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The Armageddon Factor: The Rise of Christian Nationalism in Canada

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In her new book, award-winning journalist Marci McDonald draws back the curtain on the mysterious world of the right-wing Christian nationalist movement in Canada and its many ties to the Conservative government of Stephen Harper.
 
To most Canadians, the politics of the United States — where fundamentalist Christians wield tremendous power and culture wars split the country — seem too foreign to ever happen here. But The Armageddon Factor shows that the Canadian Christian right — infuriated by the legalization of same-sex marriage and the increasing secularization of society — has been steadily and stealthily building organizations, alliances and contacts that have put them close to the levers of power and put the government of Canada in their debt.
 
Determined to outlaw homosexuality and abortion, and to restore Canada to what they see as its divinely determined destiny to be a nation ruled by Christian laws and precepts, this group of true believers has moved the country far closer to the American mix of politics and religion than most Canadians would ever believe.
 
McDonald’s book explores how a web of evangelical far-right Christians have built think-tanks and foundations that play a prominent role in determining policy for the Conservative government of Canada. She shows how Biblical belief has allowed Christians to put dozens of MPs in office and to build a power base across the country, across cultures and even across religions.
 
“What drives that growing Christian nationalist movement is its adherents’ conviction that the end times foretold in the book of Revelation are at hand,” writes McDonald. “Braced for an impending apocalypse, they feel impelled to ensure that Canada assumes a unique, scripturally ordained role in the final days before the Second Coming — and little else.”
 
The Armageddon Factor shows how the religious right’s influence on the Harper government has led to hugely important but little-known changes in everything from foreign policy and the makeup of the courts to funding for scientific research and social welfare programs like daycare. And the book also shows that the religious influence is here to stay, regardless of which party ends up in government.
 
For those who thought the religious right in Canada was confined to rural areas and the west, this book is an eye-opener, outlining to what extent the corridors of power in Ottawa are now populated by true believers. For anyone who assumed that the American religious right stopped at the border, The Armageddon Factor explains how US money and evangelists have infiltrated Canadian politics.
 
This book should be essential reading for Canadians of every religious belief or political stripe. Indeed, The Armageddon Factor should persuade every Canadian that, with the growth of such a movement, the future direction of the country is at stake.

432 pages, Hardcover

First published April 29, 2010

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Marci McDonald

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Displaying 1 - 22 of 22 reviews
Profile Image for Peter Darbyshire.
Author 34 books42 followers
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June 16, 2010
Unlike many Canadians, I've never believed Stephen Harper is the Second Coming of George Bush. First off, I think he's smarter than Bush, although I think Bush had more political cunning. And second, while Bush turned out to be even more religious and right than most of his followers anticipated, Stephen Harper has always appeared to me to be more of an economic conservative than a social one. Now that I've finished reading Marci McDonald's The Armageddon Factor: The Rise of Christian Nationalism in Canada, I see no reason to change that viewpoint.

Sure, the book examines Harper's religious beliefs and background — even down to what churches he has attended — but there's nothing to be alarmed about in the details. Harper goes to church, yes, but his politics seem informed by the holy books of the economists, not the Bible. In fact, The Armageddon Factor quotes more than a few Christians who complain that Harper has courted them for their votes only to make token efforts to support their causes in office — the vote on gay marriage was designed to fail, for instance — while throwing all the resources of the government into economic and political reform. Hardly the theocon that nightmares are made of.

But as the book makes clear, it's not Harper that poses a threat to our society of multiculturalism and tolerance. It's the growing religious right movement in Canada. Or, more accurately, a growing religious right movement that embraces the American model of intolerance, paranoia and hate. It doesn't matter what kind of conservative Harper is, because he's turned to these people to shore up the party's base, and they are driving the party deeper and deeper into American-style religious fundamentalism and social conservatism. The book cites example after example of Canadian religious zealots who have imported American religious right strategies and moved into the circles of power in Parliament along with the Conservatives, or who influence the Conservative Party through fundraising and social networking, or just plain organizing. Who, in short, are starting to affect policy in ways that even Harper, with his iron fist on his party, can no longer control. Call it Harper's deal with the devil or just politics. It doesn't matter. The Conservative Party of Canada's future will be more Stockwell Day than Stephen Harper.

The Armageddon Factor is fearmongering, sure, but it's fearmongering based on fact. Just take a look south at the border to see how much damage the fundamentalists have caused to that society. Now imagine the same fault lines spreading to this country. It wouldn't take much for the same kind of civil cold war to happen here.

