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The Partnership: The Making of Goldman Sachs

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The inside story of one of the world?s most powerful financial InstitutionsNow with a new foreword and final chapter, The Partnership chronicles the most important periods in Goldman Sachs?s history and the individuals who built one of the world?s largest investment banks. Charles D. Ellis, who worked as a strategy consultant to Goldman Sachs for more than thirty years, reveals the secrets behind the firm?s continued success through many life-threatening changes. Disgraced and nearly destroyed in 1929, Goldman Sachs limped along as a break-even operation through the Depression and WWII. But with only one special service and one improbable banker, it began the stage-by-stage rise that took the firm to global leadership, even in the face of the world-wide credit crisis.

753 pages, Kindle Edition

First published January 1, 2008

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About the author

Charles D. Ellis

100 books86 followers
Charles “Charley” D. Ellis is an American investment consultant. In 1972, Ellis founded Greenwich Associates, an international strategy consulting firm focused on financial institutions. Ellis is known for his philosophy of passive investing through index funds, as detailed in his book Winning the Loser’s Game.

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5 stars
339 (29%)
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400 (34%)
3 stars
320 (27%)
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78 (6%)
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 60 reviews
Profile Image for Doug.
197 reviews14 followers
April 30, 2010
The Economist this week has a great statement regarding GS: "When GS went public in 1999 its prospectus began: 'Our clients' interests always come first. Our experience shows that if we serve our clients well, our own success will follow.' Only the most naive investor read that as a commitment to go-goodery rather than calculated self-interest." Unfortunately, the book takes these platitudes at face value - when GS does something right, the book gushes about Goldman Values, but when ethical lapses occur, we enter a universe of technicalities and nitpicking, plausible alternative hypotheses, and GS telling its partners to "learn to live with the conflicts of interest." The amazing thing about the GS story is that it managed to recruit, develop, and promote talent and had a system to have them work together and keep their interests aligned even as it grew and expanded. One only has to look at 80s Salomon Brothers, 90s LTCM, and 00s Enron and Lehman to see how easy it is to have a bunch of incredibly smart and ambitious people working together devolve into a Lord of the Flies free-for-all of greed and self-interest.
453 reviews
May 3, 2010
This was one of the worst financial books I've ever read. The author spent so much time gushing over Goldman that I thought I was going to be sick. Also, he organized the book by subject or person instead of chronological order it was virtually impossible to follow the timing of events that affected the company. I did learn some of the background about the company which is the only reason I didn't give it the lowest rating
Profile Image for Brian.
5 reviews2 followers
January 12, 2019
History of finance fascinates me and this book gives a great history of an important firm in our economy. It’s sad how a firm that was founded on such amazing principles has lost its way.
Profile Image for Ian Robertson.
89 reviews42 followers
December 27, 2014
Charles Ellis has written the definitive history of Goldman Sachs, relying on candid insight from dozens of the partnership's current and former leaders. In many ways the firm’s history parallels that of Wall Street, as Goldman Sachs (GS) was either a leader or near the forefront in the development of many practices: advisory services; trading desks, block trading, proprietary (prop) trading, private client services, prime brokerage, commodities trading, forex, hostile takeovers, and of course the benefit of a truly global footprint. Readers will learn about the dozens of leaders who shaped GS, how they strove for excellence in all areas, and how and why our modern capital markets have developed. What they will not receive however, is any policy perspective on whether or not investment banks should undertake some of their activities at all - a glaring omission given the book’s length and detail.

Goldman Sachs is unquestionably the pre-eminent investment bank today, and Ellis’ admiration comes across in his text. He unabashedly chronicles the significant steps in its evolution, noting disagreements and differences in style within leadership circles, but never stooping to malign individuals. When the firm or partners find themselves offside with New York DA Rudy Giuliani, Ellis highlights the impact on the firm, its operations, and its strategic direction, but he neither moralizes nor impugns an individual’s character. In one notable instance Ellis actually rises to the defence of a former partner, methodically dismissing both the charges of New York DA Rudy Giuliani and the shoddy journalism at the time by James Stewart, who later added insult to injury by immortalizing his mistakes in his classic book Den of Thieves. In short, those looking for character assassination, muckraking, and an expose on the moral failings of Wall Street will have to look elsewhere, including William Cohan’s excellent Money and Culture: How Goldman Sachs Came to Rule the World, and Greg Smith’s highly edited (censored?) Why I Left Goldman Sachs.

