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Străinul; Ciuma; Căderea; Exilul și împărăția

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Scriitorul și filosoful francez A. Camus, pentru că "a pus în lumină problemele care se impun în zilele noastre conștiinței oamenilor", i s-a decernat premiul Nobel pentru literatură. "Străinul" (roman scris in 1942) mărturisește că "absurdul este prin însăși prin esența sa"; el nu este nici în om, nici în lume, "el se naște în confruntarea lor". "Ciuma" (roman scris după război, în 1947) preconizează o morală colectivă care exaltă solidaritatea umană în fața răului.

480 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 1947

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About the author

Albert Camus

1,077 books37.7k followers
Works, such as the novels The Stranger (1942) and The Plague (1947), of Algerian-born French writer and philosopher Albert Camus concern the absurdity of the human condition; he won the Nobel Prize of 1957 for literature.

Origin and his experiences of this representative of non-metropolitan literature in the 1930s dominated influences in his thought and work.

He also adapted plays of Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Lope de Vega, Dino Buzzati, and Requiem for a Nun of William Faulkner. One may trace his enjoyment of the theater back to his membership in l'Equipe, an Algerian group, whose "collective creation" Révolte dans les Asturies (1934) was banned for political reasons.

Of semi-proletarian parents, early attached to intellectual circles of strongly revolutionary tendencies, with a deep interest, he came at the age of 25 years in 1938; only chance prevented him from pursuing a university career in that field. The man and the times met: Camus joined the resistance movement during the occupation and after the liberation served as a columnist for the newspaper Combat.

The essay Le Mythe de Sisyphe (The Myth of Sisyphus), 1942, expounds notion of acceptance of the absurd of Camus with "the total absence of hope, which has nothing to do with despair, a continual refusal, which must not be confused with renouncement - and a conscious dissatisfaction."
Meursault, central character of L'Étranger (The Stranger), 1942, illustrates much of this essay: man as the nauseated victim of the absurd orthodoxy of habit, later - when the young killer faces execution - tempted by despair, hope, and salvation.

Besides his fiction and essays, Camus very actively produced plays in the theater (e.g., Caligula, 1944).

The time demanded his response, chiefly in his activities, but in 1947, Camus retired from political journalism.

Doctor Rieux of La Peste (The Plague), 1947, who tirelessly attends the plague-stricken citizens of Oran, enacts the revolt against a world of the absurd and of injustice, and confirms words: "We refuse to despair of mankind. Without having the unreasonable ambition to save men, we still want to serve them."

People also well know La Chute (The Fall), work of Camus in 1956.

Camus authored L'Exil et le royaume (Exile and the Kingdom) in 1957. His austere search for moral order found its aesthetic correlative in the classicism of his art. He styled of great purity, intense concentration, and rationality.

Camus died at the age of 46 years in a car accident near Sens in le Grand Fossard in the small town of Villeblevin.

Chinese 阿尔贝·加缪

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5 stars
198 (44%)
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172 (38%)
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62 (13%)
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 30 reviews
Profile Image for Murray.
Author 151 books748 followers
March 4, 2024
This review is for The Plague

I stated earlier that reading this book in 2023 it’s impossible to ignore the similarities to the pandemic Camus writes about and the Covid pandemic we’ve only recently emerged from. Diseases may differ but pandemics look the same.

This is a book of two things: death and love.

💀🐀It begins like a horror story with thousands of rats 🐀 emerging from their nooks and crannies and dying in agony and gouts of blood. Then all seems well once most of them are dead after weeks have gone by. The city relaxes and breathes easy once more. And, of course, that’s when the killer strikes again, and now it’s the people who are dying like rats.

Once the city is quarantined from the world the pace of the book slows down. It becomes more philosophical as characters ponder why God - if there is a God - permits pestilence and mass death and acute human suffering. Is love enough? Is love even possible? Or is nothing stronger than pain and death? Two of the main protagonists in the story, the priest and the doctor, often debate these things while the doctor carries on trying to save as many from the plague as he can.

It is a slower moving tale than, say, The Outsider. That’s because The Plague is longer and has many more questions. It is definitely for the reader who is in a more reflective mood and prepared to dwell for a time on some of the most crucial dilemmas of human existence.