There are flaws with the The Armageddon Factor, of course. It's more anecdotal than statistical, when at times stats would be useful. And it could certainly use more accounts from inside circles, although it's not a surprise politicos are unwilling to talk on record. But what it needs the most is more voices from the religious left, or at least the religious centre. The book — hell, Canada — needs an alternative to the simple formulation of left vs. right/religious right. We need to recognize there are other voices in the religious community besides those who use their bibles to justify their hatred and anxieties, their rejection of modernity and their future. We need to recognize and promote those who embrace tolerance and pluralism, science and reason. In other words, we need to find ourselves in Christian Canada. If not, we're destined to the same descent into madness as the U.S.
Profile Image for Sarah.
166 reviews11 followers
July 3, 2010
As an American whose side of the political spectrum has spent much of the past few decades losing to the other side at least in part due to the influence of the religious right, I've long had an interest in understanding more about how the institutions of the religious right developed, how they operate, and how they are tied to (primarily, although not exclusively) the Republican Party. Despite that interest, I'd never really given much thought to the religious right in Canada, accepting the conventional wisdom that it was weak and isolated, only influential in Alberta and parts of BC. Right wing governments like the Harris government in Ontario might pay a certain amount of lip service to social conservatism, but deep down we could rest assured they were secular and driven mostly by economic issues.

Marci McDonald's book was thus a real eye opener for me, detailing as it does the fact that the institutional religious right in Canada is increasingly well-organized, well-funded, and has close ties to the Harper government (even if the Prime Minister himself is sometimes a disappointment to them). And that, although it does have many close connections to U.S.-based groups like Focus on the Family, there are distinctive Canadian aspects -- particularly the prominence of conservative Catholics (although, coming from Cincinnati, which is both heavily Catholic and a hub of the anti-abortion, anti-gay, and anti-pornography movements, that's not all that different from what I'm used to) and traditionalist ethnic minorities. Which makes the religious right a force to be reckoned with in Canadian politics.

I learned a lot from this book. Granted, I haven't lived in Canada since 2002, and my attention to Canadian politics isn't that consistent these days. So it's possible that, had I been in Canada and paying attention to the national news over the past few years, this all would have been old hat to me. But as it were, this book was both fascinating and informative to me.
Profile Image for Janelle.
64 reviews1 follower
December 15, 2022
This was published in 2012, so it is fun to run across someone profiled and see if they're still around. Most of them are and a fair few would find a second wind in the convoy crowd. Well written and deeply researched, I'd love a follow up.
10 reviews
April 19, 2011
Very interesting and troubling information about how Canadian government officials are threatening our liberty. Anyone who values their religious liberty and our Charter of Rights and Freedoms needs to read this book. Hopefully before the next election (May 2nd, 2011) to prevent Stephen Harper and his Conservatives from obtaining a majority, or even another minority.

One quote from the book illustrates just how dangerous a Stephen Harper government is to our liberty.
"In February 2007, on the 25th anniversary of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Harper rose in the House of Commons to declare that he intended to select judges who respected his legislative agenda...That confirmation of his government's intention 'to imprint its views on the judiciary,' a Globe and Mail editorial marvelled, was unprecedented in the Charter's quarter-century history, but no one doubted his resolve."

According to the information gleaned by the author there are people in very influential positions in Ottawa who are determined to make Canada a big player in a coming "Armageddon". They seek to force their right-wing "Christian" values on the Canadian people. Peace is not one of those values. Equality for same sex couples is definitely not on their list of values. Women's rights don't make it to the list of values either.

Marci McDonald writes that she is attempting "a wake up call" to Canadians. Please wake up and don't let the Religious Right take over our great country!



Profile Image for Nykea.
83 reviews8 followers
March 22, 2011
Illuminating connect the dots of the rise of Christian nationalism in Canadian politics. Brings to light Harper's ties to evangelical right wing organizations that I never thought could be so powerful.
224 reviews4 followers
May 5, 2025
quite boring and I didn’t actually learn much about the rise of Christian nationalism in Canada - more about the comings and goings of Christian politicians in Canada, but that didn’t amount to much knowledge
Profile Image for Isidore.
439 reviews
January 31, 2015
An extremely disturbing book.

Most Canadians regard the U.S. Christian right with scorn, and smugly assume that we're too enlightened to entrust such crazies with power, but McDonald strips us of this comforting illusion.

Not only do we harbour burgeoning legions of highly-poilticized fundamentalists, but, under Harper, they have established themselves in high office and the judiciary, where they make no secret of their desire to profoundly reshape our society. Hawkish Christian Zionists who momentarily expect the Battle of Armageddon determine our foreign policy. Amply-funded think tanks erode our commitment to tolerance, secularism, and multiculturalism with a steady stream of propaganda. There is a growing number of equally well-funded indoctrination centres––sorry, schools––training the next generation in the inerrancy of Scripture and the need to fight "pagans" with pit bull aggression. And it turns out we are even more vulnerable to all these machinations than the Americans, since we have no constitutionally guaranteed separation of church and state.

