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100 Mistakes that Changed History: Backfires and Blunders That Collapsed Empires, Crashed Economies, and Altered the Course of Our World

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Collected in one volume, here are backfires and blunders that collapsed empires, crashed economies, and altered the course of the world.

From the Maginot Line to the Cuban Missile Crisis, history is filled with bad moves and not-so-bright ideas that snowballed into disasters and unintended consequences.

This engrossing book looks at one hundred such tipping points. Japan bombs Pearl Harbor. The Caliphs of Baghdad spend themselves into bankruptcy. The Aztecs greet the Conquistadors with open arms. Mexico invites the Americans to Texas-and the Americans never leave.

And the rest is history...

400 pages, Paperback

First published January 1, 2010

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1225 people want to read

About the author

Bill Fawcett

122 books41 followers
Bill Fawcett has been a professor, teacher, corporate executive, and college dean. His entire life has been spent in the creative fields and managing other creative individuals. He is one of the founders of Mayfair Games, a board and role-play gaming company. As an author, Fawcett has written or coauthored over a dozen books and dozens of articles and short stories. As a book packager, a person who prepares series of books from concept to production for major publishers, his company, Bill Fawcett & Associates, has packaged more than 250 titles for virtually every major publisher. He founded, and later sold, what is now the largest hobby shop in Northern Illinois.

Fawcett’s first commercial writing appeared as articles in the Dragon magazine and include some of the earliest appearances of classes and monster types for Dungeons & Dragons. With Mayfair Games he created, wrote, and edited many of the Role Aides role-playing game modules and supplements released in the 1970s and 1980s. During this period, he also designed almost a dozen board games, including several Charles Roberts Award (gaming's Emmy) winners, such as Empire Builder and Sanctuary.

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5 stars
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256 (28%)
3 stars
309 (34%)
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105 (11%)
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 96 reviews
Profile Image for stormhawk.
1,384 reviews32 followers
November 26, 2011
Imagine sitting in a bar next to a history professor who is getting increasingly drunk, and monopolizing the conversation by telling all kinds of stories about historical figures screwing up (literally royally) in some cases, but he's going on and on and on and you suddenly discover that both you and he are chained to the barstools and you're stuck and you can't leave and he's refusing to pay for any of your drinks, he just keeps going on and on and on, and his stories are kind of clumped around some historical periods and he skips others ...

That's what this book is like.

It would probably be better as a book to leave on the counter in the executive reading room, so you can leaf through it and pick out a chapter here and there, but reading through from front to back, there's a lot of repetition, the phrasing is stilted, and it's hard going sometimes.

Don't get me wrong ... it's interesting. History buffs will nod sagely at his pronouncements. But that drunk history professor? He has a monotone delivery and tells the same jokes over and over and doesn't notice that they fall flat each time.

I do wonder about some of the mistake choices, though. Critical blunders on the battlefield, I get. financial mismanagement, I get. But chocolate chip cookies, Post-It Notes and New Coke? Okay, I agree about New Coke. Or is this like the time a friend's dad was editing some big industry book and made a point of putting something in it referencing a certain long-lived animated rodent, just so he could list his name in the index?
Profile Image for Anne Marie Georgescu.
36 reviews14 followers
March 15, 2022
Citită în română. Lungă ca o zi de post, scrisă fără vervă, fără umor, fără zvâc, iar evenimentele pe care le-a ales sunt mult prea celebre, până şi un afon în ale istoriei ca mine le ştie pe toate. Multe sunt de umplutură: descoperirea fursecurilor chocolate chip(s? nush dacă să pun pluralul aici, mă rog) din SUA nu-şi avea locul, nu a schimbat nicio istorie. O tâmpenie, bani aruncaţi pe o cumpărătură impulsivă (speram să fie genul de cărticică haioasă de citit în oraş la cafea, dar m-a adormit, chiar şi citită pe sărite. Un detaliu incredibil de enervant la genul ăsta de carte: nu are cuprins! Zgârcenie, prostie, nu ştiu, dar o decizie neinspirată. Era în ţiplă şi nu mi-am imaginat că o carte care e o listă cu intrări mai proaste decât wikipedia nu are banalul cuprins.
Profile Image for José Luís  Fernandes.
87 reviews46 followers
February 5, 2016
This is one of the worst books I've read in ages. I would never have bought this, but I thought about giving it a try since it was offered to me by a family member. It's full of historical myths, from Charlemagne's "EU" to the downfall of Weimar Germany due to hyperinflation, not to mention some troublesome claims on Akhenaton's reign and the author's huge ignorance on republican Rome, just to mention a few examples, besides a huge lack of depth from cover to cover. It had no bibliography nor references of any kind, so as far as I know the author could be inventing things or taking them from Wikipedia. And to boot, the author has such a trust in writing his nonsense to the point I get astonished while reading: I guess it is the Dunning–Kruger effect in action. This was so bad I couldn't go past forward page 80. :(