Yet this is all dressed up in story and a plethora of fascinating characters who have their own struggles and go through their own changes as the Black Death continues to devour thousands.

✍🏻 Camus’s writing is strong yet still both delicate and intricate.
Profile Image for Andrei Bădică.
392 reviews10 followers
March 23, 2021
De departe, "Ciuma" a fost o lectură antrenantă, dar și dureroasă. Asemenea locuitorilor din Oran, noi încă suntem prinși, de un an, în mrejele acestei boli care nu dă semne de încetare. Nici "Străinul" nu mi-a displăcut, dintre povestirile din "Exilul și împărăția", "Oaspetele" mi-a trezit amintiri nostalgice.

"Cum să-ți poți închipui, de pildă, un oraș fără porumbei, fără arbori și grădini, unde nu auzi nici bătăi de aripi, nici foșnet de frunze, un loc neutru, ca să spunem tot?"

"Concetățenii noștri muncesc mult, dar totdeauna doar ca să se îmbogățească. Sunt interesați, mai ales, de comerț și, în primul rând, chiar după cum spun ei, să facă afaceri. Firește, au și slăbiciunea bucuriilor simple, iubesc femeile, cinematograful și băile în mare. Dar, foarte înțelept, ei păstrează aceste plăceri pentru sâmbătă seara și duminică, încercând, în celelalte zile ale săptămânii, să câștige mulți bani."
Profile Image for Solodchi Andreea.
200 reviews31 followers
July 30, 2020
Omul. Condiția umană. Absurdul. Constrângeri sociale. Regulile societății. Prejudecăți. Etichete.

Acestea sunt doar câteva din temele ce ies la suprafață din adâncimile învolburate ale acestei cărți de-o profunzime nemaipomenită.

Romanul are un început halucinant ce ar provoca multora avalanșe de emoții și noduri în gât: "Mama a murit astazi". Însă, personajul principal este detașat de situație, lipsit de sentimente, indiferent. De aici decurg evenimentele care îl duc în final la o crimă și-un proces. Toate te duc cu gândul la "Procesul" lui Kafka, ambele pierdute în zona existențialismului absurd.
Profile Image for Andrei Birladeanu.
1 review8 followers
May 7, 2015
First word that comes to my mind is 'magnificent'. The style of Camus's writing is unbelievably approachable, with no futile metaphors or pointless descriptions. Leaving the sterile theoretics of the philosophers aside, Albert Camus succeeds in highlighting the most important issues (at least in my point of view) of the common man.
The message of each and every story makes one think deeply about the relationship between the individual and society, about what we have to encounter to blindly remain in the area of ''accepted'', as in The Stranger. Maybe our existence in the microuniverse that we create is going to transcend to a collective one once The Plague is in town.
What if one day, walking across a bridge you would hear a laughter behind you, but no one would be there ? What if this laughter marks off a sudden awakening, the realization of your own hollowness. Everything was on the right path, but this path did not represent a genuine one, it was just living on the surface. The Fall tells this kind story, except that the biblical and Dantesque references (the canals of Amsterdam, where the story begins appear as a series of concentric circles emerging from the city centre, which led Camus to liken them to the circles of Hell) make it even more symbolic.
Finally, The Exile and the Kingdom emphasizes the solitary condition of human, the non-sense and untimeliness of religion and raises one last important question: is freewill really a thing ? are we not fighting against a preset destiny ?
Liberté, fraternité, absurdité
Profile Image for Lucian Siriteanu.
1 review1 follower
September 7, 2014
The Outsider: I really think that the main character is a complex and unique one. He can be described from two perpectives: existence and essence, and the first one is always going to preceed the other one. He eats before the funeral, he has sex before taking any commitment, he searches for confort and risks the arabian's attack. Eating,loving,confort=existence but
being indifferent, absurd and atheist=lack of essense

He does not have expectations and he expects nothing from nobody. It's interesting when he is being placed in a absurd-absurd conflict: him under the light of absurd and the schocking reality that has been changed by the people present in the court in his disadvantage. He accepts his sentence, although he appears empty and nude in front of the world, maybe exactly like the world reflects in his eyes.
I don't neceserly? agree with Meursault, nor like him but i appreciate his truth, his responsabilty, and his freedom's spirit.

