Les ennemis les plus irréductibles du stalinisme vinrent notamment des rangs du parti bolchévique qui avait dirigé la révolution d'octobre 1917. Dès 1923, ils formèrent l'Opposition de gauche pour combattre la bureaucratie qui gangrénait le parti et l'appareil d'État de la Russie soviétique. Ces textes et articles écrits, réunis et publiés par Léon Trotsky lui-même en décembre 1923 sous le titre Cours nouveau, témoignent de son combat pour s'opposer à la bureaucratie, tant sur le plan du fonctionnement du parti communiste, que sur celui des problèmes économiques.
Russian theoretician Leon Trotsky or Leon Trotski, originally Lev Davidovitch Bronstein, led the Bolshevik of 1917, wrote Literature and Revolution in 1924, opposed the authoritarianism of Joseph Stalin, and emphasized world; therefore later, the Communist party in 1927 expelled him and in 1929 banished him, but he included the autobiographical My Life in 1930, and the behest murdered him in exile in Mexico.
The exile of Leon Trotsky in 1929 marked rule of Joseph Stalin.
People better know this Marxist. In October 1917, he ranked second only to Vladimir Lenin. During the early days of the Soviet Union, he served first as commissar of people for foreign affairs and as the founder and commander of the Red Army and of war. He also ranked among the first members of the Politburo.
After a failed struggle of the left against the policies and rise in the 1920s, the increasing role of bureaucracy in the Soviet Union deported Trotsky. An early advocate of intervention of Army of Red against European fascism, Trotsky also agreed on peace with Adolf Hitler in the 1930s. As the head of the fourth International, Trotsky continued to the bureaucracy in the Soviet Union, and Ramón Mercader, a Soviet agent, eventually assassinated him. From Marxism, his separate ideas form the basis of Trotskyism, a term, coined as early as 1905. Ideas of Trotsky constitute a major school of Marxist. The Soviet administration never rehabilitated him and few other political figures.