유교사상을 완성한 맹자의 철학이 담긴 정치사상서 <맹자>를 번역한 책. 전국시대의 사회적 혼란과 사상적 위기 상황 속에서 공자의 가르침을 지키고 그것을 현실에 접목시키려고 했던 맹자의 사상이 <맹자>에 어떻게 반영되고 있는지 살펴본다. 인간과 사회, 역사 등을 대상으로 한 맹자의 다양한 언급들을 구체적인 맥락 위에서 해석하고 있다.
이 번역본에서는 원문을 따라가는 직역이 아닌 의미의 전달을 위주로 <맹자>를 해설하였다. 본문만으로는 의미 전달이 미약한 구절이나 본문을 이해하는 데 필요한 고유 명사와 개념을 대상으로 주석을 덧붙이고, 각 장의 번역문 뒤에 원문을 함께 수록하였다.
Mencius (Chinese: 孟子; pinyin: Mèng Zǐ; Wade–Giles: Meng Tzu; Zhuyin Fuhao: ㄇㄥˋ ㄗˇ, most accepted dates: 372 – 289 BCE; other possible dates: 385 – 303/302 BCE) was a Chinese philosopher who was arguably the most famous Confucian after Confucius himself.
Also known by his birth name Meng Ke or Ko, Mencius was born in the State of Zou, now forming the territory of the county-level city of Zoucheng (originally Zouxian), Shandong province, only thirty kilometres (eighteen miles) south of Qufu, Confucius' birthplace.
He was an itinerant Chinese philosopher and sage, and one of the principal interpreters of Confucianism. Supposedly, he was a pupil of Confucius' grandson, Zisi. Like Confucius, according to legend, he travelled China for forty years to offer advice to rulers for reform. During the Warring States Period (403–221 BCE), Mencius served as an official and scholar at the Jixia Academy in the State of Qi (1046 BCE to 221 BCE) from 319 to 312 BCE. He expressed his filial devotion when he took an absence of three years from his official duties for Qi to mourn his mother's death. Disappointed at his failure to effect changes in his contemporary world, he retired from public life.
Mencius is buried in the "Mencius Cemetery" (孟子林, Mengzi Lin, also known as 亚圣林, Yasheng Lin), which is located 12 km to the northeast of Zoucheng's central urban area. A stele carried by a giant stone tortoise and crowned with dragons stands in front of his grave.