Concluding, I'm sorry to say this, but the book here reviewed is an utter piece of trash not even fit for a light reading (and I like popular history, for instance, if it's well written and mostly accurate).
5 reviews
June 17, 2021
Majoritatea capitolelor prezintă momente importante din istoria omenirii și aduc o perspectivă aparte asupra rezultatelor acelor momente. Aproximativ 20-25% din capitole însă, prezintă anumite evenimente istorice ca fiind greșeli deși este greu de văzut o greșeală umană ca atare ci mai mult o coincidență care a schimbat cursul istoriei.
Per total o lectură plăcută, cursivă.
Profile Image for Ingy.
205 reviews545 followers
February 16, 2016
لم يعجبني الكتاب، لأسباب تتعلق بتناول الكاتب للموضوع من جانب، ومن جانب آخر لأسباب تتعلق بهذه الطبعة تحديداً.
بالنسبة للتناول فقد ركز الكاتب على الأخطاء في الجانب الحربي والعسكري، ولم يكن تناوله للأخطاء بقدر ما كانت لسير الحرب نفسها.. كما أحسست أنه كرر نفس الموضوع أكثر من مرة، لمجرد أن يصل إلى الرقم (100)، وفي نفس الوقت لم يوف بعض الموضوعات حقها، وبالتالي فمن لا يعرف تفاصيل كثيرة عن الموضوع في الأساس لن يفهم شيئا بمتابعة الموضوع، وهو ما حدث لي مثلا في الاجزاء الخاصة بالأزمات الاقتصادية العالمية التي لم أكن اعرف عنها الكثير. لذلك كنت بين نارين طوال الكتاب.. الكاتب أعطى معلومات مقتضبة عن الموضوعات التي لا أعرفها، وعندما استفاض في موضوعات أخرى وصل إلى حد الملل والتكرار.
الكتاب كذلك ركز على التاريخ الغربي، فلم يذكر إلا مصر في فصل واحد، وفصل واحد عن معار المسلمين مع التتار وفصل عن الصين، وفصل عن حضارة الازتك في أمريكا الجنوبية، وباقي فصوله الـ96 عن أمريكا وأوروبا! كذلك كان التركيز كبيرا على المعارك الحربية إلى حد ان خمسة أو أقل من فصول الكتاب كانت عن موضوعات أخرى مثل الاكتشافات العلمية التي تمت بالصدفة أو عن طريق الخطأ وهو ما أعتقد أنها كانت الأولى بالاهتمام بدلا عن تكرار الفصول من زوايا متعددة.
الجانب الآخر من مشكلتي مع الكتاب هو جانب أخطاء الترجمة.. فمن الواضح ان الكتاب لم يخضع للمراجعة ولا حتى من المترجم نفسه بعد ماترجمه، يظهر هذا بوضوح من خلال الكلمات المكررة، والتسلسل غير السليم للأحداث بما يوحي أن المترجم أعاد صياغة الفقرات أحياناً دون أن يمحي الصياغة السابقة عليها! وهو خطأ فادح!!
باختصار، فكرة الكتاب جيدة، لكن التنفيذ سيئ للغاية.
Profile Image for Steve Cioccolanti.
Author 30 books86 followers
February 26, 2018
Bill Fawcett's book takes readers through an "unending series of mistakes, misjudgments, and just plain egotism" from 500BC Greece to the 2008 Global Financial Crisis, illustrating an adage attributed to George Santayana (1863-1952), "Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to repeat it."

I read this book because Black Pigeon Speakes started making a series of historical videos looking at the "blunders, mistakes and backfires have collapsed empires, destroyed economies and altered the course of human history". There have only been 2 videos made so far, and the source of both "The Female Viking Temper Tantrum that Changed History" and "How The Western World Was Created by a Mistake" was this book "100 Mistakes That Changed History".

After I read the book, I found Black Pigeon Speaks' narration to be far more entertaining than the book. See https://youtu.be/xwbq9mDPdN0 It is too bad that he hasn't done more historical videos based on this book. For that reason, readers will find the book more complete. But the stories were not consistently engaging. Those who do not like to study history in depth will find the short synopsis of history presented in each chapter to be easy-reading.

The most interesting story to me was Alexander the Great's. Alexander was prophesied in the Book of Daniel as the "prince of Grecia" and the leader who would conquer Persia, about 100 years before he was born, so prophecy teachers like myself cannot avoid studying him and his empire's meteoric rise and crumble. Because of him, the New Testament is written in Greek, and not in Persian or Latin.

There is a streak of masculism / anti-feminism in this book which I believe appeals to Black Pigeon Speaks. Although Alexander's father Philip put him in charge of a 2000-men calvary at the tender age of 18, Alexander had a rocky relationship with his dad. One incident not recounted in your ordinary textbooks is that when Philip wanted to make his son into a man, he brought prostitutes to him. This is still done in modern times in Latin America. In response to the Florida school shooting, one website "Return of Kings" published an article about how a commonality of school mass shooters is that they are all boys who "couldn't get laid" [author's words, not mine]. Their solution, a novel one which no politician would dare utter, but one which dates back to at least the time of Alexander the Great, is to initiate these maladjusted boys to "clean, regulated brothels" after graduating school. I do not endorse sex before marriage, much less prostitution; I mention these examples to say the book will present history from a non-politically-correct point of view, which may offer an interesting perspective to readers and a "counter-balancing" viewpoint against a backdrop of revisionist / feminist viewpoints bombarding us through academia and mainstream media. The whole premise of the book is to challenge our understanding of textbook history.

Back to Alexander "the Great": by the time he was 20, his dad was murdered and he inherited the nascent Greek kingdom. He did not get a chance to reconcile with his dad. Alexander the Great once said, “My father gave me the gift of life, but Aristotle taught me to live well.” The blunders recorded in this particular chapter were many. When Alexander decided to invade Persia, King Darius refused to fight the “Greek boy” head-to-head. Instead, he sent a Greek mercenary general, Memnon, to face the young upstart. Alexander swiftly defeated him.

The greatest mistake in Alexander's life was one which many leaders still make. At his deathbed, he refused to name a successor. When asked, “To whom do you leave your empire?” Alexander uttered, “To the strongest.” This short-sightedness threw his empire into centuries of turmoil and rivalry. The strongest ended up being the Roman Empire!

