widmerpool gradually rose up and took over the entire series in a manner typical of him. Somewhere along the line, Powell lost control of his clown.
Widmerpool starts out in life at the same school with Jenkins and his two friends, Charles Stringham and Peter Templer. As a boy, he is the stock figure of fun, mediocre in both studies and games. Widmerpool’s response is to apply himself with grim determination to both, and although neither his marks nor his prowess in sport improve, he has learned to recognise his tormentors and harbours life-long grudges which, over a period of forty years, he slowly pays off. In the process, he turns himself into a loathsome but formidable being, unstoppable in his rise to the top, first in the ranks of the bureaucracy and the military, then in business, and then as a left-of-centre Member of Parliament, and finally as a life peer – Lord Widmerpool. He is responsible for acts of great cruelty, entirely within legal boundaries, towards those he perceives as his ill-wishers, but neither is he particularly helpful to those who have never harmed him. While he wants to marry, it is with an eye to the ladder of social ambition, to a class superior to his own, to further his own upward climb. His search ends with his marriage to Pamela Flitton, the niece of none other than our old friend, Charles Stringham. Pamela leads Widmerpool an unhappy dance while she is alive. With her death, coupled with a political scandal that implies collaboration with Burgess and Maclean, Widmerpool leaves for the United States, where he undergoes another metamorphosis, one that will eventually cost him his life.
Critics have reached the unanimous conclusion that Widmerpool is the most interesting negative character in all of Western literature. Businessmen and politicians have claimed the right to be identified as his real-life model, while actors can only dream of ever getting to play Widmerpool - the central role, if you will - of a movie or television serial. Powell himself was careful not to identify anyone as the model for Widmerpool.
The reasons why, despite its formidable length, ‘Dance’ repays the effort and time you take over it are many. The first thing that stands out about it is the interest it takes in people, regardless of how big or small is the part that is finally assigned to them. Their impact may appear to be trivial, especially to a child’s eyes, but sometimes these very characters play a resounding part, even after their death.
There is, in ‘Dance,’ a kind of sly humour, never a laugh-out loud kind, as in Wodehouse, more tongue-in-cheek, deadpan, but always lurking in the shadows. Wartime seems to bring out the best of bawdy stories, jibes at pompous commanding officers, nicknames that are awful, but apt. For all that, Jenkins (or Powell) never forgets the serious nature of the situation of the moment. One of the more horrifying incidents is during the Blitz, when a bomb hits the restaurant where a party of Jenkins's friends are dining, two of whom are among those killed. War brings other tragedies in its wake: the news of a faithless wife has driven more than one soldier in the front lines to drink, murder or suicide. Although he does not go into details about the war, these are the tragedies, the deaths, and the shock of the war, as well as its aftermath and effects on the wealthy families Jenkins grew up with.
If you enjoy your books with a dash of spice, this might be what you are looking for, as men and women change husbands, wives, partners and lovers with amazing ease and rapidity. There is, moreover, a certain openness about homosexuality, given the time it was written. However, there are no salacious descriptions, although one observes that there is more discretion in the earlier portions than after the war.
It seems appropriate to end this review with another quotation from the first book of ‘A Dance to the Music of Time,’ which is actually an explanation of the title:
“These classical projections, and something from the fire, suddenly suggested Poussin's scene in which the Seasons, hand in hand and facing outward, tread in rhythm to the notes of the lyre that the winged and naked greybeard plays. The image of Time brought thoughts of mortality: of human beings, facing outward like the Seasons, moving hand in hand in intricate measure, stepping slowly, methodically sometimes a trifle awkwardly, in evolutions that take recognisable shape: or breaking into seemingly meaningless gyrations, while partners disappear only to reappear again, once more giving pattern to the spectacle: unable to control the melody, unable, perhaps, to control the steps of the dance.”
____ Anthony Powell, ‘Dance to the Music of Time,’
(1, A Question of Upbringing)
In case you find it difficult to keep up with the 300 individuals, their lives, and their ties to Nicholas Jenkins or with each other, I found the following sites and books extremely useful:
1) The Anthony Powell Society; this has Barry Moule’s incomparable Index, as well as a brief summary of each chapter.
2) ‘Invitation to the Dance,’ by Hilary Spurling, invaluable for the complete lists of characters in the book, their identities, what they do and when, and in which volume. Besides this it also has an index of the places, restaurants, private homes, museums and pubs in ‘Dance,’ as well as of the books and works of art, both actual and fictional, mentioned in it. The additional hook is that she wrote this, as well as her own biography of Powell, during his lifetime and had the advantage of consulting him about the entries in ‘Invitation.’ It may not be too much to say they collaborated on it. ‘Invitation to the Dance’ by Hilary Spurling is available for loan on the Internet Archive.