It is a known datum that the style of Achebe's fiction draws profoundly on the oral tradition of the Igbo people. He weaves folk tales into the drapery of his stories, revealing community values in both the content and form of the storytelling.
The tale about the Earth and Sky in ‘Things Fall Apart’, for example, emphasises the interdependency of the masculine and the feminine.
Although Nwoye enjoys hearing his mother tell the tale, Okonkwo's dislike for it is evidence of his imbalance.
Later, Nwoye avoids beatings from his father by pretending to dislike such women's stories.
In ‘No Longer At Ease’, Obi's father Isaac, a Christian convert, brings up his family stringently away from such "heathen" practises. He outlaws his wife Hannah from telling folk stories to his children as "Stories like that are not for the people of the Church." As a result, Obi dreads what he calls "Oral" lessons in school.
During this passé the teacher called on any pupil to tell the class a folk-story. Obi loved these stories but he could not narrate any.
One day the teacher called him to face the class and tell them a story. He was tongue-tied. "Olulu ofu oge" (Once upon a time) he began in the tradition of folk-tales, but that was all he knew.
As the decolonization process unfolded in the 1950s, a deliberation about choice of language erupted and pursued authors round the world: Achebe was no exception.
One school of thought, championed by Ngugi wa Thiong'o, urged the use of indigenous African languages. English and other European languages, he said in 1986, were "part of the neo-colonial structures that repress liberal ideas."
Achebe chose to write in English. As his purpose is to communicate the readers across Nigeria, he uses "the one central language enjoying nationwide currency". Using English also allowed his books to be read in the colonial ruling nations. He refers to James Baldwin's struggle to use the English language to precisely represent his experience, and his realization that he needed to take control of the language and expand it.
Nigerian poet and novelist Gabriel Okara likens the process of language-expansion to the evolution of jazz music in the United States.
Achebe's novels laid a daunting groundwork for this process. By altering syntax, usage, and idiom, he transforms the language into a distinctly African style.
In some spots this takes the form of repetition of an Igbo idea in standard English parlance; elsewhere it appears as narrative asides integrated into descriptive sentences.
The society that Achebe describes is an agrarian one in which the main crop, yam, is synonymous with virility. Achebe explains that this all-important crop stands for manliness and a farmer who can feed his family yams from one harvest to another is a very great man indeed. Consequently, to produce an abundant harvest, the traditional farmer needs a good workforce and women constitute the core of the rural workforce-farming, tending animals, nurturing children.
In Achebe's cultural universe, women are to be seen not heard, coming and going with mounds of foc-foo, pots of water, market baskets, fetching kola, being scolded and beaten before they disappear into the hut of their compound. Women are humped together with children and chickens and cows. While describing a communal ceremony, the all-knowing narrator confesses, "It was clear from the way the crowd stood or sat that the ceremony was for men.
There were many women, but they looked on from the fringe like outsiders". Guiltridden after murdering his surrogate son Ikemefuna, Okonkwo sternly reprimands himself not to "become like a shivering old woman"-this he considers the worst insult. Okonkwo's furious manhood overpowers everything "feminine" in his life, including his own conscience. He views all things feminine as distasteful, in part because they remind him of his father's laziness and cowardice.
The women in the novel, meanwhile, are obedient, quiet and absent from positions of authority-despite the fact that Igbo women were traditionally involved in village leadership.
The same is true of the women in ‘No Longer At Ease’. Of the three female characters, the eighteen-year-old Elsie Mark wants to do everything to get a scholarship to study in England by "seeing" all the members of the Board before her interview to make sure that she is selected. Obi's mother, known as a doer, is subservient to his father who rules the household.
The most significant female character in ‘No Long At Ease’ is the osu girl Clara Okeke. She is as "self-willed" as Obi and her moods are a reflection of her feminity as well as her status as an outcast in a conventional set-up.
She accepts her place in society but is worried about its repercussions on Obi.
That explains why she leaves him after a painful abortion though she loves him and knows that Obi is prepared to defy the existing societal and family norms to marry her.
As Achebe tells us, "The affair between Obi and Clara could not strictly be called love at first sight." They meet at a dance organised by the London branch of the National Council of Nigeria and the Camerons, where a clumsy Obi literally steps on her toes when they dance together. But Obi is "immediately struck by her looks" and follows her with his eyes round the hall.
They meet again almost eighteen months later at Harrington Dock in Liverpool when both of them are returning home after completing their studies. When after she has introduced herself to Obi as Miss Okeke in the lounge of the small cargo boat they are travelling by and Obi tells her that they have met before, Clara looks "surprised and somewhat hostile".
She takes more interest in the company of an elderly white woman and a young Englishman than Obi.
On the boat a few passengers suffer from upset stomachs, Obi being one of them. A trained nurse, Clara gives them Avomine tablets and they all feel better in the morning. They speak in Ibo for the first time, "as if to say, 'We belong together: We speak the same language":" And she appears to show some concern for him.
They form a trio with the young Englishman, John Macmillan, as they roam around the Madeiras when the boat touches land.
When Macmillan goes to his cabin on the boat that evening, their eyes meet for a second, and without another word Obi takes her in his arms. She is trembling as he kisses her over and over again.
Tragedy is a serious play or narrative in which the hero becomes engaged in conflict, experiences great suffering, and is finally defeated and crushed. The classical conception of tragedy involves a hero of noble stature whose fortunes are reversed as a result of a weakness (or tragic flaw) in an otherwise noble nature.
He may not, according to Aristotle, be "pre-eminently virtuous or just"; his "misfortune, however, is brought upon him not by vice and depravity but by some great error of judgement", e.g., Oedipus and Antigone in Sophocles. In Shakespeare, Othello's tragedy, for example, is the result of jealousy, and Macbeth's, the result of his high ambition.
Similarly in this novel, the protagonist, Obi Okonkwo, an upright young man, succumbs to the temptation of bribery and brings about his own downfall.
The colonial impact on the Igbo in Achebe's novels is often effected by individuals from Eruope, but institutions and urban offices frequently serve a similar purpose. The courts and the position of District Commissioner in Things Fall Apart clash with the traditions of the Igbo, and remove their ability to participate in structures of decision.
Likewise, Obi succumbs to the colonial-era corruption in the city; the temptations of his position overpower his identity.