The book ends with a cynical quote from George Sanatyana, "History is a pack of lies about events that never happened told by people who weren’t there." I do not believe this is true, or else studying history would be a vain pursuit. I would say it is true of most history books, with the notable exception of The Bible, the most honest and accurate historical book I have ever read!
9 reviews
April 4, 2011
100 Mistakes That Changed History was an exceptional summary of the last two and a half thousand years. The focus on mistakes did not come off as original as it seemed intended to, but keying in on tipping points made it easy to follow from one event to another. In some ways, this book felt like a history lesson. Little of the information was obscure enough that I found it surprising, and many of the events showed that "history repeats itself." Nonetheless, the writing was entertaining and informative.
Profile Image for Stella Vasileva.
12 reviews
August 3, 2021
Беше ми интересна, изчетох я за ден и половина. Оснивната й полза за мен е, че успя да предизвика интереса ми към дадени исторически събития.
Profile Image for Siobhan Ward.
1,852 reviews11 followers
May 12, 2020
This book was fairly decent, but definitely dry in some parts. While Fawcett focuses on some lesser-known mistakes, a lot of the mistakes he mentions are fairly well-known (although it makes sense that history-altering mistakes are fairly well-known). However, there was a loooot of focus on the Second World War. I know that this is an area of Fawcett’s expertise, as well as a time period with a lot of world-changing mistakes, but it took a bit away from the book overall. However, for a basic overview of some interesting mistakes from history, this was pretty good - I’d love to see an even more up to date version, since there have definitely been a lot of mistakes in the last 12 years!
Profile Image for José Lopes.
31 reviews
August 9, 2024
3,75/5

Primeiramente, há que ter em conta que é uma obra de divulgação histórica e não propriamente uma obra de carácter científico.
A leitura é fácil e, mesmo para quem não tem muito conhecimento-base de História, torna-se perfeitamente compreensível.
No entanto, o grande erro do livro cinge-se a imprecisões de carácter científico que, algumas, são catastróficas. Por exemplo, é referenciado que o arquiduque Francisco Fernando era >filho< do imperador Francisco José, e tal é mentira, já que era, sim, sobrinho.
Se uma parte do livro é de qualidade média, a parte referente à época contemporânea é, deveras, bem feita, salvo raras exceções.
De qualquer forma, é uma boa obra sobre História, entretém, e permite aprender alguns factos interessantes e problematizar o quão importantes foram certas ações, acabando por moldar seriamente toda a rede da História.
Profile Image for Hadeer Jawad.
49 reviews11 followers
March 5, 2023
كتاب ١٠٠ خطأ غيرت مجرى التاريخ
كتاب لطيف كلمحة تاريخية وللاستفادة من اخطاء الماضي

