When I’ve been digging and I’m tired and don’t want to do any more, I think how it could be me in the grave I’m working on. I wouldn’t want someone to stop digging for me ...
Anil Tissera is a forensic anthropologist, educated in England and America, but born in Sri Lanka, an expatriate not unlike the author himself. She comes back to the country of her birth, sent by a human rights organization to investigate allegation of crimes against humanity. Anil firmly believes that the truth shall set us free, and is diligent in trying to use science and hard facts to make her case, yet her journey is hampered by terrible secrets.
‘Most of time in our world, truth is just opinion.’
The observation comes from Sarath, an archeologist appointed as her direct supervisor by the government. He has stayed behind when others left the country, taking refuge in the studies of the past and hoping the violence will pass by him. ( I love history, the intimacy of entering all those landscapes. Like entering a dream. Someone nudges a stone away and there’s a story. ) Sarath tries to warn Anil about the dangers of careless words in a country engaged in a violent civil war, but sooner or later his conscience will clash with his survival instincts.
In a fearful nation, public sorrow was stamped down by the climate of uncertainty. If a father protested a son’s death, it was feared another family member would be killed. If people you knew disappeared, there was a chance they might stay alive if you did not cause trouble. This was the scarring psychosis in the country.
For me, this novel is every bit as powerful and evocative as ‘The English Patient’, with an added layer of pathos coming from the blood connection of the author with the tragedy of his country. Anil and Sarath, with later in the novel Gamini the surgeon and Ananda the painter of eyes, are the tools Ondaatje deploys to pull back the veil of silence and secrecy from the horrors of the civil war. To remain silent and aloof would have probably been a betrayal for him. The numerous atrocities described in the novel are soul crushing, yet the greatest achievement I think is in the little details that make Anil and the others human in their frailty and despair. We get to know Anil, the anchor of the whole story, though flashbacks of her childhood on the island, her studies, her failed first marriage and later her affair with a married man, a tender connection with a fellow forensic investigator (‘Between Heartbeats’ is such an apt chapter title) and a nervous breakdown. In the present, she rediscovers the lush tropical scenery, the noisy street life and the spicy food of her homeland while still pining for her distant lover and listening to Steve Earle – ‘Fearless Heart’ on her walkman. Sarath, Gamini and Ananda get their own backstories, as the main plot, such as it is in this multilayered novel, deals with the study of a skeleton nicknamed ‘Sailor’.
“Nothing lasts”, Palipana told them. “It is an old dream. Art burns, dissolves. And to be loved with the irony of history – that isn’t much.” He said this in his first class to his archeology students. He had been talking about books and art, about the ‘ascendancy of the idea’ being often the only survivor.
Palipana is the mentor of Sarath in his archeological studies. Here he reiterates one of the themes dear to Ondaatje: the role of art in a world gone mad. We will be pulled out of the ashes by the lessons of history and by the vision of artists, if only we are capable of listening to them. One of the the most memorable scenes for me in the book is a repeat of a similar act from the previous Ondaatje novel. There, an Indian soldier takes a nurse to a ruined church and, using ropes, pulleys and torches, illuminates the paintings of saints on the remaining walls. The moment is well captured in the movie version of ‘The English Patient’. Here, Sarath and his teacher go to the ancient cities on the island.
There are images carved into or painted on rock – a perspective of a village seen from the height of a nearby hill, a single line depicting a woman’s back bent over a child – that have altered Sarath’s perception of his world. Years ago he and Palipana entered unknown rock darknesses, lit a match and saw hints of colour.
Those images in caves through the smoke and firelight remain his guiding light and his anchor in the present troubles.
Sarath has a brother, Gamini, who works as a surgeon in the emergency room of a hospital in Colombo. Although clearly struggling with depression and witnessing daily the human cost of the war, Gamini has not given up on humanity. He saves what lives he can and eliminates everything else from his life, including sleep and a home, as trivialities.
This was when he stopped believing in man’s rule on earth. He turned away from every person who stood up for a war. Or the principle of one’s land, or pride of ownership, or even personal rights. All of these motives ended up somehow in the arms of careless power. One was no worse and no better than the enemy. He believed only in the mothers sleeping against their children, the great sexuality of spirit in them, the sexuality of care, so the children would be confident and safe during the night.
We would all live in a better world if we refused to embrace any cause that calls on us to hate or to kill other human beings. As Howard Zinn once said : “There is no flag large enough to cover the shame of killing innocent people.” Gamini is even more brief:
Just no more high horses, please. This is a war on foot.
Ananda is another casualty of the war. A former artist and restaurator, he turns to drink and backbreaking labor after his wife is kidnapped, never to be seen again. He is pulled into the work of Anil and Sarath in order to help identify a human skeleton discovered in an ancient cave. Anil believes it is of recent, not archeological origins, and wants to make ‘Sailor’ the keystone of her case. Ananda used to paint eyes on the statues of saints. In Sri Lanka that means mostly Buddhas, and the operation is held in high esteem since ancient times.
‘Without the eye there is not just blindness, there is nothing. There is no existence. The artificer brings to life sight and truth and presence. Later he will be honored with gifts.
Ondaatje uses the local artist as a path to redemption, but before we get there, all four of the main characters will go through hell and back. I will try to give no spoilers other than to say you cannot escape from the horrors of a civil war. You can only survive, if you are lucky. And you can try to make the next one less likely to happen, if you have a conscience and the courage to speak out. For Sri Lanka, any solution would have to come from inside, as Gamini gives voice to his disillusion in the so-called Western democracies:
‘American movies, English books – remember how they all end? The American or the Englishman gets on a plane and leaves. That’s it. The camera leaves with him. He looks out of the window at Mombasa or Vietnam or Jakarta, someplace now he can look at through the clouds. The tired hero. A couple of words to the girl beside him. He’s going home. So the war, to all purposes, is over. That’s enough reality for the West. It’s probably the history of the last two hundred years of Western political writing. Go home. Write a book. Hit the circuit.’
For the artist, the redemption is symbolic, as in the final pages of the novel Ananda is called to put back together a giant statue of Buddha that was blown to bits.
The face. It’s one hundred chips and splinters of stone brought together, merged, with the shadow of bamboo across its cheek. All its life until now the statue had never felt a human shadow. It had looked over these hot fields towards green terraces in the distant north. It had seen wars and offered peace or irony to those dying under it. Now sunlight hit the seams of its face, as if it were sewn roughly together. He wouldn’t hide that.
For the countless victims of the war, the new painted eyes on the restored Buddha offer a brief epitaph as they watch birds flying towards distant hills:
A small brave heart. In the heights she loved and in the dark she feared