Though Ellis doesn’t highlight them, careful readers will see some of the potential conflicts as they develop. For example, there is a short passage on an agreement between GS and British company Woolworths whereby GS would keep the price of Woolworths’ stock above a certain level, something that would be unthinkable in today’s public markets. Similarly, the realization by GS leadership that information from unrealized management buy outs (MBOs) could subsequently be used to help outsiders undertake leveraged buy outs (LBOs) would appear to cross a line, as would the development of proprietary trading (i.e for GS’ own benefit) while simultaneously executing clients' trades on an agency basis. With respect to the then new field of asset management, Ellis notes “[The major underwriting firms] were definitely not in the investment management business, and they were, back then, explicit that being an investment management would be a clear conflict of interest. But that simple … policy could not hold up once Wall Street discovered how very profitable the asset-management business really was.” Much gentler words than Rolling Stone Magazine’s Matt Taibbi’s description of GS as a “great vampire squid wrapped around the face of humanity, relentlessly jamming its blood funnel into anything that smells like money,” but with a similar message; if an activity can make money and it’s not illegal, it will be considered.

The book is littered with names that will resonate outside the walls of the partnership and Wall Street - Hank Paulson, Robert Rubin, Robert Merton, Fisher Black, John Meriwether, Jon Corzine, and Lloyd Blankfein - some of whom are celebrated for further achievement, some for subsequent spectacular failure, and some for both. Even though GS’ early leaders’ names have largely faded from common parlance, their achievements are still easily recognizable - for example the underwriting of Ford’s 1956 IPO (which subsequently sank about 25%) - as are the achievements of more anonymous groups such as the mortgage backed bond group who belatedly realized that their investments had an embedded option and a feature known as convexity, and that changes in interest rates would impact homeowners’ refinancing activities. Perhaps a bit esoteric, but it has subsequently been taught to all CFA Charterholders and it is not uncommon to find reference in more detailed economic and business writing.

The Partnership: The Making of Goldman Sachs is a worthwhile contribution to the history of Wall Street. A bit long and dry for casual readers, the book should be read by those with an interest in Goldman Sachs (new GS recruits, prospective GS partners, and those working for competitors), and by those with an interest in the development of investment banking and finance.
6 reviews1 follower
October 17, 2012
The sole purpose of the book is to glorify GS. It is especially amusing to read this book simultaneously with a history of any other bank (Citibank/Wriston in my case), compare and cut the BS. Even Greenspan's memoirs were more entertaining and informative. I did not learn anything about economy or finance from this book, again, Greenspan did much better in this respect. On the other hand what I've learned from the book is the fact that if you are not white English-speaking male with a law degree, you pretty much don't have chances to climb up in GS structure. The author assures us GS does not fire ppl, and then the reader discovers GS actually lays off quite a lot and quite often. The book repeats over and over again GS grows leaders from within, and then later the reader learns that most of the stars were lateral hires. The book reads like badly written management 101 textbook: on p. 648 there are 13 instances of the root 'lead',because GS is all about leadership. You will learn that any wrongdoings of GS described in the 'Den of Thieves' are simply not true. Similarly you may as well forget what you've read about GS in 'When Genius Failed'.
Profile Image for Nick Black.
Author 2 books901 followers
July 3, 2010
First 1/2 was pretty good, a nice Horatio Alger story with lots of American Jewish pride. The latter half -- and especially the egregious, miserable last fourth -- paid the price for the inside story. If I wanted a firm prospectus, I'd order one. Only in the Afterwards is it revealed -- though one has long suspected -- that Mr. Ellis did thirty years' work with Goldman. Kind of a fraud you've perpetrated on the reader, sir, I've got to say!
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So I'm thinking I might go work for Goldman Sachs after my PhD, or maybe even intern there or something...
69 reviews
June 29, 2009
Great history on Goldman Sachs, lots of behind the scene stories
154 reviews1 follower
March 29, 2025
Trying to read this is a bit of a challenge. Particularly when one had read books by the likes of Sorkin. I"m a huge fan of Sorkin. Having read both "Too big to fail" and watched the HBO's cinematic version adaptation of the drama with the same title, reading this felt like an unnecessary prequel.