I think sometimes is healthy to throw away the image that we think the society wants us to promote and maybe sometimes be a little bit more indifferent, by taking the responsable choice of simply not caring that much
Profile Image for Nadina Prostire.
14 reviews17 followers
January 25, 2019
Așa mi-ar plăcea să stau de vorbă cu acest om. Nu am întâlnit un scriitor care să vrea să explice atât de ușor și simplu emoțiile și trăirile umane în anumite circumstanțe. Nu mi s-a părut greoi de citit, ba dimpotrivă. Lectura a decurs lin cu pasaje de reflexie asupra celor citite. E musai să stai să citești această carte într-un ritm liniștit, pentru a putea asimila cât mai multe dintre ideile lui Camus.
Profile Image for Sinead.
532 reviews10 followers
August 5, 2016
Read the Outsider only...
I am glad that this novel is short as it certainly gives you a lot to think about and to take in – it was not a book I read over to cover in one evening. I had to savour, digest and think long and hard about the themes that came up. For example, the characters rejection of normality with his acquaintances and even his own mother shocks you but yet raises the essential question of why we have a bond with certain people in our lives but not with others? Certainly, Camus simplistic way of writing holds your attention but yet makes you uncomfortable as you ponder your own morality and that of the society around you.

Meursault, the main character of this novel is an unusual character that comes from a widely different way of thinking. His outlook on life is obtuse and widely different from your average person.

Meursault makes me smile in certain parts of the book as his lack of hang ups and living in the moment ideology really raises eyebrows but he can be annoying with his laid back, almost unfeeling way of being. He angered me with his callousness toward some, especially toward the violence shown to Raymond’s girlfriend.

Nevertheless, I enjoyed the way Meursault talks directly to you as if you are in the room with him and makes no apologies for who he is or what he does – he expects you to accept him and if you don’t then that’s OK too – his honesty is refreshing at some points. In a way, you almost admire him for his ability to live in the moment and being free to be who he wants to be.
Profile Image for Alexandra Anghel.
38 reviews21 followers
February 21, 2017
Două pentru picaturile cu care m-am împins să termin acest volum deloc neglijabil cantitativ.
Calitativ însă, și, din păcate pentru rangul numelui autorului, a fost pură dezamăgire.
Părând concentrat mai mult pe structură și stil, se ignoră sau, cel mult, se subțiază atenția acordată închegării personajelor din care curge o poveste la fel de neînchegată; vezi "Ciuma".
Totul pare schițat, dezlânat, iar una dintre nuvele, și anume "Căderea" e umplută cu divagații și gânduri dezordonate de tip jurnal.
Exceptând "Străinul", cu care se deschide volumul și care m-a captat într-o oarecare măsură, restul cărții a fost târâtă până la ultima pagină.
Profile Image for Andra Buzatu.
137 reviews26 followers
December 31, 2020
Am luat cartea cu gandul de a citi “Ciuma” si atat. Din intamplare am dat peste primele fraze din “Strainul” si m-am decis pe loc sa il citesc. Asta se intampla in vara chiar dupa decesul soacrei. Apoi a urmat “Ciuma”. Apoi a fost o pauza lunga de cateva luni presarata cu multe alte carti.
Acum la finalul anului 2020 am revenit la Camus. E un exercitiu interesant sa il citesti pe Camus la cumpana dintre ani, mai ales la finalul unui an precum 2020.
Profile Image for Nakisa.
3 reviews
April 22, 2014
He refuses to lie.Lying is not only saying whats isn't true .it is also in fact especially, saying more then one feels.we all do it ever day, to make life simpler
Profile Image for Laurentiu D..
23 reviews
May 17, 2019
Rating-ul meu ar fi 4.5... dar fiind constrâns la stele întregi, rămân la 4.
Neobișnuit de actuale unele teme.
Profile Image for Silvia Paizan.
77 reviews15 followers
May 4, 2020
Nu-mi place să citesc cărți care cuprind mai multe cărți foarte diferite între ele. Ce le leagă e sinceritatea sfâșietoare și un simț de observație care mă face să mă simt dezbrăcată.
Profile Image for Lavinia Marcu.
57 reviews2 followers
Read
December 19, 2020
Singura carte pe care am putut-o citi la începutul pandemiei...
Profile Image for Diana Trăncău.
330 reviews8 followers
November 7, 2023
„Ca să nu mai fii îndoielnic, trebuie să nu mai fii, pur și simplu.”
Profile Image for Sandra Deaconu.
796 reviews128 followers
January 31, 2025
Mi-a plăcut Străinul, dar nu mă pot împrieteni cu stilul.

