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Loin du Brésil (A6)

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" Ce São Paulo, que j'avais connu à une époque où il atteignait tout juste un million d'habitants, en comptait déjà plus de 15 million. Les traces et les vestiges de l'époque coloniale avaient presque entièrement disparu. São Paulo était devenue une cité effrayante, hérissée de kilomètres de tours, à tel point que, désireux de revoir non pas la maison où j'avais habité - elle n'existait sans doute plus -, mais la rue où j'avais vécu pendant quelques annnées, j'ai passé la matinée bloqué dans les embouteillages sans pouvoir y arriver. "

Claude Lévi-Strauss ne souhaitait pas donner un grand entretien qui résumât sa carrière et sa pensée, mais il voulait, à l'occasion de l'Année du Brésil en France, commencée en mars 2005, revenir sur sa relation au " pays du bois de braise ". En 1935, jeune professeur de 27 ans, il arrive à São Paulo, puis s'enfonce dans le Mato Grosso sur les terres indiennes, inaugurant sa carrière d'américaniste. Cette période d'étude de terrain, qu'il poursuivra jusqu'en 1939, servira de base à la construction théorique de son anthropologie structurale.
Après un long séjour aux États-Unis, où il fuit les persécutions antijuives, il publie en 1955 Tristes Tropiques, qui commence par une phrase devenue célèbre : " Je hais les voyages et les explorateurs ". Livre d'ethnologie à la poésie lumineuse, ce volume s'inscrit dans la lignée des récits de voyages des ethnologues Michel Leiris ou Alfred Métraux, attachés au Musée de l'Homme comme l'a été Claude Lévi-Strauss. Mais ce récit très littéraire, intime, qui raconte la genèse d'une démarche scienti?que, remonte aux sources de la découverte de ces Brésils de l'intérieur, indigènes et urbains.
Claude Lévi-Strauss, dans l'histoire des relations, très anciennes, entre la France et le Brésil, prend ainsi sa place, entre Jean de Léry et Mário de Andrade, son ami ethnologue, ethnomusicologue et, comme lui, fou de musique, qui publie en 1927, sous le titre de L'apprenti touriste, le compte rendu de son premier voyage ethnographique à travers l'Amazonie sauvage.
Claude Lévi-Strauss, âgé de 96 ans, habite sur la rive droite de Paris. D'une extrême courtoisie, il nous reçoit dans sa bibliothèque, portant costume et cravate à noud métallique orné de motifs indigènes - " un banal artisanat ", dit-il. Au milieu des volumes reliés, un mât sculpté indien du Canada, beaucoup d'objets asiatiques, un objet rituel tibétain. Peu de ce Brésil, un continent en soi, qui a marqué à jamais le dernier des grands intellectuels français né au début du xxe siècle.
À la veille des célébrations du " pays du bois de braise " en France, l'auteur de Tristes Tropiques revient sur sa relation essentielle à ce pays, où il a fait ses premiers pas d'ethnologue. Aujourd'hui, souligne-t-il, la civilisation à l'échelle mondiale a mis ?n à ce type de découverte.

32 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1994

54 people want to read

About the author

Claude Lévi-Strauss

229 books869 followers
Claude Lévi-Strauss was a French anthropologist, well-known for his development of structural anthropology. He was born in Belgium to French parents who were living in Brussels at the time, but he grew up in Paris. His father was an artist, and a member of an intellectual French Jewish family. Lévi-Strauss studied at the University of Paris. From 1935-9 he was Professor at the University of Sao Paulo making several expeditions to central Brazil. Between 1942-1945 he was Professor at the New School for Social Research. In 1950 he became Director of Studies at the Ecole Practique des Hautes Etudes. In 1959 Lévi-Strauss assumed the Chair of Social Anthroplogy at the College de France. His books include The Raw and the Cooked, The Savage Mind, Structural Anthropology and Totemism (Encyclopedia of World Biography).

Some of the reasons for his popularity are in his rejection of history and humanism, in his refusal to see Western civilization as privileged and unique, in his emphasis on form over content and in his insistence that the savage mind is equal to the civilized mind.

Lévi-Strauss did many things in his life including studying Law and Philosophy. He also did considerable reading among literary masterpieces, and was deeply immersed in classical and contemporary music.

Lévi-Strauss was awarded the Wenner-Gren Foundation's Viking Fund Medal for 1966 and the Erasmus Prize in 1975. He was also awarded four honorary degrees from Oxford, Yale, Havard and Columbia. Strauss held several memberships in institutions including the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Philosophical Society (Encyclopedia of World Biography).

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Profile Image for Cameron.
Author 10 books21 followers
March 3, 2015
In 1994 the 86-year-old anthropologist Claude Levi-Strauss was persuaded to go through over a thousand old photos that he had from several trips he made in Brazil in the late 1930s. During these journeys he visited the Bororo, Mande and Nambikwara tribes of the western Amazon, and gathered ethnographic data that became the basis for much of his anthropological writing. This book is a collection of 180 of these photos with a prologue and captions.

It is marvelous because it tells the story of Brazil in the 30s, a country with a few small cities and a vast outback of forests and rivers about which very little was actually known. Although most of Brazil's indigenous peoples had died out long before, Levi-Strauss visited a few communities that survived.

These black-and-white photos are clear and well-composed, often contemplative studies of hunter-gatherers living in a wilderness little touched by western civilization. Levi-Strauss treats his subjects with kindness and respect and is unreserved in his praise for their beauty and their often casual existence without clothes, using the most rudimentary of shelters and tools. They are often shown comfortably coexisting with birds and animals. Levi-Strauss also records some of the challenges he faced in his journey through undeveloped wildlands, by truck, horseback, canoe and on foot.

It is fortunate that we have this photographic record of a past era, and that Levi-Strauss himself took the time to annotate these pictures. An invaluable historical document.
Profile Image for Teme.
10 reviews
July 18, 2025
Vraiment magnifique. 6€ à Emmaüs je suis très heureux. C’est un véritable voyage avec une sincère envie de découvrir les autres peuples et leurs mœurs. Aucun paternalisme, aucune malhonnêteté capitaliste. C’est beau. Chris Marker aurait pu en faire une adaptation cinématographique génial.
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