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Declaration: The Nine Tumultuous Weeks When America Became Independent, May 1-July 4, 1776

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This is the rambunctious story of how America came to declare independence in Philadelphia in 1776. As late as that May, the Continental Congress had no plans to break away from England. Troops under General George Washington had been fighting the British for nearly a year—yet in Philadelphia a mighty bloc known as "reconciliationists," led by the influential Pennsylvanian John Dickinson, strove to keep America part of the British Empire. But a cadre of activists—led by the mysterious Samuel Adams of Massachusetts and assisted by his nervous cousin John—plotted to bring about American independence. Their audacious secret plan proposed overturning the reconciliationist government of Pennsylvania and replacing it with pro-independence leaders. Remarkably, the adventure succeeded. The Adams coalition set in motion a startling chain of events in the Philadelphia streets, in the Continental Congress, and throughout the country that culminated in the Declaration of Independence on July 4. In Declaration William Hogeland brings to vibrant life both the day-to-day excitement and the profound importance of those nine fast-paced weeks essential to the American founding yet little known today. He depicts the strange-bedfellow alliance the Adamses formed with scruffy Philadelphia outsiders and elegant Virginia planters to demand liberty. He paints intimate portraits of key John Dickinson, a patriot who found himself outmaneuvered on the losing side of history; Benjamin Franklin, the most famous man in America, engaged in and perplexed by his city’s upheavals; Samuel Adams, implacable in changing the direction of Congress; his cousin John, anxious about the democratic aspirations of their rabble-rousing Philadelphia allies; and those democratic radical organizers themselves, essential to bringing about independence, all but forgotten until now. As the patriots’ adventure gathers toward the world-changing climax of the Declaration, conflicts and ironies arise, with trenchant relevance for the most important issues confronting Americans today. Declaration offers a fresh, gripping, and vivid portrait of the passionate men and thrilling events that gave our country birth.

288 pages, Hardcover

First published January 1, 2010

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William Hogeland

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 40 reviews
Profile Image for Alan Tomkins.
356 reviews89 followers
October 26, 2024
Excellent: proof that there is always more to learn about the American Revolution. This book is a very well written and fascinating deep dive into the wrangling and secret plots & alliances within the Continental Congress that led to the Declaration of Independence. In these pages Samuel Adams and Richard Henry Lee get their due recognition, and many others lost to history have their critical roles revealed and explained. Highest recommendation for history buffs.
Profile Image for Lauren Albert.
1,832 reviews186 followers
December 3, 2010
I think most people, when they think of the pre-Revolutionary days, are aware of two groups--those that supported independence and those that did not. But Hogeland shows how much more complex the real story was. There were those that wanted war with England leading to independence. There were those who wanted no war and no independence--the loyalists. But there were also those who wanted war but no independence--those who wanted reconciliation and thought that the system was ideal but that it was just not being lived up to. To show even more complexity, the people who supported independence disagreed about what that meant in terms of government. Some of the revolutionaries brought in the disenfranchised (the majority who owned no land and could not vote) in order to use them for the cause and then were horrified when they demanded the vote.

While Hogeland reveals all of these complexities, he slights the debates outside of Pennsylvania. I would have liked to learn about what was going on in the states that at first refused to declare independence and then switched when they realized they were in the minority, and those who declared independence but were split amongst themselves (the majority voting for but some against). Since the book comes in at under 200 pages (without the notes), I think that some pages could have been devoted to these topics.
Profile Image for Dale.
1,937 reviews67 followers
May 23, 2019
Published in 2010 by Simon and Schuster

When you read the history books, it seems obvious that the colonies steadily worked their way up to declaring their independence without much of a hitch.

The beauty of William Hogeland's Declaration is that he shows that it was a lot closer than the history books usually portray. Samuel Adams and his cousin John Adams maneuvered many of the representatives to the Continental Congress into voting for independence and certainly manipulated the government of Pennsylvania. In fact, you could make the case that they toppled the government of Pennsylvania through a powerful media campaign combined with timely advice and political pressure and installed a pro-independence government just in time for the fateful vote.

But, this new (to me) information was marred by a difficult to read text. The book just bounced around - the writing style just never got into a flow. I found it hard to read more than a page or two at a time.

On top of that, there are 56 pages of end notes with commentary. If this book were published back in the "bad old days" when typesetting was labor intensive, I would understand why it was done as end notes - it was a pain to work out all of the foot notes. But, in today's world, almost all of the complicated work of footnotes is done by a computer. If it is worth the author's time to make 56 pages of commentary in your end notes, it is worth turning them in to foot notes so that people will actually read them.