The name drop of Paulson, Blankfein, Thain was the faint glimmer in otherwise pretty dry and arid storytelling of Goldman's origin mythology.

Don't get me wrong, the saga of Ford IPO's with Sidney Weinberg panicking over his accidentally leaving behind confidential paper or his prank or his antics and quirks are pretty entertaining. The same can be said of the stoic and introverted quirk of Gus Levy or calculating and measured styles of whitehead is pretty engaging. However, it pales in comparison to Sorkin's touch.

That being said, this book is plenty informative and some of the quotes from this book are just brilliant. To give the book some justice after my disparaging remarks here the quote from the book that the author isn't re-quoting from someone else "..if everyone somehow believes something is true - even if it isn't - that "truth" can become more real than reality. As always, it's hard to prove a negative, particularly when everybody "knows" a false positive" again fails in comparison to Sorkin but ain't half bad.

My second beef with the author is how apologetic it seems he is to Goldman Sachs in large. Everything seems to be the market irrational fault. In the case of Maxwell, the wording seems to suggest it was an isolated event. But time and time again, Goldman Sachs seems to be in the hotwater for all the wrong reason.

When the author claims that Goldman Sachs has an outstanding integrity, with so much leaves in the ground, one wonders is the author oblivious of the gale of wind that blews all the leaf to the ground? All that stank, something is truly rotten in Denmark. The author couldn't just remain obtuse.

Malaysia in particular, under Najib suffered under massive debt financed through 1mdb unscrupulous ways of raising capital through Goldman. Is this what the author would view an isolated event? Evidence presented to court even suggest that the scam extend upwards the heirarcy, may even reached as high as Blankfein. Suppose the evident isn't quite strong, could the author claim again honestly that Goldman is out there continually uphelding the highest integrity?

All in all, I wouldn't say an entertaining and necesary read. But if you have the book, sure, give it a read.
Profile Image for Ajay.
336 reviews
November 21, 2019
This book has some flaws, the perspective and tone is too favorable or positive of the firm. The writing is organized by person or theme rather than chronologically in a fashion that is extremely difficult to follow at times. The book takes many of the platitudes that Goldman Sachs publishes (their values) very seriously, stressing their good behavior, but rarely dwelving deeply into their ethical shortcomings. For example, Goldman's role in the Dotcom Bubble and Credit Crisis is barely touched upon in a substantive way. Their influence on government (the revolving door) and how they utilized high-level influence is hinted at, but never truly explored. This book had a lot of potential to cast a deeply intimate look at the inner-workings of one of the world's most important organization. It's also important to note that the primary focus of this book in narrative arc and content matter is to discuss the building and expansion of the firm in the style more of a history than a modern discussion. Interestingly enough, while the book is fairly comprehensive in it's detail - it does go on for 752 pages - it lacks something of great importance, cohesive themes or greater commentary on the topic it discusses. Simply put, this book is a collection of historical accounts, facts, and opinions, but it lacks an opinion of it's own.

The amazing thing about this story is how it explains the system that Goldman Sachs used to recruit, develop, and promote talent and had a system to have them work together and keep their interests aligned even as it grew and expanded. Moreover, it dives deeply into the motivations and decisions of key leaders of the firm throughout it's history and does a great job about narrating some of the firms most crucial initiatives and deals. All of this is exceptionally valuable insight for anyone interested in business strategy, particularly in the financial sector.

