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Sarah: The Life of Sarah Bernhardt

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From the prizewinning Jewish Lives series, a riveting portrait of the great Sarah Bernhardt from acclaimed writer Robert Gottlieb

Everything about Sarah Bernhardt is fascinating, from her obscure birth to her glorious career—redefining the very nature of her art—to her amazing (and highly public) romantic life to her indomitable spirit. Well into her seventies, after the amputation of her leg, she was performing under bombardment for soldiers during World War I, as well as crisscrossing America on her ninth American tour.

Her family was also a source of curiosity: the mother she adored and who scorned her; her two half-sisters, who died young after lives of dissipation; and most of all, her son, Maurice, whom she worshiped and raised as an aristocrat, in the style appropriate to his presumed father, the Belgian Prince de Ligne. Only once did they quarrel—over the Dreyfus Affair. Maurice was a right-wing snob; Sarah, always proud of her Jewish heritage, was a passionate Dreyfusard and Zolaist.

Though the Bernhardt literature is vast, Gottlieb’s Sarah is the first English-language biography to appear in decades. Brilliantly, it tracks the trajectory through which an illegitimate—and scandalous—daughter of a courtesan transformed herself into the most famous actress who ever lived, and into a national icon, a symbol of France.

256 pages, Hardcover

First published September 3, 2010

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About the author

Robert Adams Gottlieb

55 books20 followers
Robert Adams Gottlieb (April 29, 1931 – June 14, 2023) was an American writer and editor. He was the editor-in-chief of Simon & Schuster, Alfred A. Knopf, and The New Yorker.

For many years, Gottlieb was associated with the New York City Ballet, serving as a member of its board of directors. He published many books by people from the dance world, including Mikhail Baryshnikov and Margot Fonteyn. He was also a member of the Board of Trustees of the Miami City Ballet

Gottlieb was a frequent contributor to The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker, and The New York Times Book Review, and had been the dance critic for The New York Observer from 1999 until 2020.

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Displaying 1 - 30 of 51 reviews
Profile Image for Jeannette.
29 reviews
June 30, 2012
I have the advantage of having read two other Bernhardt biographies: Madame Sarah by Cornelia Otis Skinner and The Divine Sarah by Arthur Gold and Robert Fizdale which I highly recommend. When this book appeared I wanted to see how the author could possibly write Sarah's biography on 219 pages.
The answer, of course, is he cannot. What he can do is thoroughly research and read all of the books, articles, correspondence, etc (many in French) that we do not have access to and summarize. I see this as a book(s) report rather than a true "biography".
The first half of the book is a little tiresome as he spends a lot of time on Sarah's early life and her family (such as it was). There are a lot of references to important people of the day, that, unless you are schooled in French mid-19th century society, mean little.
The second half of the book, after Sarah is out on her own acting, producing, directing her own plays, is the meat of the book. Gottlieb delves into her methods of acting, her reasons for choosing specific plays, her drive and the development of her persona. I found her males roles fascinating, especially her views on playing Hamlet.
He also describes some of her infrequent vacations from the theatre, including his description of her home away from home Belle-Ile. This is a Sarah rarely viewed and much appreciated.
I do recommend this book, but not the only book you read on Sarah. Use it as a supplement to other, longer, in-depth biographies on this fascinating woman and actress whose influence has been so far reaching.
Profile Image for Ann.
160 reviews9 followers
November 20, 2010
A highly praised actress of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Sarah Bernhardt was an international figure known for her extravagent fashions, scandalous love affairs, and outrageous actions (such as owning a menagerie of animals and sleeping in a coffin). This book tells the story of her fascinating life from her neglected childhood to her rise to international fame. As Bernhardt was also an outrageous liar, the author takes into account her often questionable autobiographical descriptions of her life events and speculates upon what really happened. If Sarah Bernhardt were alive today, she'd be as outspoken and provocative as Cher or Madonna or Lady Gaga -- but hey, she came first!
Profile Image for Robert.
Author 15 books120 followers
January 12, 2020
Robert Gottlieb's Sarah: The Life of Sarah Bernhardt offers a comprehensive account of the great actress's life and fame, filling in a number of blanks to be encountered in Bernhardt's own memoirs and drawing on other biographies of Bernhardt which, I suspect, are more detailed and lengthy than I, for one, would have the time or interest to read.