I rate this book 3 stars out of 5 - interesting information, poorly presented.
Profile Image for Tom.
156 reviews8 followers
October 20, 2017
Just when you think you know everything there is to know about the Declaration of Independence, along comes a book and author to set you straight. In the nine weeks that led up to the Declaration, there was a lot of turmoil and intrigue that included many famous characters such as John and Samuel Adams, Ben Franklin, Benjamin Rush and others, but also quite a few relatively obscure personalities, who still figured prominently in the drama that led up to the audacious and brave decision to sever all ties with Britain. The author’s research is very impressive. A must-read for students of Revolutionary history.
Profile Image for KJ.
322 reviews9 followers
July 3, 2013
Not quite what I was expecting when I read the title. Certainly, just by title alone the work is quite ambitious, as there's a lot that happens in those nine weeks before we officially declare independence. The book largely follows Philadelphia and events that occur for Pennsylvania specifically. I had hoped to read about the discussions that occurred in Congress leading up to Independence. Instead this book - not long at all - attempts to cover far too much, highlighting pieces that I feel could have been played down and offering only a sentence to things that have a last impact on this part of history. For example, most of chapter 2 is mini-biographies of the three men who met with John and Sam Adams in their "secret meeting." Their biographies did not need to be quite so long and we might more have discussed the ideologies they brought to the table and the outcome that came from that meeting. Understandably there is not much information as Sam Adams was certain to burn most of the documentation, but placing a biography of three relatively unknown men in it's place was, in my opinion, not only superfluous, but took valuable space from the book.

The book does read easily, even if it is not easy to follow the exact chronology or the point the author is trying to make. But it was a very quick read and would have been finished in a day, had it not been for work. But I am glad that I read it.
Profile Image for John Lindemuth.
25 reviews
February 17, 2015
Declaration is a good summary of events and personailies leading to the signing of the Declaration of Independence.
Profile Image for David Montgomery.
283 reviews24 followers
September 19, 2020
A history of two things: the tumultuous fight leading to the signing of the Declaration of Independence, and the rise of radical democrats who backed both independence and greater political and economic equality. Hogeland, I'm sure, would argue that this is a book about one thing: the essential role radical democrats played in the passage of the Declaration of Independence. But I'm not so sure he proved the connection.

To be sure, this lively and accessible history shows some connection between the two. The Continental Congress was meeting in Philadelphia, and active associations of lower-class men rowdily agitating for change surely had some role in pressuring "reconciliationists" to change their minds and get behind independence.

But the great triumph of the radicals was a constitutional convention that effectively overturned Pennsylvania's elected legislature — elected by wealthy men and largely opposed to outright independence (though in favor of resisting British tyranny) and replaced it with a new constitution with universal manhood suffrage, a unicameral legislature, and other reforms. This constitution was written and passed in June 1776, with the new government elected on July 8, 1776 — a week too late to change Pennsylvania's instructions to its delegation at the Continental Congress. Despite this incongruity, this convention is the climax of the book.

While popular pressure — expertly channelled and led by Sam Adams and a host of pro-independence allies including John Adams and Thomas Paine — certainly played a role, the actions of the British would seem to have been far more important. At every critical moment in the independence debate, it seemed, news reached Philadelphia of new British aggression, pushing colonial waverers toward a sterner response. (Much of Sam Adams' maneuvering in 1776 was also on the inside track, trying to persuade political leaders to change sides, rather than solely mobilizing pressure on the streets.)

None of this is to say that the rise of radical democrats in 1776 — not merely as a reaction to independence, but preceding it and intertwined with it — is unimportant! To the contrary, it's a fascinating story, and Hogeland sketches it out well here. I just don't feel like the connection between his two topics is as strong as he intended.

