If I had to pick a literary genre that I enjoy the most, I would probably choose the “once incredibly famous person who has since fallen into relative obscurity” genre.
There are often reasons why this happens of course. Someone’s political views may have fallen out of fashion, their work lacked a universalism in that it was incredibly specific to the time in which they lived, or simply the vagaries of fate consigned them to obscurity.
In the case of Bob Ingersoll, it is a wonder that he was ever popular at all.
In the late 19th century, religion remained at the center of American life. Many towns shut down on Sundays due to the Sabbath, others attempted (and occasionally succeeded) in enacting laws enforcing religious observance and punishing ‘blasphemy’. Take this Maryland law written in the mid 18th century but still on the books at the turn of the 20th:
“If any person shall hereafter, within this province, wittingly, maliciously, and advisedly, by writing or speaking, blaspheme or curse God, or deny our Savior, Jesus Christ, to be the Son of God, or shall deny the Holy Trinity, the Father, Son, and Holy Ghost, or the Godhead of any of the three persons, or the unity of the Godhead, or shall utter any profane words concerning the Holy Trinity, or any of the persons thereof, and shall thereof be convicted by verdict, shall, for the last offence, be bored through the tongue, and fined twenty pounds to be levied of his body. And for the second offence, the offender shall be stigmatized by burning in the forehead with the letter B, and fined forty pounds. And that for the third offence the offender shall suffer death without the benefit of clergy.”
It was in this climate that Ingersoll worked and thrived as a self professed agnostic, drawing huge crowds to his speeches and lectures. He did not however limit himself to skewering organized religion, he was an outspoken opponent of the treatment of black Americans, and in particular a tireless advocate for the rights of women.
Extremely eloquent and possessing a wonderful sense of humor, Ingersoll was loved and quoted by luminaries of the day from H.L. Mencken to Frederick Douglass, while a constant source of consternation to those who sought to maintain the status quo. A man with some political aspirations, Ingersoll sacrificed these knowing that America at the turn of the 20th century (as it is at the turn of the 22nd century) would never elect someone who didn’t profess a belief in God to be able to speak for those without voices.
There are too many wonderful lines from his speeches to copy them all here but here a few I particularly enjoyed and give a good sense of what a decent and brilliant man he was.
On blind Faith:
“If a man should tell you that he had the most beautiful painting in the world, and after taking you where it was should insist upon having your eyes shut, you would likely suspect either that he had no painting or that it was some pitiable daub. Should he tell you that he was a most excellent performer on the violin, and yet refuse to play unless your ears were stopped, you would think, to say the least of it, that he had an odd way of convincing you of his musical ability. But would his conduct be any more wonderful than that of a religionist who asks that before examining his creed you will have the kindness to throw away your reason?”
On Orthodoxy:
“Your good cook is a civilizer, and without good food, well prepared, intellectual progress is simply impossible. Most of the orthodox creeds were born of bad cooking. Bad food produced dyspepsia, and dyspepsia produced Calvinism, and Calvinism is the cancer of Christianity. Oatmeal is responsible for the worst features of Scotch Presbyterianism. Half cooked beans account for the religion of the Puritans. Fried bacon and saleratus biscuit underlie the doctrine of State Rights. Lent is a mistake, fasting is a blunder, and bad cooking is a crime.”
On God:
“Nothing can be more absurd than the idea that we can do something to please or displease an infinite Being. If our thoughts and actions can lessen or increase the happiness of God, then to that extent God is the slave and victim of man.”
On Women:
“In my judgment, the woman is the equal of the man. She has all the rights I have and one more, and that is the right to be protected. That is my doctrine. You are married; try and make the woman you love happy. Whoever marries simply for himself will make a mistake; but whoever loves a woman so well that he says, ‘I will make her happy’ makes no mistake. And so with the woman who says, ‘I will make him happy’. There is only one way to be happy, and that is to make somebody else so, and you cannot be happy by going cross lots; you have got to go the regular turnpike road.”
“As long as woman regards the Bible as the charter of her rights, she will be the slave of man. The Bible was not written by a woman. Within its lids there is nothing but humiliation and shame for her. She is regarded as the property of man. She is made to ask forgiveness for becoming a mother. She is as much below her husband as her husband is below Christ. She is not allowed to speak. The gospel is too pure to be spoken by her polluted lips. Woman should learn in silence.”
On Income Inequality:
“You cannot be so poor that you cannot help somebody. Good nature is the cheapest commodity in the world; and love is the only thing that will pay ten per cent to borrower and lender both. Do not tell me that you have got to be rich! We have a false standard of greatness in the United States. We think here that a man must be great, that he must be notorious; that he must be extremely wealthy, or that his name must be upon the putrid lips of rumor. It is all a mistake. It is not necessary to be rich or to be great, or to be powerful, to be happy. The happy man is the successful man. Happiness is the legal tender of the soul. Joy is wealth.”
These are views that were exceedingly rare in the late 19th century for many but also provided a beacon of hope for others in what were otherwise dark times for anyone not white, male, or Christian. By all accounts Ingersoll was a man who though critical of those who tried to restrict freedom, was also quick to separate people from the organizations they belonged to, He worked for the abolition of the latter while always maintaining hope for the former.
Looking back at Ingersoll’s words from the prism of the 22nd century, he would without a doubt be a powerful voice for justice, reason, and freedom in our world, just as he was in his.
He is a man deserving of a second look today by a world that desperately needs him.