The core attraction in any book about Bernhardt is Bernhardt's extraordinary cultural impact, which extended a good forty+ years worldwide. She was as famous as famous could be, adulated for her spectacular talent as an actress and a draw wherever she went (to the U.S. nine times, all over Europe and beyond). Gottlieb doesn't say this, but the account he offers leads me to think that part of Bernhardt's celebrity had to do with the decline of aristocracy in France and elsewhere and perhaps also the secularization of "public" sentiment gradually detaching itself from the powers of the "church" in all of its denominations. Bernhardt managed to fill voids in the public's emotional life while remaining true to her unique, rather tortured self.

In her memoirs, Bernhardt isn't candid about how little parental attention she received as a child and how much it hurt her. Her mother favored her younger sister and sent her off to be raised by others. Her father was essentially never part of her life. This led her to seek love wherever she could find it and well explains another facet of her life that Gottlieb explores (as did the public rumor and gossip mill): Bernhardt had a nonstop series of affairs with "benefactors" (when she was young), leading men (when she was a leading lady), and "notables" (whenever she came across them.) The problem was that for her sex was necessary but apparently unsatisfactory, and a major attempt to resolve things through her marriage to Aristide Damala, a Greek diplomat, backfired: she put him on stage with her and he had zero talent, she tried to keep him reasonably close to her bed and he preferred many others.

Gottlieb succinctly answers a reader's curiosity about Bernhardt's power as an actress. She was the master of the pose, the gesture, and had an extraordinary quality of voice that matched perfectly with the audience's expectations of "declamatory" theater at the time. Beyond that, she was fanatically and brilliantly involved in designing ornate, unique costumes and stage sets: She gave the audience something to look at that, again, had an almost religious impact, lush and otherworldly.

Gottlieb is a good writer, makes fair and wise use of his sources, doesn't hesitate to call Bernhardt out on her embellishments and exaggerations, and covers the full array of critical reactions to her at the time (Oscar Wilde adored her, George Bernhard Shaw didn't). The odd, odd thing about Bernhardt that Gottlieb identifies without overplaying it is the fact that she was an outlandish prima donna in many ways while at home with friends and family she could be utterly normal, unpretentious, tolerant (especially of her spendthrift son), and realistic about where things stood in her life and career.

For many years now the concept of "celebrity" in the cultural world has had a counterproductive effect on many of us, signifying a manipulated commercial identity, famous for being famous, and all that. Bernhardt's contrariness and her genius were exploited for commercial reasons, to be sure, but to use one of Gertrude Stein's formulations, there was an abundance of there there. She was human and super-human at the same time.
Profile Image for Jan.
91 reviews
September 5, 2019
"Sarah: The Life of Sarah Bernhardt" by Robert Gottlieb is the first book in Yale University Press' Jewish-Lives-series. That was the reason I took out on reading it, not really knowing who Sarah Bernhardt was. The series descirbes itself as "...a major series of brief interpretive biography...". Having just finished the book I'd say the emphasis in this description should be on the word brief. With its 256 pp I read another rather short biography. However, Gottlieb somehow manages to fit the essential details in.

Being easy to read I sometimes stumbled over Gottlieb's execution of the task. For me, some parts did not quite fit in to the course of events. Take for example chapter XXI (of XXII). While the previous chapter covers Sarah's work after WW I, this chapter comes out of nowhere, comparing the acting of Sarah Bernhardt and Eleonara Duse. Reading this chapter somehow felt for me as if the author, at the last minute, tried to put a part into the book about how Sarah's work has to be seen in context of her time. Unfortunately for me there is no connection of this chapter to the rest of the book at all. Very disturbing for me as a non-native speaker, were the incomprehensible changes tenses. The author changes from past tense to present tense without coprehensible reason. Don't get me wrong, there might be a perfectly valid grammatical rule, I don't judge on that, as I'm cerntaily no expert on English grammer. However the change in tenses makes reading kind of bumpy.

Content-related I'd describe the book in a kind of parabolic fashion: It starts out quite fragil, is very interesting towards the climax of Sarah's career and loses momentum at the end.

The fragil start is, according to the author, due to the lack of sources about Sarah's childhood and youth. The only source for this period of her life are her memoirs. As the author acknowledges, those are not too reliable, as Sarah tended to exaggerate. This makes the first chapters of the book kind of a guesswork.

The last part of the book certainly is better documented. However, for me it felt like Gottlieb ran out of space and/or time to properly cover the last two decades of Sarah's life. This time is pressed into the last chapter of only 12 pages. That, of course, doesn't allow much depth.