A good book, and a quick read, despite these qualms! Recommended if you like revolutionary history.
Profile Image for Bill.
164 reviews2 followers
November 25, 2023
Fascinating look at the political machinations conducted principally by the Adamses in Pennsylvania in order to win the vote for independence at the Continental Congress in 1776. Hogeland shows how the Adamses worked with the radicals in Pennsylvania to throw out the currently-existing Pennsylvania legislature that has been rightfully and properly elected only weeks earlier (on a platform of negotiation with the King, and NOT independence). By maneuvering, machinations, and pure mob intimidation, the independent faction took over in Pennsylvania, thereby changing Pennsylvania's votes in the Continental Congress, and ultimately paving the way for the vote for independence on July 2nd (no, not July 4, a date that hardly mattered at the time). Hogeland may be overstating the role played by the Pennsylvania drama--events seemed to be moving everyone towards independence--but I certainly appreciated learning about all this. And it's a reminder that all revolutions are not only unlawful but likely to be largely undemocratic--it's only after they become successful that they will be retconned as having reflected the popular will.
Profile Image for Pamela.
29 reviews
June 27, 2020
Living in the PA suburbs of Philadelphia, I found this book to be a very good presentation of what was happening in Philadelphia, PA in the days leading up to the signing of the Declaration of Independence. Most of us who are interested in the history of the United States have a basic understanding of the events surrounding our Independence, but this book covers many interesting aspects of what was really going on at the time. Many of our Founding Fathers disagreed about how they should go about forming a new nation. There were so many times that our Independence was not assured, and William Hogeland has done an outstanding job describing just how everything came together so that our nation could be created. Declaration is an excellent and informative book which every U.S. citizen should read in order to understand the founding of our Country. I've read numerous books about the time period, but this is the best, by far!
5 reviews
January 14, 2020
Short overview of the overthrow of the Pennsylvania colonial government and the Continental Congress declaring independence in the summer of 1776. Hogeland has an ability to make the "Founding Fathers" of the US interesting.

This book covers an era that is truly revolutionary in the time frame, when working class men in Pennsylvania do actually build institutions with the power to overthrow the established state. The complications evident in that statement and the book's narrative deserve to be fleshed out, but Hogeland is writing to just popularize the narrative.
Profile Image for Gerry Connolly.
604 reviews43 followers
September 30, 2018
In Declaration William Hogeland tells the untold story at the continental congress in which Samuel and John Adams completely negated Pennsylvania’s pro-reconciliation election results, isolated John Dickinson’s fervent espousal of rapprochement with England and persuaded the congress to declare independence. All in nine weeks. Had they failed Great Britain would have picked the colonies off one by one.
Profile Image for Abigail H..
172 reviews3 followers
June 6, 2022
I love any history book that accurately shows the complexities of humanity! We are almost never so easily sliced and diced into two sides, in any situation. In this case, it was NOT merely Patriots and Loyalists. This book does an incredible job showing the ambiguity of colonial tension leading up to the Revolution. My nerdy heart is happy!

*also shoutout to the random day of July 4th we have chosen to mark as our birthday, even though the Declaration wasn’t written, signed, or printed on that day. It was approved…but that’s such a nominal accomplishment in the grand scheme. Oh well…bring on the fireworks!
Profile Image for Richard Labombard.
16 reviews1 follower
July 27, 2017
Well researched. Engaging read. Not nearly the clean process our high school history books lead us to believe. And particularly good at depicting the distinction between the desire for freedom and equality versus the drive for independence. Worth digging into the extensive notes provided at the end of the narrative.
Profile Image for Lisa Lawrence.
1,132 reviews8 followers
July 7, 2018
My tradition of reading American history around July 4th... I learned more details and viewpoints about our forefathers. The “reconciliationists” almost overcame those for independence. It was close!
Profile Image for Kelly.
17 reviews5 followers
July 21, 2019
This author focuses on the few weeks leading up to July 4th, the key players and events with just enough back story to keep it tight. I’m about to dive into Dave McCoullough’s John Adams, so this book does a great job wetting my appetite to read the Declaration story from his perspective.
1 review
September 11, 2023
Great insight into the story of the origins of the convention, the personalities and politics that put everyone in the room and even explained how that particular room came about. Details on Pennsylvania politics that I didn’t know before. Enjoyable and fast read.
Profile Image for Stephen.
1,915 reviews134 followers
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July 20, 2025
An interesting history of the summer of 1776 that focuses on how Philadelphia's local politics were bound up with the politics of the emerging American nation. Spotlight on John Dickinson, John Adams, Samuel Adams, and Thomas Paine.
Profile Image for Charles.
21 reviews
February 13, 2020
I picked this up to see if the early colonists were as polarized as we are today. Fun fact...they were initially/ As the Summer of 1776 approached, the colonists drew together for liberty. All in all, a fascinating read about how we declared independence.
Profile Image for Lindsay Chervinsky.
Author 6 books377 followers
August 3, 2011
I had mixed feelings about this read. I really enjoy the idea behind the book: explain the ties between the restructuring of the Pennsylvania state government and the Declaration of Independence. I have read a great deal about the discussions and deliberations behind the production of the Declaration, but I knew very little about the radical overthrow of the chartered government led by John Dickinson. I am confident I am not the only person whose knowledge about that process is lacking, which is surprising because some of the key players are well remembered and widely famous for their role in bringing about the Declaration. John Adams, Samuel Adams, Thomas Paine, Benjamin Rush and Richard Henry Lee were all committed to helping transform the Pennsylvania government as a way to bring about independence for the 13 colonies. By harnessing the power (social and physical) of the common man without the vote, these men were able to throw out the existing chartered government that supported reconciliation with England and replace it with a committee and a House that endorsed independence. Removing Pennsylvania as an obstacle to independence ensured Maryland, Delaware and eventually New York's support and participation in a new united nation.