In particular, they are striving ceaselessly to overturn laws protecting homosexuals and abortion rights, replace public schools with Christian schools, and discredit modern science; but their long-term plans are for a wholly "Christianized" state, possibly with death by stoning for the crimes of blasphemy and adultery.

Too bizarre to be true? McDonald interviews many key players in the Christian nationalist movement and explores their ties to cabinet ministers, the PM's office, and the Conservative party in general. She also reports how followers are trained to dissemble, since whenever the public gains some idea of the movement's agenda, it recoils in horror.

The book appears to have been assembled from a series of articles, and wants cohesion; McDonald also fails to clearly differentiate the various evangelical sects under discussion. But the book is still obligatory, if unpleasant, reading for the sane majority of Canadians who don't want to see the country turned into a theocracy.
809 reviews10 followers
May 17, 2010
There needs to be an additional star in the rating list. There needs to be one that accepts good writing, a compelling read but at the same time a deep and abiding difficulty. I chose 3 stars because this book makes you argue and think and dispute and those are all good things. But at the same time, McDonald is engaged in spinning a conspiracy theory here that conflates and links too many people and too many perspectives into a vision of an overarching conspiracy bent on creating some Christian Nationalist Theocracy here in Canada. It's a form of leftist envy...we want the Christians in this country to be as crazy as the ones we find south of the border and while there are some they aren't any where as numerous as in America. Read the book, it is worth it, but read it with one question present throughout...what's wrong with people of strong moral conviction engaging in the political sphere?
Profile Image for Nadine Lumley.
26 reviews6 followers
January 10, 2012

Marci McDonald, author of the upcoming The Armageddon Factor: The Rise of Christian Nationalism in Canada, says, "Harper has given the religious right a welcome and access in Ottawa and government they've never had before – and they've become used it."

http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/a...

Read First Chapter Free (scroll down page)
http://www.randomhouse.ca/catalog/dis...

Review for free on Google Books:
http://tinyurl.com/Evangelist-Harper


.
Profile Image for Hugh.
3 reviews
September 5, 2012
In her new book, award-winning journalist Marci McDonald draws back the curtain on the mysterious world of the right-wing Christian nationalist movement in Canada and its many ties to the Conservative government of Stephen Harper.

I copied that from a summary of the book. Every Canadian should read this book. It makes what Mr. Harper doing understandable, and to many, very freightening. Read it and make up your own mind.
1 review
November 9, 2010
An excellent book that exposes the close ties of the religious right to the current Conservative government of Canada.
241 reviews
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July 29, 2011
details organised and far reaching efforts to counteract secularism in Canadian institutions, schools and government. An eye opening book.
Profile Image for Spencer.
161 reviews24 followers
June 19, 2025
Now 15 years old, this book offers an eye-opening modern history of Christian nationalism in Canada leading up to the current events of the book. Often, as the book observes, Canadians look at American politics and turn up their noses and say, "Surely this will never happen here." Yet, as McDonald shows, such designs were being subtly enacted during the time of Stephen Harper, who at the time stood as a kind of victory moment for Christian nationalist hopes: the first evangelical Prime Minister willing to court and implement Christian nationalist policies.

The book charts the various personalities, institutions, ministries, and forms that Christian nationalism takes on: from the influence for Ernst Manning (the radio preacher and Premier of Alberta), to the alliances of Canada Christian College and other Bible Colleges with American TV preachers like John Hagee, Youth Ministry events like Acquire the Fire, various political think tanks and advocacy groups, various denomination influences (whether fundamentalist Baptist, Pentecostal, Reformed, or Catholic), etc.

Christian nationalism can be motivated by a number of convictions, whether anti-science creationism, anti-abortion and anti-same-sex marriage advocacy, Zionism, etc. McDonald notes a particularly powerful influence is eschatology, the "Armageddon Factor" (something I am keenly interested in as a theology professor that teaches eschatology). This utilizes forms of biblical literalism about eschatology to proclaim an imminent apocalypse and so, rally Christians to certain causes (like dismantling gay rights or support the war crimes of the state of Israel) while ignoring others (like responsible democratic governance, environmentalism, or peacemaking), demonizing enemies, excusing violence, all while seeing oneself as the persecuted good guys awaiting vindication or escape.