To end this review on a positive note: The book achives a major point very well: It outlines the personality of Sarah Bernhardt with all its challanges. From time to time I had the feeling to see her in my mind's eye, presenting herself on stages as the gracious actress she certainly was or as the impetuous fury she also could be.
Profile Image for Lee Rene.
Author 7 books166 followers
May 3, 2013
Robert Gottlieb edited The Divine Sarah, the 1991 bio of Bernhardt by the late Robert Fizdale and Arthur Gold. The Divine Sarah was noteworthy for looking at Bernhardt's life through the prism of a scabrous work, The Memoirs of Sarah Barnum. Sarah Barnum was written by her enemies and ascribed to Marie Colombier, an anti-Semitic actress who was jealous of Bernhardt's success. In the years since The Divine Sarah was published, there has been a great deal of new information about Bernhardt that disproves much of what Fizdale and Gold wrote. Unfortunately, Mr. Gottlieb didn't avail himself of the new research and just rewrote Fizdale and Gold. While the book is short and witty in places, it is not complete portrait of this marvelously complex woman. The read has to make do with left-over cold-cuts rather than a full meal.
Profile Image for Blanche.
131 reviews18 followers
December 27, 2010
Sarah Bernhardt clearly took great pains during her career to create a larger-than-life persona to be her legacy. This book certainly gives a sense of the histrionics, the personal drama, and the (sometimes misplaced) determination that have kept this 19th/20th century actress' name on the lips of those in and out of the theatre community. While the book was not a particularly objectively written biography, I still enjoyed it as a work that did demonstrate to me the oversized life Sarah lived.
Profile Image for Alex Myers.
Author 7 books150 followers
May 28, 2015
Nice and readable! This biography felt "intimate" in comparison to the "Divine Sarah." Admittedly, it is thinner in its scope and breezes past a few topics that needed to be delved into. Nonetheless, gave a great sense of the shape of Bernhardt's life and the importance of the work that she did. Also, lots of good pictures.
Profile Image for Pam Shelton-Anderson.
1,974 reviews66 followers
June 9, 2012
I read this book after hearing the author interviewed on NPR and it was well worth it. He used extensively researched material, including her memoirs and letters to bring clarity to the murkiness of many aspects of her life. He built a convincing portrait of this complex and talented woman.
17 reviews
March 1, 2012
This book, on the life of the famous actress, was quite an enjoyable read. The author carefully incorporated the stories and facts of Sarah's life, along with excerpts of her contemporaries views on her, and photos.
Profile Image for Wendy Hollister.
607 reviews13 followers
August 17, 2011
An eccentric woman who slept in a coffin. She was definitely a woman of free thought and actions!

Profile Image for Steve.
744 reviews2 followers
June 27, 2017
I had heard of Sarah Bernhardt of course, but really knew nothing about her. What a splendid introduction and overview by Robert Gottlieb. Makes one breathless trying to keep up with her!
Profile Image for Peter.
889 reviews4 followers
February 16, 2024
The French actress Sarah Bernhardt lived between the decade of the 1840s and March 1923. During Bernhart’s long career which started in 1862, she was an internationally famous actress. Her funeral was the largest in Paris in 1923 since Victor Hugo’s funeral in 1885 (Gottlieb 218). In 2010, the American Writer Robert Gottlieb published a biography of Sarah Bernhardt. I read the book on my Kindle. Gottlieb is interested in how Bernhardt went from being “a figure of scandal to being a magnificent artist to being venerated as a great symbol of, and ambassador for, France '' (Gottlieb 152). Bernhardt was a French patriot and during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71, she was involved in running a military hospital. During the Dreyfus Affair, when the French military captain named Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of spying for the Germans, Bernhardt was a big supporter of Dreyfus. The book has illustrations. Bernhardt was an important model for her friend the artist Alphonse Mucha (Gottlieb 97, 152). Gottlieb’s biography of Bernhardt is for Yale University Press and the Leon D. Black Foundation's Jewish Lives series. Bernhardt lived a very colorful life. She was a larger-than-life character. I found Robert Gottlieb’s biography of Sarah Bernhardt to be a very good introduction to the historical figure of Bernhardt.
Works Cited:
Steves, Rick. 2015, August 26. “Prague, Czech Republic: Mucha's Masterpieces - Rick Steves’ Europe Travel Guide - Travel Bite.” Rick Steves’s Europe. YouTube. Prague, Czech Republic: Mucha's Masterpieces - Rick Steves’ Europe Travel Guide - Travel Bite - YouTube
Profile Image for Angela.
Author 7 books4 followers
April 25, 2021
Lately I have been reading a lot about late nineteenth-early twentieth-century actress Sarah Bernhardt for a blog post and really enjoyed Gottlieb's book. He manages to tell her story with both reverence and amusement. Bernhardt was a serious talent but some aspects of her life were just too outlandish not to have fun with. She was a master of publicity and was arguably the first international superstar. Gottlieb also provides insight on her celebrity status and her enduring legacy. The book includes dozens of photographs, including a section of full-page stage shots.