My question was if these very famous men contributed in such a major way, why didn't I know about it? Sure I have studied these men, but these particular actions escaped my notice. Truth is, they really didn't want posterity to recognize them for their involvement in the overthrow of Pennsylvania's government. Samuel Adams burned all of his letters and papers regarding the subject and instructed his colleagues to do the same. Rush and Adams quickly began to disassociate themselves from some of their more radical allies after independence was achieved. And to be fair, not without good reason. Some of their former partners went on to espouse ideas that were flat out unacceptable in the 18th century and brought down great derision on their heads. That being said, the story does live on in this book and is one I am very glad to know.

Despite my enjoyment of the topic of this book, I felt that the writing could have been better. Especially in the beginning, I felt that the writer was pandering or lowering his speech. Perhaps he was trying to reach crowds with less knowledge on the subject, but it did feel like he was a bit condescending. Additionally, the author gave a lot of background information about each of the key players mentioned. I love this kind of information- I think it makes the people come alive and represent more than just words on a page. However, the book really wasn't long enough to have all of that information as adequately address and analyze the events from May-July, 1776. As a result, I felt that the telling of the main story suffered a bit. It could have been furthered developed and more analyzed. One final bit of criticism, and this is really more of a personal pet peeve, is that it felt like the author was trying to make the story suspenseful. I am a big believer that history, especially something as huge as the Declaration of Independence doesn't need much help. For example, at one point he said "John Dickinson went home. That turned out to be a mistake." Then he had a artistic marker and a page break. I just feel like that extra emphasis isn't really necessary.

All in all, a good topic, but poorly told.
Profile Image for Keith.
271 reviews4 followers
January 22, 2012
One of my favorite movies is 1776, the musical version of the events that took place in the Continental Congress from May through July 4, 1776. I've often wondered how accurate the positions taken by the characters in the film actually are. Certainly I am aware that much creative license was taken (i'm fairly certain that Edward Rutledge never spontaneously sang about the Atlantic slave trade during a Congressional sessio, for instance), but the idea of what occurred behind those closed doors has always been intriguing to me.

In this book, William Hogeland tries to answer that question. Beginning with the election of a very anti-independence Pennsylvania legislature on May 1, he traces the events of the next 2+ months to the culmination of near unanimous vote for independence. His central question is how did events move from point A to point B.

Unfortunately, Hogeland's narrative and interpretations of events proves somewhat lacking and his characterizations of some of the key characters and events is lacking. His portrayal of John Adams as more or less a reluctant puppet of his older cousin Samuel flies in the face of everything I have ever learned about him. Benjamin Franklin is all but invisible, except when trying to curry favors in the Royal court in London. The true hero in all this turns out to be the most vocal opposition to independence, John Dickinson. Hogeland portrays him as a sincere hard-working planter who basically had his government pulled out from under him. I can't say that I know enough about Dickinson to comment on the accuracy of this, but his interpretaions of other people leaves me wondering.

One pet peeve about this book - when you have footnotes that run a page and a half each, it's time to condense a bit.

I've always wanted to find a good book about this period. This might be a good jumping off point, but it is definitely not the book.
Profile Image for Don.
355 reviews9 followers
December 29, 2015
A fine account of how "Philadelphia's radicals ... Once rank outsiders, with Samuel Adams's help, overturned one of the oldest legislative bodies in the English-speaking world."

It isn't quite the story I was looking for, which is OK, but the point of the book seems to be, "You need to know more about Philadelphia politics in the 1770s to understand American Independence." OK.

Gotta say, the stuff on Declaration dissenter John Dickinson is marvelous, and some of the snippets on Sam Adams and Ben Franklin are nice nuggets. And overall, the emphasis on "pure democracy" and the Founders' fear of "anarchic" mobs was insightful (but nothing new or special).

Yet, the final chapter (Independence Days) is what this whole book could have been -- an exciting retelling of what probably happened "in the room." The pages 167-177 do a wonderful job of recreating who, what, when, why, and how this thing actually happened. I wish this had been 100 pages of the story -- rather than focusing 80 percent of the book on Pennsylvania and Dickinson. It would have been great to see a dozen pages on Edward Rutledge/South Carolina, and a dozen on Cesar Rodney/Connecticut, rather than a glossed-over paragraph or two.