As a person that grow up in fundamentalist Christian circles, I found this book triggering: I read John Hagee growing up, believing his interpretation of prophecy about Israel; I went to Acquire the Fire and believed its battle worldview; I went to creationists seminars at Bible camp; I was apart of the pro-life club at my college; thus, I voted for Stephen Harper because he was the only "evangelical" option. We did not call ourselves "Christian nationalists," we just thought we were actively Christian where liberals did not believe in living out their faith.

The author of this book, despite being attacked as an "anti-Christian bigot" is actually a Christian, ironically enough, and as she regularly points out, there are many Christian politicians that simply do not think Christian nationalism is a Christian way to think about one's political responsibility to other human beings in one's country.

As I said, this book is now 15 years old. Trudeau defeated Harper just after this book was written. Trump was elected president. A global pandemic occurred. Trump was elected president again. The world is a very different place. Christian nationalism has regrouped. Apocalyptic rhetoric was invoked during the pandemic and Christian nationalism was subtly behind pandemic denial, refusal to follow restrictions, and vaccination skepticism. Christian nationalism is very much present still in the Conservative Party of Canada with their current leader, Pierre Poilievre. While Harper was measured and reasonable (and by all accounts sincere in his Christian convictions), Poilievre is a blowhard completely untethered to any commitment to accuracy, scapegoating whoever stands in his way, whether Justin Trudeau, transgender individuals, muslims, etc., and willing to court the soulless marriage of oil money and Christian fundamentalism. I fear some people just don't see this or don't care enough to see this.
Profile Image for Cris Miller.
52 reviews
May 20, 2024
Whew. What a big read. This book offered exactly the type of timeline and detail I needed, complete with an alarmingly familiar cast of Canadian political figures alongside various "household" evangelicals. For those of us in Alberta, especially those of us raised around the church, parts of this story were a little *too* familiar. I appreciated the comparisons to the rise of the religious right in the United States - while a book like this would have been critiqued without them, I do think it highlights a stronger theme that I see across Canadian politics: whatever the American right does, rest assured Canada is juuust a few years behind on the same trajectory.

Of course this book needed to end with a call to action, and McDonald left us with just that:
Profile Image for Adagiobear.
38 reviews9 followers
February 23, 2017
Excellent book, but it gave me nightmares. It's truly depressing that there are so many people in, and outside of, Canada who truly believe in this nonsensical and immoral religion and how desperately they want to control our schools, courts, and governments. Clearly, our educational systems are failing us.
Profile Image for Jane Harris.
Author 5 books10 followers
February 10, 2011
Marci McDonald`s understanding of the root causes and of evangelical culture, particularly in Western Canada is minimal and somewhat stereotypical. Still, her book brings to light serious issues regarding the role of political organizations in churches.

In light of the Aberhart era in Alberta, which did more than anything to tie religion to political manipulation, there is much we should be wary of when politicians recruit in churches.

A book worth reading, but it contains some misunderstandings of both theology and relationships between individuals and churches. Some people she calls leaders in the Christian right are not linked to those organizations at all. Others, particularly the more charismatic elements of the so-called Christian right, are barely on speaking terms with the more traditional members of conservative churches.

Marci also doesn`t seem to realize that, traditionally Canadian evangelicals called themselves CCFers or social reformers.

Not a bad start, but she needed to understand her subject --and the people she writes about -- better.

Profile Image for Adrian Hart.
30 reviews86 followers
May 25, 2014
There were actually few surprises in this book for me. I always had the sense that the Harper government was actively trying to import American-style religious politics into this country, opening the floodgates to allow the sickest and most depraved among the God-squad to mold this country into their own personal wet dream. This book just gave me one more reason to hate the Conservatives. I'm never voting for them again
Profile Image for Ibis3.
417 reviews36 followers
September 24, 2010
A very thorough examination of the growing influence of dispensationalist and other extreme Christian fringe groups upon Canadian politics. Though it could stand some improvements (e.g. a chapter on mainstream religious and progressive groups' responses), well worth the read. A blog post with a more detailed review is coming...
Profile Image for Gary Patton.
Author 4 books13 followers
February 9, 2013
A well-written analysis of the issues in Canada that concern and upset evangelical Christians documented from a liberal and Liberal perspective of equal concern by Ms. McDonald.

She clearly documents what frightens the left about Christian activism in Canada. You'll better understand the humanistic worldview after reading Marci's book.

Enjoy, learn, and don't get ulcers!

GaryFPatton
Profile Image for Pierre A Renaud.
196 reviews51 followers
July 6, 2013
A thoroughly researched historical and political account about the dominionist christian far-right's hijacking of the canadian conservative party (not dissimilar to that of the republican party in the USA) - and a wake-up call canadians are still ignoring at their risks and perils.
Displaying 1 - 22 of 22 reviews

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