He (and all of us) face a tremendous task when we try to understand anything about Bernhardt since, as he points out, "she was a complete realist when dealing with her life but a relentless fabulist when recounting it." Gottlieb nicely compares different accounts of contested episodes of her life and usually comes to a conclusion about what likely happened. Sometimes, however, he seems to throw up his hands and say "you pick!"

The most frustrating aspect of the book however is that it does not include footnotes and sometimes fails to give any indication of where his material is coming from. There is a bibliography and a description of sources that should satisfy many unless you are trying to track down some of his quotes/information like I am. Highly recommended anyway.
Profile Image for June.
620 reviews11 followers
June 23, 2025
I've lived every one of my forty years in households which don't watch movies, so my interest in famous stars is almost nil. I do scan movie and television reviews in news magazines for snippets of story, so I'm peripherally familiar with some names, but if Scarlett Johansson would show up at my house, I doubt I'd recognize her; I'd probably serve her the same crockpot-special seven-layer casserole we serve the weathered widow next door.

I said almost nil. For reasons I do not myself understand, I make tiny exceptions. Sarah Barnhardt is one (Barbra Streisand another? No, don't ask me why.) I mean, what kind of person travels about with her coffin, and occasionally tries it on for size? So when I saw this book by Gottlieb, another character who fascinates me, I picked it up. And it held my interest all through. I appreciate the humor and respect which Gottlieb brings to his subject; the way he parses not only Sarah's (often obscure) history but also her (often obscuring) historians.