Characterizing the vote in the "committee as a whole" compared to the actual final vote was the meat of this story -- and the behind-the-scenes machinations led Hogeland to use Pennsylvania as the key to all of these factors.

It's good history, buy overall leaves this narrative as less than satisfying.
43 reviews
July 9, 2016
This book reads like a novel and it is hard to put down. It is not really about the writing of the Declaration : it is about the conditions that led to the Declaration being ratified.And boy was it a close thing. The hero of the story is Samuel Adams the radical ringleader whose machinations set up conditions that put events in play.. He is joined by his more conservative but equally driven cousin John. They are aided by the brilliant propagandist Tom Paine who presents the concept of independence in a truly digestible format in his Common Sense. Also playing a key role is a last minute revolutionary: Ben Franklin. John Dickinson opposed independence but he was an early believer in America who mounts a noble opposition to the rebel crowd. The quick character sketches and background pieces bring the 10 weeks leading up to July 1776 are excellent. The author really brings the period to life and I was sad when the book ended.
Profile Image for David R..
958 reviews1 follower
July 15, 2012
Hogeland offers a fascinating take on the emergence of the Declaration of Independence during nine frenetic weeks in May, June and July of 1776. He confines the action to Philadelphia, and focuses even more tightly on a handful of actors among them Samuel Adams and his allies in the Continental Congress, the reconciliationist John Dickinson of Pennsylvania, and an odd conferacy of radicals who successfully toppled Pennsylvania's charter legislature. Hogeland writes supportively of the pro-independence (and almost Marxist) "independents", but he also displays a sensitivity to Dickinson's point of view that culminates in a marvelously bittersweet conclusion to the book. David McCullough this is not, but it's a worthy addition to the study of history's to-read list.
7 reviews
September 2, 2010
This book focuses on the political manueverings of Samuel Adams and his supporters to gain control of the constitutional convention and issue the Declaration of Independence. The main focus is on Adams attempt to overthrow the charter government of Pennsylvania in favor of a new one that would appoint Pro-independence representatives. Hogeland does a good job of representing John Dickenson as his honorable foe. Well written and effective yet austere. Good depth and still less than 300 pages.
Profile Image for patience.
280 reviews12 followers
December 12, 2010
I'd give it 3 1/2 if I could. Interesting to learn more about the pivotal role Samuel Adams played in securing a vote for breaking with England in 1776. Along the way, he threw his lot in with some real radicals...those wanting to give men without property the right to vote, those who believed in the rights of Native Americans and women, and other radicals like the disreputable Green Mountain man Ethan Allen. Proto-socialists helped the founding fathers (or were some of the founding fathers) assure American independence. Bet Sarah P. doesn't know that....
Profile Image for Sarah W..
2,459 reviews34 followers
July 4, 2015
A detailed snapshot of how thirteen colonies declared their independence from Great Britain in 1776. This relatively short book made for a nice Fourth of July read. The author is clearly more of a journalist than a historian (I really wish he had used his footnotes differently!) and is prone to utilizing a more modern vocabulary that somewhat displaces the story from the 18th century. Overall, though I enjoyed this book and learned a few unexpected things about how the Declaration of Independence came to be.
Profile Image for Barbara.
1,978 reviews
June 1, 2012
This account of American Independence was alright, but not spectacular. I learned some things, particularly about John Dickinson of Pennsylvania, that I did not know, but I also felt the author spent too much time centered on him,and on the government of the Pennsylvania colony. Some portions were very interesting, and other parts seemed to drag. I'm not sorry I read it, but I don't think I would choose to read it again.
Profile Image for Linda.
189 reviews10 followers
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August 4, 2010
After seeing the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution at the National Archives, I bought this book and its store. It is a great historical read about the liberal and brilliant men who declared our independence on July 4, 1776. Thomas Paine was quite the thinker behind the movement. Written in narrative form, it is quite good. I love American history now.
Profile Image for judy.
947 reviews28 followers
April 9, 2011
A short and lively presentation of the weeks before Philadelphia and the Declaration. Backroom politics at work. Scholars will no doubt wring their hands at the warts and all treatment of our founders but Hogeland has obviously done his research. A genuinely refreshing book that focuses on a period that tends to be ignored when studying the formation of the Declaration.
Profile Image for Chrismcginn.
400 reviews21 followers
August 26, 2014
Covers the nine weeks leading up to the vote for Independence and the issuance of the now more famous Declaration. Details the complex movements warring for control of America ... Popularism, Proprietary rule, democracy vs republicanism, Paine vs Adams, etc. Nice to read as we head into learning about the Revolution this year.
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