In The Youth Pill , journalist David Stipp explores the scientific battle against aging and the pioneers of the movement to extend lifespan for everyone. He takes readers behind the scenes and introduces us to the key players who are experimenting with the most promising cutting-edge research. It is an informative and provocative read that shows how a small group of optimistic and determined scientists are closing in on drugs that will change the way we live forver.
I did not finish the book, even though I had only about 50 pages to go. I found it somewhat irritating to read- Stipp seemed to be constantly going off topic providing extensive researchers’ bios every time he discussed a research attempt, and then some more bio and anecdotes so that I was frequently losing sight of the issues at hand.
He did discuss interesting research, and I wish he did it in a more linear fashion. Here are the main ideas: We all age, but animals age at different rates, some die after very short lives, some after very long. Aging is not written in stone, though. Fish, for example, show no signs of deterioration with age, a phenomenon that is called ‘negligible senescence’. A fish (350 pound pike) was pulled out of a German lake that was supposedly 267 years old, and a 405 year old clam was pulled out near Iceland. Some fished out whales have been estimated to be over 100 years old, and one over 200.
So, why must we age? What’s the evolutionary advantage of aging and death? Death is easy - we already know from Darwin- species that don’t change don’t have a survival edge. Aging- that’s a different story. Here is what the going theory is now: A late-acting gene that causes damage would be heavily favoured by evolution if it also boosts the odds of successful reproduction early in age even if the gene’s early benefit is tiny and the late damage comparatively large. In other words, the vibrancy of youth leads to the decline and fall later in life.
So, the prediction is that those who live past 100 shouldn’t have been very vigorous as young adults as they most probably lacked those genes. Bingo in case of my grandmother who was a rather sickly individual when young – TB in early adulthood- yet she lived to be 101. Very interesting.
Also, according to this principle, organisms that have a lot of babies at an early age should age quickly and those who delay reproduction and have fewer offspring would live longer and age at a slower rate. That’s true about my grandmother too.
There is also the disposable soma theory- our bodies are disposable gene carriers. Once the genes cannot be transmitted anymore we are disposable. If an organism puts a lot of energy into proper protein production (man), that organism lives longer, and has babies later. If it’s hasty and sloppy, it has babies earlier and dies earlier (mouse).
There have been many other promising studies on free radicals, dwarfism, slow metabolism, high and low cholesterol and resveratrol- a compound in red wine that has been found to significantly prolong the lives of mice on high fat diet mimicking our own rich industrial society diet, but nothing of big consequence really. What has really saddened me is that research shows that exercise does not slow down aging. Well, it makes one feel better at least! The whole research into aging, as presented in the book seems to me a little bit like groping in the dark. Gerontology apparently does not enjoy the same prestige or the same funding as other areas like let's say cancer research, and consequently it seems to be making a bit more haphazard progress as well.
The specter of old age, or at least a bad old age, haunts most people in their quiet moments. David Stipp takes on a complicated subject, taking a look at the study of ways to prolong both life and health, an important distinction. From the myth of Tithonus to George Burns and some of the classic Greek philosophers, Stipp injects a lot of stories of interest in among some hard scientific data and an overview of many studies.
He keeps it interesting, when it would be so easy for this to become a dry read. There's some really thought-provoking stuff in here. I thought it was well worth the read. But be warned, he's realistic, there's no magic pill waiting in the wings. Promising studies, yes, but no "This is what we need to do" magic wand or spell.
It was interesting to hear about aging based on other animals and chemicals that help us live longer. It was also interesting to hear the personal stories of all the scientists who have been working on isolating the chemicals and proteins that help us live longer.
Don't let the huckster come-on title put you off this book; I speculate that it was slapped on by the publisher's marketing department. The book itself is actually a well-written tour of the biology and the business of aging.
The author does a good job describing the studies as well as gives an interesting perspective on gerontology and how we have progressed in the field. That being said I think he spends too much time talking about the lives of the scientists that are behind each study. I would’ve liked to maybe see a larger variety of research and less biographies.
Interesting book, which I read with an open mind (just by reading the title I was thinking "overpopulation"), but I don't agree with the author's premise; we humans shouldn't be laboriously looking for a "cure" for old age or "The Fountain of Youth". Death is not only inexorable, but is also essential for the stability of our species and Earth. One of the main purposes of death is to prevent a species from overpopulating. Unfortunately, as I am righting this review, there are 7,401,994,033 humans in the world. There are too many of us; eventually nonrenewable recourses will run out (and, consequently, economies will crash), eventually there will be a dearth of food, and eventually there will be a world wide war for the competition of scarce, vital resources. Our improved sanitation and healthcare has increased the average life expectancy—people of old age are rising exponentially. There are drugs that have shown promising results that can actually prolong life similarly to the mechanism of calorie restriction (It is no wonder why the Okinawans are the healthiest people on Earth). Also, scientist have actually found life-prolonging genes in supercentenarians. It is only a matter of time before we can start modifying our genes to live as long as those trees that are 5000 years old.
In the future, because we all know Big Pharma will gladly capitalize this, what will be the ramifications on humanity, the earth, when we have millions of supercentenarians (or supersupercentenarians)? Will we have a Tithonus-like situation in which we humans live extraordinarily long lives but still suffer through senescence and morbidity? The answer is not to increase our maximum lifespans, but to increase our QUALITY of life at old age. Besides, who wants to live that long? And not only that, prolonging your life beyond your natural capacity is extremely selfish. You will contribute to a higher carbon footprint, consume more resources, and leave a crappy world for our future children.
An excellent and detailed account of the latest research on longevity. Stipp does a great job of interpreting complex science for the lay person without over-simplifying. Especially fascinating is his coverage of drugs being developed that mimic the beneficial effects of CR (calorie restriction). There are no "quick fixes" presented in this book - instead, solid science and analysis of both past and present trends in gerontology research.