الكاتب لا يوضح المعايير التي اعتمدها لأختيار هذه الاخطاء واعتبرها اخطاء ساعدت بصنع التاريخ وهي :
١- غلطة أريستاجوراس : هو ولي فارسي على ارض يونانية فشل في توسع الإمبراطورية فخاف من الأعدام لذلك تعاون مع اليونانيين لأرجاع أرضهم وقيام ثورة ضد الفرس ومنع توسعهم ونجح في ذلك.
٢- أخناتون : توحيد الألهه بأله واحد بالقوة والخديعة وبطش الهه الكهنة الاخرين ومنع التعددية الدينية.
٣- انقسام اليهود بعد وفاة النبي سليمان.
٤- معركة سالاميس: تم جر السفن الفارسية ٨٠٠) سفينة الى داخل البحر ومواجهة السفن اليونانية (٣٨٠) سفينة والسيطرة على المضيق ومنع المؤن من امداد الفرس وبالتالي تدمير السفن الفارسية رغم كثرتها .
٥و ٦- الحرب بين اثينا واسبرطة غرور الاسبرطيون بقوتهم البرية ادى الى تجاهلهم لقوة اثينا البحرية مما ادى الى خسارتهم.
٧- المعاداة الدائمة بين اثينا واسبرطة ادى الى تدمير السفن والزراعة والاقتصاد .
٨- خوف القائد الفارسي داريوس على نفسه جعله يسحب الجيش لحماية نفسه المكون من مليون جندي امام جيش الاسكندر المكون من ٤٠ الف وانسحابه الدائم تسبب بسقوط الامبراطورية الفارسية وحرق عاصمتها.
٩- عدم تحديد وريث من قبل الاسكندر لأمبراطوريته بل حدد الاقوى فقط مما تسبب بصراع وتقسيم الامبراطورية الى ممالك صغيرة تتقاتل فيما بينها.
١٠- تعيين قائديين للجيش كل يوم قائد بالتناوب مما ادى الى تضارب القرارات ومقتل ٥٠ الف جندي روماني على يد هانيبال وهزيمة الجيش الروماني .
١١-عرضت روما على قرطاج البقاء على السفن التجارية وقليل من السفن العسكرية الا انهم رفضوا ومن ثم هزم الرومان قرطاج وقائدهم هانيبال وسمحوا له بقيادة قرطاج الا انه رفض وتم قتله.
١٢- جبروت مجلس الشيوخ الروماني وهيمنته ضد الشعب جعل الشعب يثور وتحول الحكم من طبقة النبلاء الى عامة الشعب وتحول الامبراطورية الى جمهورية
١٣- خداع مقاتلين بلاد الغال ( فرنسا/بلجيكا/الدنمارك/لوكسمبورغ) من قبل يوليوس قيصر في معركة اليسيا وهزيمه ٢٠٠ الف مقاتل على يده بقيادة ٥٠ الف مقاتل بقيادة القيصر وهذا الانتصار حدد طريقة الحياة والحكم لشمال اوربا.
١٤- تعيين حاكم روماني من قبل القيصر كان حاكما على سوريا ليحكم المانيا بنفس طريقة حكمة لألمانيا وحصلت معركة فاروس بين الجيش الروماني مع القبائل الجرمانية ادت الى هزيمه ثمن الجيش الروماني.
١٥- مقتل يوليوس قيصر على يد مجلس الشيوخ انهى والى الابد العصر المجيد للجمهورية الرومانية.
١٦- استعمال صنابير المياه لأول مرة في روما بمادة الرصاص مما تسبب بتسمم الكثير من سكانها.
١٧- جندي روماني اطلق سهم بالخطا مما اشعل معركة ادريانول هزم بها الجيش الروماني امام القبائل البربرية.
١٨- طبع البنكنوت الالماني من دون غطاء ادى الى التضخم فأسقط الشعب الحكومة وانتخب هتلر.
١٩- انقسام اليهود الاغنياء منهم موالين لروما مما سعل على الرومان تطهير المقاطعات من المتمردين اليهود الفقراء
٢٠- تقسيم روما الى شرقية وغربية؛ الغربية سقطت بيد البيزنطيين والشرقية بيد العثمانيين
٢١- منع الجرمانيين من الانضمام الى الجيش الروماني للحفاظ على العرق مما تسبب بماجمتهم لروما واتحلالها
٢٢- انسحاب الرومان من بريطانيا للدفاع عن بلاد الغال ادى الى سقوط بريطانيا بيد الجرمان الساسكون وتنتهي ولاية روما على بريطانيا.
٢٣- شارلمان وحد اوربا وخلفة ابنه لويس قسة اوربا على اولادة الذين تنازعوا وتسببو بسقوط اجزاء من الامبراطورية بيد المسلمين كالاندلس.
٢٤-حاول وليام الفاتح من نورماندي اكتساح الثقافة الانجلوساسكون والانجلودنمادك في انكلترا.
٢٥- غضبت اميرة الفايكنغ على اخوها فنفاها الى امريكا الشمالية حيث تم استيطانها
٢٦- خطا في الحساب بالبحر تسبب في اكتشاف امريكا
٢٧- ادوارد ملك انكلترا مات دون وريث فتقاتل اقاربة وليام وهارولد الاخير اندفع بكراهية واستعجال مما دمر جيشة على الرغم من تساوي القوى
٢٨- نقض ارناط الهدنة بين الملك لوزينجيان وصلاح الدين لمصلحته الشخصية مما تسبب بحرب حطين ادت الى هزيمه الصليبيين وقتل ارناط.
٢٩- الغزو الصليبي الرابع بدل ارسالة الى القدس تم ارسالة لمحاربة البيزنطينيين واسقاط عاصمتهم القسطنطينية.
٣٠- ارسل جينكيز خان رسالة الى ملك الخوارزم علاء الدين محمد للتبادل التجاري بين البلدين فقام بقتل الرسل والتجار فتسبب بغضب جينكيز خان فقام بغزو وقتل في بلاد الخوارزم.
٣١- انتشرت شائعات حول القطط هي السبب بانتشار الطاعون في اوربا فشجعت الكنيسة قتلها مما تسبب بتكاثر الفئران التي هي السبب بنشر الطاعون مما ادى الى موت نصف القارة الاوربية.
٣٢- خسارة نابليون بمعركة ووترلو بسبب غروره في الانتصار بالمعارك السابقة
٣٣- بعد تولي زو داي السلطة في الصين اسس اكبر واعظم اسطول بحري للتجارة والاستكشاف حيث تم افادة الصين كثيرا منه الا انه بعد موت زو اراد الامبراطور الجديد طمس منجزات زو فأوقف الاسطول وخسرت الصين تجاريا.
٣٤- الانشقاق بين الكنيسة الأرثوذكسية والكاثوليكية ادى الى سقوط القسطنطينية على يد محمد الثاني قائد العثمانيين.
٣٥- بحار برتغالي يكتشف البرازيل بالخطا عندما ظل طريقة للهند.
٣٦- استخدمت الكنيسة صكوك الغفران وبسببها صدر الاصلاح البروتستانتي والذي دافع عنها الملك هنري الثامن الا ان رفض زواجة من ان بولين جعله يفصل كنيسة روما وينشأ الكنيسة الانجيلية.
٣٧- امبراطورية الاوزتك كانو يحتلون الدول ويقدمون الاسرى قرابين فقامت الدول بالتعاون مع الاسبان لاسقاطهم.
٣٨- كانت القوى البحرية الاسبانية هي الاقوى في البحر لكن عند تعيين ضابط بري على الاسطول البحري وقله خبرته ودخولة معارك مع الانكليز ادى الى خسارة اسبانيا وصارت برطانيا هي العظمى.
٣٩- كان الاعتقاد ان الاحتراق يحدث لكل مادة تحتوي على الفلوجستون ولكن تم كشف الخطا وان الاحتراق يحدث للمواد عند اتحادها مع الاوكسجين.
٤٠- شجاعة من دون تخطيط لا تنفع كانت سبب نهاية حكم اسرة ستيوارت
٤١- تدخل فرنسا بامريكا ضد الانكليز ادى الى رفع الضرائب على الشعب الفرنسي مما ادى الى ثورة الشعب ضد الملك لويس ١٦ واعدامه مع زوجته ماري انطوانيت.
٤٢- تسبب اصطحاب ٢٤ ارنب الى استراليا ادى الى تكاثرها بشكل كبير وصل ٦٠٠ مليون ارنب دمرت الاراضي الزراعية والمناطق الخضراء.
٤٣- احتل نابليون صقلية فعرف الانكليز وجهته لاحتلال مصر فانتظروه هناك ودمرو اسطولة وبصعوبه افلت منهم.
٤٤- قلة خبرة الملوك الثلاثة ( امبراطور النمسا / ملك بريطانيا / قيصر روسيا) ضد نابليون بونابرت ادت الى خسارتهم في معركة اوسترليتز
٤٥و ٤٦ - عدم التعلم من التاريخ محاولة نابليون لغزو روسيا ومن بعده هتلر بالشتاء.
٤٧- هدنة نابليون مع النمسا ونقضها من قبل النمسا ادت الى تحالف كل من بريطانيا وروسيا والسويد وبروسيا والبرتغال والنمسا ضد نابليون وهزيمة فرنسا بمعركة واترلو.