Profile Image for LaanSiBB.
305 reviews18 followers
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April 19, 2020
Cronyism has a different implication in the bank industry, as it highly relies on trust and partnership, this makes it different from manufacture or service goods, and in a way promote monopoly in nature. This monopolistic trait has determined how banks must gain support from political leaders and absorbing legal risks, in the case of Goldman Sachs, talking about government ruling without mentioning banks will merely fall into empty debates.

Yet, what does it reveals? Maybe the way of team management should be investigated and compared to a national context, cronyism while having sense of ownership of the working group you belong to. French existentialists had already examined the importance of taking responsibility for oneself, which is preceded existence. Taking group responsibility might fall into the delusion of nationalism or even fascism, as the nature of work is retention and always "not there yet". This will provide insights for a political goal, is not only opening discussion for social responsibility, but the potentiality that we all can participate in. Physical worlds have many limitations and we use game to imitate them, what's next to keep working towards this goal?
Profile Image for Tulga G.
92 reviews32 followers
June 14, 2025
It was a great reading in my prespective as it travelled from a beginning of Goldman Sachs and its progressive years of becoming a one of the biggest multinational investment bank in the world. Becoming a leading bank with its Commercial paper business, Goldman Sachs expanded its strategies to become a leading investment bank facing many challenges and obstacles. They didn't shortcut to its success, but built everything as the block trade, the underwriting, the bond trades, commodities and also derivatives, lastly going overseas in their own way. I was quite happy reading the details of financial deals and progresses throughout this book which is highly recommended to ones who are interested in investment banking.
Profile Image for Stone.
190 reviews13 followers
October 23, 2017
Unfortunately, this book feels overwhelmingly like a soft sell for Goldman Sachs given the background of the author and the fact that almost anything negative (particularly regarding Goldman Sachs' infamous role during the subprime mortgage crisis) about the company was intentionally sifted out. Didn't bother finishing the whole thing as I was quite disappointed. The anecdotes however give some memorable yet occasionally gloomy perspectives that one might be interested in.
105 reviews
January 16, 2025
The early history of the firm is very interesting and there is a candid analysis of early major failures of the Goldman Sachs Investment Trust and Penn Central commercial paper. The growth of the firm and its transition to a trading focus is interesting. The second half of the book is uncritical marketing fluff and a bit embarrassing to read, but there is some foreshadowing of future scandals (e.g. 1MDB) in the Robert Maxwell incident.
107 reviews2 followers
March 17, 2024
The lay person believes (not all) that companies like Goldman Sachs are nothing but evil companies that feed on the weak and un knowledgeable. But this book shows the human face of Goldman Sachs, how it was made of flaw humans just like the rest of us. We need to keep that in mind when we look at any corporation. This was a long but good read.
Profile Image for Yeap Naw.
81 reviews
June 19, 2017
Long book but important in understanding the history and change in the finance giant
Profile Image for Todd Benschneider.
88 reviews4 followers
August 23, 2018
Interesting read by an Ivy League professor on Goldman Sach's version of their own history
181 reviews1 follower
October 24, 2018
I cannot believe anyone wants to know this much detail about Goldman Sachs. Mindnumbing.
40 reviews1 follower
March 15, 2019
Though the book is longer than it needs to be due to repetitive statements in some chapters. There are nuggets of business insight scattered throughout.
Profile Image for Stefan Bruun.
281 reviews64 followers
August 24, 2023
An interesting study of the origins of the cultural evolution and development of fast paced and industry leading company
7 reviews
February 17, 2025
Well worth the read, this book provides insight into masterful strategic thinking in the world of finance.
58 reviews8 followers
June 29, 2025
long but filled with rich insights into a great American institution and the last century of capitalism.
Profile Image for Kristina.
9 reviews1 follower
February 18, 2017
“...because most of what we say and do is not essential. If you can eliminate it, you'll have more time and more tranquillity. Ask yourself at every moment, is this necessary…”
620 reviews48 followers
February 16, 2009
Fascinating history of the venerable investment house