Not having read any other biography of Barnhardt (remember it's but a tiny exception), I cannot give you an accurate comparison, but if you want a lightly entertaining read with glimpses of late-19th century France (particularly theatre-culture) and celebrity-touring America-of-the-same-century, this might be the book for you. Contact me: I'll send you my copy.
Profile Image for Kerry Pickens.
1,254 reviews37 followers
May 21, 2020
What I learned from reading this biography is that I know very little about French theater or aristocrats of the late 19th and early 20th century. Its interesting we all know Les Miserables but if you mention  La Dame Aux Camelias by Alexandre Dumas or Ruy Blas by Victor Hugo - we are at a loss. The other thing I learned was Sarah was extremely narcissistic and self promoting to the point that writing her biography is mostly speculative because she made up so many stories about herself. To her credit, she was born to a teenage mother, her father was only a rumor, and her mother was either neglectful or verbally abusive. Sarah had many affairs with leading men, and pretty much any one she knew including Victor Hugo and a few men. She was known for her extravagant dress and very adept at posing for pictures, which I guess a strength in the theater. I can't say I admire her, but she did have strong personality at a time when women were expected to marry or prostitute themselves.
Profile Image for Carolyn Harris.
Author 7 books68 followers
November 4, 2021
Interesting to read more about the famous 19th century/early 20th century actress. I thought the final chapters were the most interesting, when the author discussed her efforts on behalf of France to persuade the United States to join the First World War and how the declamatory acting style of the 19th century went out of fashion with the emergence of silent films. At the beginning of the book, there was too much focus on speculation about her early life and the author repeated numerous times that Bernhardt's own reminiscences were unreliable. Includes further reading suggestions.
Profile Image for Seema.
36 reviews3 followers
May 5, 2021
What an amazing woman! The book has a definite positive slant and glosses over some of the darker parts of her life, but you can read between the lines and still be amazed by her grit, passion, determination, and sheer life force. A more honest biography would have been even more powerful in showing how she endured and overcame despite a remarkably difficult start in life.
Profile Image for Cindy.
105 reviews1 follower
July 2, 2018
I knew nothing about Sarah Bernhardt when I picked up this book. It was in the Discard pile in my local library. I found It to be a very interesting read because she was a very interesting woman, way ahead of her time.
Profile Image for Rita.
69 reviews3 followers
March 16, 2019
Disorganized- the author jumps from one area of Sarah's life to another, not really tying them coherently together in time. Author also vaguely anti-Semitic in his references to Sarah, although in the guise of repeating contemporary comments about her.
Profile Image for Maureen.
780 reviews1 follower
Read
July 22, 2018
This is a book club read. I could not get interested because no one new for certain anything about her early life.
Profile Image for Judith Rich.
550 reviews8 followers
February 19, 2017
I was given this as a gift and found it an interesting read. I feel quite thick that I'd not realised her non-French sounding surname was because she was Jewish and I therefore didn't know about the anti-Semitism she encountered. I realised on reading this how little I actually knew about her at all (just that she is one of the few women to have played Hamlet and that she lost her leg). She was a true celebrity of her time.
Profile Image for Evanston Public  Library.
665 reviews67 followers
Read
January 15, 2016
Among theatrical actors of the 1800s, the memorable names of but a paltry few have survived the test of time into our own century. The French actress Sarah Bernhardt is not only one of those few, but she arguably tops that list. Robert Gottlieb’s short-but-sweet biography gives humorous account of Sarah Bernhardt’s scandalous behavior (she might have been described as a courtesan…until, at least, the birth of illegitimate son), her eccentricities (she famously wore a stuffed-bat hat), and her unabashed self-promotion (she schlepped around her personal coffin from city to city). Best known for her dramatic on-stage death scenes, Bernhardt’s passionate performances led to her legendary status in Europe and the United States. If you’ve read a late 19th-century biography on any personality in the arts, Sarah Bernhardt will likely be mentioned in it. Gottlieb’s biography, filled with wonderful Victorian-era photographs of Bernhardt, is a recommended and entertaining work on this colorful diva of yesteryear. (Russ K., Ref.)
45 reviews3 followers
December 22, 2010
I knew nothing about Sarah Bernhardt when I started this book...unfortunately I still wish I knew more, but in terms of her personal life, little is known. Most of what was written about her during her life time was either about her acting--or was written (and probably created) by her--in orhter words, questionable accuracy!
It did not keep me awake at night (a bit too dry for my taste) but it did leave me wishing I knew more. I never knew she was French, or Jewish, or traveled to America and Britain many times to perform. She was a woman before her time...and overcame a difficult childhood to accomplish quite a name for herself.
Profile Image for Allison.
76 reviews
June 4, 2011
Not very well-written. I have never seen so many parenthetical asides in a work of non-fiction in my life. Also, the author spends alot of time referencing other biographies, then debunking much of what has been written with a wink and a nudge: "Well, this is what Sarah said happened, but we'll never know the real truth..." What? An actress creating her own mythlogy? How dare she? Frankly, I'd rather be entertained by the mythology-according-to-Sarah than slog through this cluttered attempt at reality.
Profile Image for Jennifer.
88 reviews
February 22, 2011
If I could give this one 3 1/2 stars, I think that I would. It's an interesting story about a truly fascinating woman. I like that Gottlieb acknowledges early on the complications of writing a biography about a woman who created an image out of a shell of falsehoods. He then goes to great pains to try to establish what the likely truth is. The only trouble for me was that I found myself caring very little what the truth was and wanting to just hear the stories. Truth is usually stranger than fiction, but Sarah Bernhardt's brand of fiction may be a category all its own.
Profile Image for Sharon.
326 reviews
November 16, 2010
Rather textbook like in its presentation, nonetheless fascinating in content. Knowing very little about the Sarah Bernhardt when I started, Gottlieb presented and interesting chronology of her life and career. She was one moment stage dive and the next social activist. One moment ego centric star the next grounded mother and friend. So kudos to the author for piquing my interest in an intriguing personality I might have overlooked.
Profile Image for Pat.
466 reviews13 followers
July 2, 2012
Oddly dry book for such a potentially engaging subject who lived such an interesting, bohemian life. The pictures were fascinating and her life made what otherwise was a dull and dry read worth my time. I was also somewhat put off by the author's annoying habit of diverting from the timeline without notice or reference to what year(s) he was writing about. In summary, I expected to be more entertained.
703 reviews4 followers
August 16, 2011
An entertaining read - not great literature but very informative about an actress that I have heard of but did not know much about. Based on the information in the book, we would find her acting melodramatic and supremely histrionic today but what a character. Her fame occurred before movies and television and would not likely happen again. It is hard to imagine why American were so thrilled with her since all of her acting was in French but they did.
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