٤٨- عين نابليون لويس ديفو الافضل بالتخطيط العسكري على باريس بعد غيابه خوفا من انتصاره وتنماي شعبيته على شعبيه نابليون مما تسبب بخساره نابليون بمعركة واترلو.
٤٩- ثلاث رؤوساء امريكان والنتيجة صفر في محاولتهم لألغأء الرق والعبودية
٥٠- جيمس ريبلي رفض شراء البنادق الحديثة من البريطانيين في الحرب الاهلية الامريكية مما دفع البريطانيين الى بيع البنادق للطرف الاخر فأستمرت الحرب نحو ٥ سنوات على الرغم من تفوق جيش الاتحاد على الانفصاليين.
٥١- في الحرب الاهلية الامريكية قام الانفصالي الجنرال لي بمحاولة غزو بنسلفانيا وحلت الكارثة بجيشة وهذا ساعد لينكولن على توحيد امريكا.
٥٢- الجنرال كاستر الامركي قام بالهجوم وحده على قبائل الهنود عبر تقسيم وحدته الى ٣ اقسام بدل من انتظار الوحدتين الاخريتيين لقتالهم مما ادى الى اباده الوحدة بأكملها من ضمنهم كاستر.
٥٣- رفض الجنرال هوكر جهاز التلغراف في الجيش لعدم قناعته بالتكنلوجيا مما دمر الاتصال بين الجيش وخسارته وانسحابه واعفاءه من منصبه في الحرب الاهلية الامريكية.
٥٤- رفض الجنوبيين البيض خدمة العب/ي/د بالجيش مقابل منحهم حريتهم مما ادى الى خسارتهم بالحرب الاهلية الامريكية.
٥٥- عدم استماع الارشيدوق فرانز الى مخابراته بعدم زياره سراييفو ( منطقة متطرفة وغير امنه) مما تسبب بأغتيالة واشتعال الحرب العالمية الاولى.
٥٦- لينين عندما اصبح رئيس لروسيا قام بألغاء الملكية الفردية واعلان الشيوعية وهي اسوأ شي حدث للبشرية
٥٧- تم انشاء هيئة الزراعة الامريكية في الحرب العالمية الاولى لانتاج المحاصيل ومع انتهاء الحرب وقفت الهيئة وكان المزارعين هاجرو بسبب الحرب كجنود وتسبب ذلك لاحقا بالكساد الكبير بسبب قصر النظر.
٥٨- حظر الكحول بأمريكا ادى الى ارتفاع الجريمة .
٥٩- استيراد نبات كودزو من اليابان وزراعته في امريكا حيث تسبب بقتل النباتات الاخرى.
٦٠- تم ارسال ٩٠٠٠ جندي امريكي الى روسيا واحتلو مدينه لبضعة اشهر لكن لماذا تم ارسالهم وما هي الاوامر ليست واضحة ولا معروفة واصيبوا وتم اعادتهم الي امريكا
٦١-استغلال ستالين لنظرية لامارك في التطور واجبار الروس لاعتناقها حتى يضمن ولادة جيل شيوعي وحظر اي عالم يعارض نظرية لامارك.
٦٢- كراهية اوربا لروسيا الشيوعية ادى الى تعاون الماني روسي واعادة الجيش الالماني بقيادة هتلر والنتيجة الحرب العالمية الثانية.
٦٣- اكتشاف البنسلين نتيجة خطا كأول مضاد حيوي.
٦٤- تقاعس الرئيس الامريكي هوفر للتعامل مع الازمة الاقتصادية حيث اصبح العرض اعلى من الطلب واتجهت الاسهم نحو القاع واعتقد انه عدم تدخل الدولة بشكل مباشر ستنتهي الازمة بشكل طبيعي .
٦٥- قرار اقتصادي خاطئ من هوفر ادى الى انخفاض التجارة العالمية الى الربع.
٦٦- نفذت المكسرات من روث ويكفيلد بأستبدلتها بقطع الشكولاته في الكعكة ووكانت كيكة الشوكولاته.
٦٧- رفض تشامبرلين ( رئيس وزراء بريطانيا) التعاون مع منظمة الاوكسترا السوداء لأغتيال هتلر والنتيجة الحرب العالمي�� الثانية.
٦٨- تعاون روسيا مع المانيا وبعدها انقلب السوفيت على هتلر.
٦٩- خط ماجينو الفرنسي لصد الهجوم النازي الا ان القوات الالمانية عبرت عبر هولندا وبلجيكا واحتلت فرنسا دون الاصطدام بخط ماجينو اصلا.
٧٠- اجلاء ٣٨٠ الف جندي بريطاني في دانكرك بعد ان كان من المتوقع انقاذ ٢٠ الف فقط لكن اشارة لاسلكية قضت بأيقاف هجوم الالمان ادى الى توقفهم واجلاء البريطانيين.
٧١- الطائرات البريطانية اسقطت قنابلها على لندن لتخفيف الحمولة وتفادي الطائرات الالمانية مما جعل لندن تظن ان المانيا خرقت اتفاقهم بعدم ضرب العواصم وردا على ذلك تم قصف برلين .
٧٢ - تجاهل الم��ابرات السوفيتية حول هجوم الالمان
٧٣- هجوم الالمان المباغت وغرور هتلر بانتصاراته وظنه ان السوفيت ضعفاء خلف الكثير من القتلى ادى الى مهاجمتهم واسقاط برلين.
٧٤- عدم اعطاء اي اهمية للقوات اليابانية القريبة من ميناء بيرل هاربر على الرغم من اكتشافها من قبل الرادارات الامريكية.
٧٥- هزم اليابانيين انفسهم بهجومهم علي بيرل هاربر وارغام امزيكا على الحرب.
٧٦- خيانة مزدوجة من اليابانيين لهتلر عبر معاهدة عدم اعتداء مع روسيا واشراك امريكا بالحرب عبر هجومهم على بيرل هاربر .
٧٧- اليابان ترسل قوات بعيدة عن مصادر الامداد.
٧٨ - اكبر هزيمة بحرية لليابانيين بعد ان استطاعت امريكا فك الشفرات المرسلة ومعزفة تاريخ وموقع الهجوم وعدد السفن والاسلحة .
٧٩- اختيار الرجل الثاني بعد هتلر وكان جورينج الذي كان يتفاوض مع الامريكيين والبريطانيين وحين علم هتلر جردة من رتبته واتهمه بالخيانه العظمى .
٨٠- محاولة هتلر احتلال ستالينغراد.
٨١- عدم تحديث الدبابات الروسية مقابل الدبابات الالمانية ادى الى خسائر فادحة في بداية الهجوم الالماني.
٨٢- عدم الاستماع الى رومل عبر منع الحلفاء من دخول الشاطى الفرنسي بل اعتبروا دخولهم السواحل الفرنسية افضل للقضاء على الحلفاء.
٨٣- عقدة التفوق العرقي للالمان واليابانيين كان سبب هزيمتهم
٨٤- منح روسيا الجزء الشرقي من اوربا وفرض الشيوعية عليها بعد نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية.
٨٥- ذكر وزير الخارجية الامريكي في خطابة اليابان فقط تحميها امريكا من دون ذكر كوريا الجنوبية مما دفع كوريا الشمالية وروسيا الي مهاجمتها
٨٦- بسبب عدم موافقة الجنرال ارثر بمنع عمل غارات جوية على كوريا خسرت ١٠ الاف قتيل.
٨٧- خطا ادى الى اختراع المطاط الصناعي.
٨٨- تورط امريكا بحرب فيتنام بسبب رجل فرنسي اسمه نافار عسكري مغرور لم يشأ اقامة حكومة مؤقته او صديقة في فيتنام بل سيطرة عسكرية مما دفع الفيتناميين الى مقاومتها.
٨٩- طرحت شركة فورد سيارة ادسل الكبيرة الحجم في حين ان السوق كان يبحث عن سيارة صغيرة بسبب الازدحامات المرورية وخسرت خسارة كبيرة.
٩٠- فشل عملية خليج الخنازير لأسقاط حكم كاسترو في كوبا.
٩١- اختراع الصمغ الضعيف للشريط اللاصق.
٩٢- تجسس الرئيس الامريكي نيكسون على منافسه في الحزب الديمقراطي بأجهزة تجسس ادى الى استقالته بعد فضيحة ووتر جيت.
٩٣- انتاج نيو كوك من شركة كوكا كولا لمنافسة بيبسي الا انه سبب خسارة وتم سحبة بعد ٧٩ يوم.
٩٤- الشيوعي البيوقراطي كان سبب بأنهيار سور برلين.
٩٥- غزو صدام للكويت
٩٦- خطأ المخابرات الغربية في توقع غزو صدام للكويت.
٩٧-بوش الاب يبقي على صدام بعد ال١٩٩١
٩٨- تصديق بوش الابن حول امتلاك صدام اسلحة دمار شامل.
٩٩- سوء التوقع والادارة لاعصار كاترينا.
١٠٠- انهيار البورصات العالمية عام ٢٠٠٨.
Profile Image for Georgiana .
48 reviews
March 27, 2024
One of the previous reviews describes this book perfectly, the one using the professor analogy; right on point!

