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Changing Tides: Latin America and World Mission Today

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“There are few Latin American scholars who have been more involved in the churches' mission for so many years and in so many parts of the continent as the author of this book. Samuel Escobar's knowledge of its history, theological thinking, ecclesial diversity, and practical outworking is second to none. The scope of his reading is impressive. His ability to analyse and provoke further thought is outstanding. This is a genuine handbook of Latin American missiological thought and missionary engagement that covers all the different Christian traditions. I highly recommend it as an invaluable source for understanding the ways in which Christian mission has been undertaken through the years in this great Continent.” Dr J. Andrew Kirk, mission theologian, educator, author, former Director of the Centre for Missiology and World Christianity, University of Birmingham

206 pages, Paperback

First published June 1, 2002

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About the author

Samuel Escobar

49 books7 followers
J. Samuel Escobar Aguirre was a Peruvian evangelical theologian, missiologist, educator, and author, known for his influential role in shaping Latin American evangelical theology and global evangelical engagement with social justice. A founding leader of the Latin American Theological Fellowship (Spanish: Fraternidad Teológica Latinoamericana), Escobar was widely recognized as a key architect of contextual theology in Latin America and a vocal advocate for integrating evangelical faith with sociopolitical responsibility.

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Profile Image for Andy Hickman.
7,417 reviews51 followers
January 20, 2015
Great book. Informative and inspirational.

“The incarnation of the word (Jn 1:14), which grounds God's saving work, tells us that the Word is translated into a visible reality that our eyes can see. The message of this incarnate Word can be translated into all human languages. Indeed, the basic documents, namely the gospels, are already a translation, because we do not have them in the Aramaic that Jesus spoke, but in the everyday Greek that was more widely spoken in the first century. This “translatability” of the gospel shows that it is a message that can reach maximum universality; that is, this message is intended to be translated and shared.” (p5)

“Thus the gospel drive that presses the church toward fulfilling its mission also brings the people of God to a constant contextualization process. The text moves from context to context. Today, at the beginning of a new century, we are more aware than ever that missionaries are vessels of clay, bearers of the glory of the gospel, who are themselves weak and likely to break (2 Cor 4:7). When this text is taken in its context …. knocks down any imperial pretension and reaffirms the model of mission in the style of Jesus Christ, a style completely different from that practiced by the Constantinian church allied to oppressors and conquerors, who used mission to subject other human beings to domination.” (p6)

“Paul's Christology is the development of pastoral, doctrinal and ethical teaching that stems form the fact of Christ. Paul elaborates his Christology as he responds to the needs and the questions of churches that were born from the Spirit and had the signs of new life but had not yet articulated their belief in a meaningful way. The receivers of these letters were people who had grasped the Lordship of christ and whose eyes had been opened by the Spirit to see the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ, but they did not have yet a clear conceptual Christology (2 Cor 4:5-6). ...we have growing churches where there are the signs of of the power of the Spirit at work but where a basic theological task is necessary, one along the lines of what Paul did in his ministry.” (p138)

“Many of them (LA Pentecostal churches) kept from their Holiness background the fourfold Christology expressed in the simple formula that refers to Christ as Savior, Sanctifier, Healer and Coming King. (p138)4
Pentecostals share this same formula with other evangelicals, but the difference is that Pentecostals believe that Christ is all that here and now, not in distant future.” (p139)


Samuel Escobar, Changing Tides: Latin America and World Mission Today (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2002).
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