[Erratum: In this review, I state that K2 was first summited more than 20 years after the first full ascent of Everest in 1953. That is incorrect. K2 was first summited by an Italian mountaineering team on July 31, 1954, a little over a year after Hillary and Tenzing reached the top of Everest. The summit of K2 was not reached again, however, until 1977, by a Japanese expedition. The first American team to reach the summit did so in 1978.]
I've mentioned before that I have a fascination with books on mountain climbing, especially in the Himalayas. It all started with a trip to the IMAX theater to see "Everest." Here was an IMAX film crew, going out to film a nice trek to the summit, and they wind up smack in the middle of one of the worst disaster in Everest's history (and there have been some doozies). On a single day in 1996, eight people died on the mountain, including two of the most respected climbing guides in the small world that is high altitude mountaineering. The IMAX crew pitched in and helped with the rescue of others trapped high on the mountain--and filmed it all for what became one of the most gripping documentaries I'd ever seen.
I loved the movie so much that I kept going back to see it. Some time later, I discovered Jon Krakauer's book about the same expedition, Into Thin Air. Like the IMAX team, Krakauer was on scene by chance (well, who would have planned to be at a tragedy like that, after all), writing a story for Outside magazine. His book on the expedition and the tragedy has become the definitive account, although there have been several others (some written as rebuttals to Krakauer). It's a must-read for anyone who loves true-life adventure stories (which I didn't even know I loved until I read it).
Climbing Mt. Everest is exciting, but not extraordinarily dangerous anymore. Commercial tour companies lead dozens of amateur climbers to the summit each season. Kids as young as 13, blind teenagers, wealthy senior citizens--anyone in reasonably good shape and with enough money can have a shot at the summit. It is this annual traffic jam that Krakauer pinpoints as the primary cause of the 1996 disaster.
The second highest mountain in the world, known simply as K2, is another story. Nicknamed "The Savage Summit," K2 has had far fewer successful summits but proportionally more deaths than Everest (including an even worse single disaster where 11 climbers were killed in 2008, which is the subject of two separate books in 2010). A more technically difficult climb, the first ascent came more than 20 years after Everest, although adventurers had been trying for at least as long.
The Last Man on the Mountain, by Jennifer Jordan, is the story of one of the earliest expeditions in 1939, which is also one of the most controversial. The expedition was wracked by dissension and hostility among its members. It's leader, Fritz Wiessner, was single-minded in his pursuit of the summit, even if it meant risking his life and the lives of his climbers. And along for the ride--and largely bankrolling the expedition--was Dudley F. Wolfe, scion of one of America's wealthiest families. Although older and less in shape than most of the other climbers, it was Wolfe alone who was able to accompany Wiessner to the highest camp on the mountain. And there he stayed, even after Wiessner made his descent, the last man on the mountain and the first casualty of K2.
For many years, the common wisdom about Wolfe's death on the mountain was that he was an aged, out of shape dilettante brought to K2 only for his money. Jordan's extensive research and very readable account of the expedition goes a long way to rehabilitating Wolfe's image. Yes, he was rich, but he was no stranger to climbing or other risky adventures. He was a serious adventurer who understood his limitations--until he went where few men had ventured, out of his comfort zone to the Death Zone. Yet in the end, his death had less to do with his experience than with the lack of communication among expedition members and the obsession of its leader. Jordan gives a harrowing account of the early days of high altitude mountaineering, with no supplemental oxygen and primitive equipment. Nonetheless, this book is first and foremost a cautionary tale about what happens when ego becomes more important than teamwork and when human weakness is either ignored or allowed to dominate. Wiessner, Wolfe and their colleagues would have done well to follow the motto of Ed Viesturs, one of today's premier climbers: "Getting to the summit is optional; getting down is mandatory."