As to my personal preferences, this book focuses too much on strategic mistakes and it becomes way too boring to constantly read about how battles were lost because someone thought they were too good, or someone underestimated most of their adversaries, or some other grandios decision of this sort. And now I have pretty much summarized about 80% of the book. I would have loved for more stupid mistakes that impacted the world, like the rabbits or the cats.

I’m not sure whether this is a book to be read while sitting. Have it on your coffee table and read one or two mistakes over coffee, when feeling it. I think my biggest complaint is that I thought this would be more funny. It wasn’t at all…
Profile Image for Barbara.
13 reviews2 followers
June 14, 2018
I'm upset at wasting time with this. The format should be easily digestible, but it isn't due to abysmal writing, which made me think of high school essays written the night before they're due. "Inflated" feels fitting. It's hard to ignore the bewildering inclusion of pretty infantile political opinions on both modern and contemporary issues. There are also issues with factuality. I've expected a light read on some historical goofs of massive proportions. I've got an oversized, unedited Buzzfeed article. Indeed, a goof of massive proportions.
Profile Image for Zhelana.
887 reviews2 followers
November 12, 2018
I gave up on this book. It seemed like every single mistake they were talking about was basically taking on a larger army, or not using your army's advantages, and basically other than one chapter about killing cats during the black death, it was all military mistakes. That's really not what I was looking for. I'm personally happy history has moved on from the days when it was all military history all the time. I was looking for more stories like the cats/rats thing. I read about half this book thinking it might get better as we got more recent, but I got as far as Napoleon before giving up.
Profile Image for Sarah.
53 reviews1 follower
January 18, 2015
This book was too Western- and military-centric for my tastes. All but maybe 4 of the 100 were mistakes made in battle. But for what it was, it was okay
Profile Image for Bogdan Piticariu.
Author 5 books9 followers
September 1, 2024
Unul dintre cele mai bine cotate comment-uri compara cartea cu poveştile unui profesor de istorie, beat într-un bar de duzină, care vrea să te convingă să-i plăteşti factura de hamei procesat înşirându-ţi braşoave, unele cu totul născocite, altele cu ceva sâmbur de realitate. Nu e chiar aşa, dar nu e nici o lectură uşoară. Pe alocuri m-am simţit ca şi cum aş reciti manualul de istorie de X-a, care totuşi, pe alocuri, era mai cursiv şi mai uşor de digerat.
Un cititor compulsiv, care lecturează "la mai multe mâini" nu are nicio şansă să o termine. Unul de anduranţă, care nu lasă cartea din mână, odată începută, asumându-şi greşeala, sau chinul, cu speranţa de a fi răsplătit, măcar în ultimele pagini, are şanse să o ducă la capăt şi să rămână şi cu o impresie de trei stele, chinuite, ce-i drept, dar trei, şi stele.
O atenţie deficitară cu siguranţă nu trece de perioada antichităţii, unde se amestecă rău teritorii, ginte, împăraţi, faraoni, triburi, campanii, şi unde ori te întorci să reiei firul, ca să înţelegi morala, ori te duci mai departe din inerţie, sperând să te-alegi cu ceva până la final.
Noroc că aproape jumătate e despre secolul XX, şi o treime e cu evenimentul meu preferat - al doilea război mondial. Unele le ştiam, unele le uitasem, unele le-am aflat trecut în revistă cu pasivitate, altele cu surprindere, iar altele, puţine, ce-i drept, m-au şocat.
Una din ele e şi cea din care am ales citatul preferat şi care descrie invazia americană în Rusia (vai, a existat aşa ceva? da, da!), şi mai ales, (dez)organizarea ei, în anul de graţie 1918:
"Ordinul final pentru Graves a venit din partea secretarului de război, într-o gară din Kansas, şi acesta era: "Să vă ajute Dumnezeu, şi la revedere."" Merită, nu?
Profile Image for Solitudes  .
165 reviews8 followers
August 16, 2021
This is one interesting book to read because sometimes when you'll be tempted to say "that was the biggest mistake of my life" you can at least compare it to other's mistakes so you can feel not that guilty or overwhelmed by the fact that you didn't adopted that puppy 4 years ago. So from the biggest mistakes in battles ( like taking for good the lies of some Greek slave and losing your fleet against the Greeks in the battle of Salamina like Xerxes did or giving some momentum to Washington because some damn German officer fighting for England didn't knew English and bothered to find a translator to Hitler doing literally by the book the same mistakes as Napoleon did once before in his campaign against Russia) to mistakes that improved our life ( like Fleming's discovery of penicillin or the post-it-note and some chocolate cookies). I recommend this book to everyone who wants to know more about history and what lead to us being us as we are today.
345 reviews1 follower
May 3, 2021
Flew over most of the 100 listed as really not interested in what they were about. The ones in dates BC ... how do we really know the facts on them ??? Most are war related as well. More interesting were those from mid 1800's onward and those we are not normally aware of.