,,Nu mi-a plăcut niciodată să fiu luat prin surprindere. Când mi se întâmplă ceva, prefer să fiu de față."

,,Primăvara se anunță numai prin calitatea aerului, sau prin coșurile de flori pe care mici vânzători le aduc prin împrejurimi; e o primăvară care se vinde prin piețe."

,,Bărbații și femeile fie că se devoră rapid în ceea ce se cheamă actul dragostei, fie că se lasă prinși într-o lungă obișnuință în doi."

,,Întrebare: cum să faci să nu-ți pierzi timpul? Răspuns: să-l resimți pe toată durata lui."

,,un război este desigur prea stupid, dar asta nu-l împiedică să dureze."

,,Și cum un om mort nu are preț decât dacă l-ai văzut mort, o sută de milioane de cadavre semănate de-a lungul istoriei nu sunt în închipuire decât un fum."

,,Cu toți se întâmplă la fel: te însori, iubirea mai durează puțin, muncești. Muncești atât de mult încât uiți să mai iubești."

,,se întâmplă să suferi multă vreme fără să știi."

,,Nu sunt fericită că plec, dar nu e nevoie să fii fericit ca s-o iei de la capăt."

,,Răul care este în lume vine aproape întotdeauna din ignoranță, și bunele intenții, dacă nu sunt luminate de conștiință, pot să facă tot atâtea stricăciuni ca și răutatea."

,,- ... Acuma știu că omul este capabil de fapte mari. Dar dacă nu este capabil de un sentiment mare, atunci nu mă interesează.
- Se pare că este capabil de orice, spuse Tarou.
- Ba nu, este incapabil să sufere sau să fie fericit multă vreme. Nu este prin urmare capabil de nimic de seamă."

,,la oameni este totdeauna posibil controlul."

,,obișnuința disperării este mai rea decât disperarea însăși."

,,Sentimentul că ești în dreptul tău, mulțumirea de a avea dreptate, bucuria de a te stima pe tine însuți sunt, dragă domnule, tot atâtea resorturi puternice care ne ajută să rezistăm sau să mergem înainte. Dimpotrivă, dacă-i lipsești pe oameni de aceste sentimente, îi vezi cum se preschimbă în câini furioși."

,,Nu, în prietenul care tocmai ne-a părăsit iubim doar mortul de curând dus la groapă, moartea dureroasă, emoția noastră, pe scurt, pe noi înșine!"

,,Să poruncești e ca și cum ai respira, nu credeți? Până și cei mai nenorociți ajung să respire."

,,Numai propria-ți moarte îi convinge pe oameni de temeinicia motivelor tale, de sinceritatea ta, de adâncimea sufeinței tale. Atâta vreme cât trăiești, cazul tău e îndoielnic, n-ai dreptul decât la scepticismul lor."

,,Fericirea și succesele nu se iartă decât atunci când consimți să le împarți din plin cu alții. Dar ca să fii fericit trebuie să nu te ocupi prea mult de ceilalți... Nu ai de ales decât între a fi fericit, dar judecat, sau iertat, dar nefericit."

,,lipsa durerii nu-i oare totuna cu bucuria..."
Profile Image for Chrissey.
195 reviews30 followers
July 27, 2015
!!This review is only about 'The Outsider', but i couldn't find an edition of it alone on here!!