Every great company invariably encounters crises that can cripple its growth or propel it to greatness. Goldman Sachs, the biggest name in investment banking, has survived, though other titans, such as Bear Stearns, have fallen. However, Goldman Sachs became a traditional bank holding company amid 2008’s tumult on Wall Street and is no longer an investment bank. Charles D. Ellis, a strategic consultant to Goldman Sachs and other financial firms for more than 30 years, has written an exhaustive company history. He analyzes the firm’s numerous triumphs and notable missteps. He shines a spotlight on the powerful personalities who shaped the firm’s development over 140 years, including several men who went on to play major roles in the U.S. government.. This detailed portrayal of pivotal individuals includes revealing anecdotes, and provides insight into the formation of Goldman Sachs’s unique culture and philosophy. At more than 700 pages, including extensive notes, the book requires a serious commitment, but getAbstract believes this absorbing history will reward you amply for your time.
Profile Image for Tobias.
30 reviews20 followers
May 8, 2014
A substantial read, but if you're interested in investing and the financial industry and / or understanding how to build a great Company & culture, this books has a plethora of insights and anecdotes from Goldman Sachs inception up until the midst of the most recent financial crisis.

Although I gained a lot of useful insights in the book, a few examples of what it demonstrated to me was:

Successful leadership and succession.

What it truly means to have a relentless work ethic, aka. 6am meetings working until 11-12 o'clock at night!

How to draw the best people in by the culture, future prospects, challenges and 'average' pay.

Going for opportunities, such as expanding into Europe via London, with big challenges and learning curves, but persistence and unconventional thinking enabled them to thrive, alongside positioning themselves with the right advisors and demonstrating their abilities through small opportunities that would soon enough turn into big profits for them thanks to their long-term view of operating.
Profile Image for Marks54.
1,567 reviews1,226 followers
April 13, 2011
This is a company history of Goldman Sachs written by a former consultant. It is long and comprehensive but holds ones attention well. At its worst, it comes across as a "company" history that might go easy on the firm. There is little talk about vampire squids here. However, it turns out that it is surprisingly informative and not without some real criticisms, especially of the more recent administrations. The high point of the book is how it actually explains how the business works - how the volume aspect of trading works, how the mathematical modeling (Black - Scholes), how the proprietary research works. It downplays a bit the propensity of senior execs of the firm to get themselves placed in the high ranks of policy makers, and what that could mean. Overall, it was a book that I went back to many times and is really informative about how large professional service firms work that goes well beyond what you read about in the papers or see on CNBC. A surprisingly good book
Profile Image for Dmitry.
99 reviews
December 29, 2012
Despite the length of the book, I enjoyed it tremendously. It is a great read with very deep insight into the formation of the company over the years and its evolution over the decades, generations, and changes in the marketplace. The most interesting part for me was the description of new market challenges and the approaches that the firm took to establish its leadership. The book was published prior to the unfolding of the financial crisis, with little discussion given to the development of the toxic derivatives. The author definitely favors the firm, which sometimes is made to look like it can do no wrong. The disturbing part was watching the company gradually stepping away from the fundamental principles established by the early partners and the outcomes that this has led to.
Profile Image for Javier.
90 reviews4 followers
May 30, 2016
I enjoyed this book. The story of how Goldman Sachs from its humble beginnings in 1869 as an issuer of commercial paper run by a father-in-law and son-in-law's partnership grew to become one of the most powerful investment banking firms on Wall Street.

The book is full of situations where Goldman Sachs made a decision to leverage their customer relations to enter new businesses to grow the firm such as block trading, private wealth management, takeover defense, bond trading, M&A, investment banking, and going international.

It talks in detail about the management style and remarkable stories of Goldman Sachs CEOs such as Sidney Weinberg, Gus Levy, John Whitehead, John Weinberg, Bob Rubin, Stephen Friedman, Hank Paulson, John Corzine, and Loyd Blankfein.
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