They mention ....
- the Kudzu plant that has taken over many areas and can be seen near hwys throughout the US.
- how a few little bunny rabbits literally took over Australia ... and still do. Why no mention do the cane toads there as well??
-Pearl Harbor-3 messages sent days before about a possible attack , those in charge never got them.
- the Ford Edsel ... why not the Tucker which was way before its time?
-Watergate / Vietnam / Pearl Harbor etc

Not that interesting ... more current ones we are all well aware of.
Profile Image for Avaritie Von Maximus.
16 reviews
December 23, 2024
Pentru mine, un păgân păgân în cunoașterea istorică generală, această carte a fost de-a dreptul genială. O recomand tuturor celor care vor să-și îmbunătățească cultura generală, sau să afle ceva nou, neașteptat, uluitor, și totuși explicat clar, detailat. Mi-am scris prin carte multe note de subsol la multe dintre cele 100 de povești, deoarece, deși petrecute chiar acum 4000 de ani, societatea încă le repetă.

Puține noțiuni de sociologie sunt și ele prezentate.

Într-un final,
M-am decis să numesc această carte, în mod personal, "Marea carte a inumanității". De ce? Citește-o și o să înțelegi.
Profile Image for Jonathan Lu.
358 reviews24 followers
July 31, 2013
Highly informative book, full of history lessons that I have either vague recollections of or knew nothing about. Full of some very interesting lessons, and very worth picking up... although be ready for an author that is far too apparent about his political leanings and makes it clear that the he finds the Western way much better than the Eastern way. As one example, cites the despotic Persian empire as having led to to the different values of descendent regimes in Iran and Iraq (maybe he needs a history lesson here, yes that's the same land but derived from different people) as compared to the values of Greek democracy. Nevermind that it was Darius and Cyrus who gave us the rule of law and human rights while the Greeks were introducing olive oil and pedophilia to the world. "Persia might well have triumphed, and the cradle of Western culture would instead have become a relatively poor, backwater province of Eastern culture. The world as it is today - including the historic predominance of democracy, our Roman culture, and Christianity - simply would never have been." Not that the author is judging one culture or religion's superiority to another. That is his prediction? Nevermind that the Greco-Roman legacy spawned Hitler, Stalin, communism, slavery, shitloads of wars... not saying that things would have played out much differently, but the base what if assumption is that things would have been worse off?

Interesting story about Frediya Ericsdoter in Vinland... years before Columbus "discovered" the new world, just imagine if Leif Ericsson's sister had not gone on a murderous rampage, the Vikings may have been here with an established land hundreds of years before Cristobal.

Interesting also about the Khwarzem empire which incurred the wrath of Genghis Khan, after having their merchants attacked and then the beards of their ambassadors burned. In trying to seek reparations for some quite unjust behavior, basically caused the Mongols to brutally invade and destroy their entire lands, leading the what once was fertile and rich AfPak region to 80% of population wiped out... and 800years later still never recovered.

Bubonic plague... who would have thought that this was proliferated by a drama involving Catholics and felines? As the plague spread by rodents, their natural predators the cats were made public enemy #1 by the church. Invoking superstitions to garner support their way, the church managed to convince people that cats were the avatar of the devil (where the black cat superstition comes from), encouraging people to kill their cats and eliminating the predator that could have stopped the disease spreading rats. The majority of aristocrats who believed little in the church's propaganda did not kill their beloved pets, and as a result survived in much greater #'s than the working class... leading to a post-plague demographic balance of fewer workers vs landowners... evolving into the economic developments of today.

In the case of Columbus, there actually was not a widespread belief that the world is flat... apparently this was already widely known throughout Europe. The difference is that most thought that the earth's circumference was 25M miles which was too large navigate and could not justify financing a trip to India this opposite direction. Columbus made a math error when reading Chinese ancient Ptolemaic maps that the circumference was only 10M miles, so gained approved financing. Either way, he embarked on the journey, termed "heroic" by the author given the riches it brought to Spain and Portugal in the new world (nevermind the trail of destruction it incurred on the natives).

The author's political view shines brightly again as he states that FDR was only a success since following the ineptitude of Hoover; the new deal policies were a mistake for prolonging the depression? Nevermind that had they were critical to enabling social mobility... this changed the world for worse? Also cites the passage of the Smoot-Hawley foreign tariff as disastrous which it was... but correlates it to today as being just as bad as an inhibitor to free trade. Where did you learn macroeconomic theory from, Wasila, Alaska? Completely overlooks the intricacies of foreign investment laws and currency restriction to broadly make a general "free trade" statement?