Okay. This book is only 118 pages long, so a lot of depth had to be put into a short story. In the beginning I wasn't quite sure about the writing style and I was wondering if it had anything to do with being a translation. It is written in very short sentences, which incredibly frustrates me in general, but I do have to admit, in this case there was a point to it and it really did accentuate the narrator's character.
I did feel like the book could have or maybe should have been longer as to establish the story better as i felt it was very abrupt and confusing as nothing ever got expanded on. I suppose that was the attention of the author, but I felt there was more potential there.
I did like the narrator and the point the book was making - that we have a preconceived expectation of 'normal' behaviour in society and cannot deal with someone who does not fit the criteria, thus labeling them 'Outsider'.
There were a lot of truths spoken by the narrator and i could identify with him a lot, which probably doesn't speak in my favour, but oh well...
In conclusion - I liked the moral of the story, but I wish it would've been longer.
Profile Image for Nicola.
54 reviews
June 2, 2008
The Outsider: I enjoyed this, but I hated the main character. He turned out to be a despicable person and quite possibly one of the biggest idiots in fiction. I think he deserved to be an outsider, as anyone who shoots a person to death because he was hot that day, is a difficult person to understand. I tried to see his point of view, but I could not. Still, an interesting book and worth reading.
Profile Image for Sanapathi Prasad.
3 reviews1 follower
March 25, 2014
I read only outsider. A perfect classic from camus. The book is presented so lavishly, free flow and at times looks very slow. But the content and the understanding you get at the end is good. This makes us think what actually this society looks at an true outsider.
Profile Image for Teju.
43 reviews
October 25, 2015
One things for sure - it is a strange book. It's certainly not comfortable easy reading that will put you in a better mood. Of course he is an exceptionally gifted writer and in French, I am sure it is even more powerful in French. Definitely worth a read- maybe more than one.
Profile Image for Steven McCall.
5 reviews1 follower
July 31, 2011
Only 'The Outsider'. Excellent read. Slow to start off but once you reach the end the whole thing hits you full force. Great ideas on morality and religion/atheism
Profile Image for Kanika.
17 reviews
March 19, 2014
I've only read The Outsider and it was quite intense for a such a small book. It leaves you marked in some way you can't decipher.
Profile Image for Daria.
11 reviews4 followers
July 4, 2024
,, M-a întrebat atunci dacă nu mi-ar plăcea o schimbare în viață. Am răspuns că nu schimbi niciodată viața, că în orice caz toate viețile sunt la fel și că a mea, aici, nu-mi displăcea deloc." - Străinul

,, Niciodată meseria sa nu i se păruse atât de grea lui Rieux. Până atunci bolnavii îi ușurau sarcina, i se dăruiau. Pentru prima oară medicul îi simțea reticenți, refugiați în adâncul bolii lor cu un fel de mirare neîncrezătoare. Era o luptă cu care încă nu era obișnuit. "- Ciuma

,, Această lume fără dragoste era ca o lume moartă și că vine totdeauna un ceas când te obosesc închisorile, munca și curajul, și implori chipul unei ființe și inima vrăjităa tandreței" - Ciuma

,, Singura fericire pe care i-o dădea el era aceea de a se ști necesară. Nu o iubea, era sigură de asta. Dragostea, chiar când urăște, nu are chipul acesta posomorât. Dar care e adevăratul ei chip? "- Exilul și împărăția

,,Dar cine poate dormi toată viața singur? Doar cei pe care harul sau nefericirea i-au smuls dintre semenii lor. Ei dorm, noapte de noapte, în pat alături cu moartea." - Exilul și împărăția
Profile Image for Alice Rojas.
42 reviews
February 26, 2025
I liked The Adulterous Woman and The Artist at Work the best of all the stories! The Silent Men was very good! I did a little research to see what the people were saying too but I thought there was a theme of isolation vs community and religion as something practiced as is our nature, outside of institution (Camus doesn’t seem to fw institutions point blank?- I don’t know!). Very relevant, very enjoyable!
Profile Image for Mihaela Avramescu.
10 reviews
February 6, 2024
"Oamenii sunt (...) mai mult sau mai puțin neștiutori și asta e ceea ce se cheamă virtute sau viciu, viciul cel mai de fără de speranță fiind cel al ignoranței, care crede că știe tot și își permite atunci să omoare."
Profile Image for Volgyesi Giorgio.
118 reviews3 followers
January 16, 2022
Great perspective on the pandemic meaning... And a fatalist one :-) no spoilers, he kinda knew what awaits us.
Profile Image for Mihai Neagu.
77 reviews1 follower
April 5, 2023
The Stranger is a very good story but the others things are great only for the style, you can't link anything as the story.
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