Overall the book was highly over-indexed on war and strategic battle mistakes, mostly by Hitler and how WWII could have ended differently. The few non military or political mistakes that he cites are scientific discoveries, largely featuring 3M - scotch guard and post it notes? Yes they were nice inventions, but hard for me to think they were the most impactful scientific breakthroughs that were discovered by accident. The author probably should have spent a lot more time researching science to see innovations that stemmed by mistakes from DuPont, Dow, hell P&G even. Surely other mistaken inventions have to have played as a much if not more of an impactful innovation than the post it note.

And finally, glad to see that he does call out as a major mistake that is currently changing the world, the repeal of the 1933 Glass-Steagel act that was passed after the 1929 stock market crash in order to limit the size of banks and prevent another too big to fail fiasco. But of course, we did it and made the exact same mistake 80 years later as motivated by greed. And probably will make the same mistake again in the future.
Profile Image for Rui Moniz.
60 reviews1 follower
June 2, 2017
"Um povo que não conhece a sua história está condenado a repeti-la” (Edmund Burke)

Leitura muito interessante, com relatos curtos e a espaços bem-humorados de erros cometidos ao longo da história. É curioso ver que se repetiram erros, daí a afirmação acima. E é algo assustador ver que foram pequenos pormenores que determinaram o curso - umas vezes favorável, outras nem por isso - da humanidade.
Infelizmente, a maior parte (esmagadora maioria) dos erros estão relacionados com guerras ou outros tipos de conflitos. A guerra, sempre a guerra.
Aconselho.
Profile Image for Anna.
225 reviews
August 21, 2019
Quem não gosta de um belo mal entendido que acabou por ter um efeito inesperado? É essa a premissa deste livro, erros da história que mudaram e definiram o mundo tal como o conhecemos. Dividido em vários períodos vai desde a antiguidade ao inicio do século XXI, tem um problema? Pelo menos para mim foi cerca de 90% dos erros serem militares e com algumas descrições um pouquinho demasiado técnicas. Não sou grande estratega e confesso que alguns desses erros foram extremamente aborrecidos. Tirando isso aprendi umas quantas coisas novas e interessantes e foi uma leitura agradável.
Profile Image for Meredith Walker.
515 reviews2 followers
February 3, 2020
History is filled with bad moves and unintended consequences and a book about them seems to be a good idea, in concept at least. In reality, it is quite hit and miss. There is a lot of focus of BC events and when we get to more recent centuries the focus is almost exclusively western world. IT is also very military-centric and while significant things like the wrong turn that led to the outbreak of World War One are very interesting, chapters about new vs old coke and chocolate chip cookies seem out of place by comparison.
Profile Image for Daniela Soares.
28 reviews3 followers
April 21, 2020
Não foi das melhores leituras já que prometia mais do que o que realmente é. A proposta do título é interessante no entanto não revela o verdadeira conteúdo que, como já foi apontado por outros leitores, é carregado de descrições bélicas e militares, devendo por isso chamar-se "os 100 grandes erros da história bélica". Com isto, alguns textos são interessantes mas outros revelam-se extremamente massadores. Como já foi apontado também por outros leitores, a falta de referências bibliográficas também não torna muito credível a obra e o autor.
Profile Image for Jenn.
188 reviews10 followers
June 24, 2020
Fascinating stories. Fawcett would have benefitted from a wordiness-check by his editor. This book was clearly aimed at armchair historians--not serious military scholars. However, the battlefield maps and descriptions were unclear to someone unfamiliar with wartime strategy. Finally, there is no table of contents! Some of the stories would be great to return to, but other than paging through the book (it is arranged chronologically, at least), there is no good way to find the exact section you want. Overall, interesting, but not incredibly readable.
96 reviews6 followers
June 28, 2025
E o carte foarte bună pentru cineva care nu prea știe istorie și ar vrea să înceapă să învețe. Fiecare "greșeală" tratată în carte (de la cele implicând imperiul Roman și până în zilele noastre) ar putea fi un punct de plecare pentru o documentare ulterioară.

Pentru ca o carte de "pop-history" (nu știu dacă ăsta e un termen) totul este tratat destul de superficial, iar autorul nu citează nicio sursă. Asta o face ideală pentru publicul de care am zis mai sus.

5/7, dacă sunteți pasionați de istorie, probabil că o să vă pară banală.
3 reviews
December 24, 2024
Sinceramente é um livro ok.
Não me despertou grande interesse a ler e fiquei a ler on and off desde há 3 anos atrás.
Se quiserem aprender sobre história este talvez não seja o melhor livro, porque não se foca bem em uma altura ou época, o que era previsto dado o titulo.
Recomendo apenas este livro para pessoal que goste de história, não a conheça muito bem e goste de ler sobre curiosidades da mesma e assim, de resto, não recomendo exatamente.
Profile Image for Joyce.
20 reviews1 follower
January 17, 2019
This is a very bad book. Each of the 100 chapters is a couple of pages long, filled with unsourced, unsupported opinions in poorly written sentences. No table of contents and no index make it impossible to access in any fashion other than reading from page 1 to the end. Chapter titles try to be cute rather than informative. Is your favorite mistake here? Very hard to say.
Profile Image for Costea Bogdan.
22 reviews
December 8, 2021
It was an “ok” book. If you want to read something before you got to sleep, it is a good choice. The structure of the book is based on some “mistakes” that are not present in classic history books. Pretty decent points are made throughout the book, but not something I would necessarily recommend to someone that doesn’t like history.
Profile Image for Alexandru Schiaucu.
17 reviews
January 12, 2023
There is good quality analysis of past decisions and actions that have shaped our world.
However there are several great civilisations which existed or still exist and don't have a place in this book, unfortunately. Among them we can mention the Byzantine Empire, India or Russian Empire. For this reason I cannot give a better evaluation.
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