Winner, 1997 National Book Award for Poetry Winner, 1993 PEN Book-of-the-Month Club Translation Prize
Published in 1776 and considered the first Polish novel ever written, The Adventures of Mr. Nicholas Wisdom is a picaresque tale following the naïve title character's coming of age. Having conquered (and fled) sophisticated Warsaw, Nicholas enjoys many adventures across Europe, South America, and the high seas. He finally lands among the natives of an unknown isle who reject his allegedly superior European ways and instead tutor him for an "enlightened" existence. Resonant with Enlightenment ideas, The Adventures of Mr. Nicholas Wisdom provides a sly portrait of the era's Polish society and a fascinating perspective on the broader problems of eighteenth-century European culture.
The first ever Polish novel (from 1776) is a curious semi-picaresque, with the titular hero romping through the overgrowth of arcane Polish land law, clashing with an aristo over ownership rights of a village, who later finds himself shipwrecked on a tropical island where he encounters a utopian tribe who teach him valuable lessons on European decadence in a section that challenges the Enlightenment philosophy of the period while shamelessly ripping off Robinson Crusoe. A mishmash of Voltaire, Defoe, and Fielding, the first ever Polish novel never quite strikes a balance between the legal arcana, philosophical lectures, and swashbuckling rompery, but as a way to light the fuse of Polish literature, this remains a robust ickle powder keg. Witam serdecznie!
The Adventures of Mr. Nicholas Wisdom is a treasure for anyone of Polish descent living in North American wishing to understand the cultural and intellectual history Poland. The author Ignacy Krasicki was born into a prominent noble family. He was bishop of Warmia for many years, before becoming the Arch-Bishop of Gniezno, the seat of Poland's primate. Krasicki is considered the leading intellectual figure of the French Enlightenment in Poland. In Mikołaja Doświadczyńskiego przypadki (a.k.a The Adventures of Nicholas Wisdom), Krasicki presents an overview of the chief ideas of the Siecle des philosophes. By coincidence it was published in 1776, the year the Americans declared their independence and their desire to found a society based on the principles of the Enlightenment. In Adventures of Nicholas Wisdom, Krasicki praises freedom. He attacks the slave trade, colonialism, and inhumane penitentiaries. He proposes that people reject artificiality and dandyism in favour of simplicity. He describes Quakers and Deists in positive terms. Krasicki represented a very important current in the intellectual culture of his era. Indeed, Polish noblemen such as Tadeusz Kościuszko and Casimir Pulaski served in the American Revolutionary army out of a desire to serve the new cause of liberty. Stanislaw Poniatowski, the last king of Poland, attempted to implement a highly progressive reform program in his country. The Adventures of Nicholas Wisdom is divided into three books. In the first we are introduced to Nicholas Wisdom a naive hero like Candide. He attempts to emulate fashion in Poland which consists of imitating all things French and spending extravagantly. False friends, swindlers and a crooked court system quickly reduce him to poverty. At the end of Book One, our hero sets sail for a meeting with his bankers. While the influence of Voltaire can be seen in Book One, Swift and Rousseau come to the fore in Book Two. Nicholas Wisdom washes up on the island of Nipu which is peopled by virtuous primitives. The Nipuans have no metals and no written language. They are egalitarian as all people wear the same clothes and live in similar homes. Their education of children follows that the path suggested by Rousseau. They are vegetarians and pacifists. The legal system is fair and honourable. Nicholas Wisdom senses he is about to settle down to a happy existence, but then comes upon the wreck of his ship. He discovers gold coins and letters of exchange. The thought of wealth in Europe causes him to flee the island in a rowboat. In Book Three, the narrative returns to the style of Voltaire. Nicholas Wisdom is picked up on by a slave boat and sold to work in the mines of Potosi. He is rescued by an American Quaker who is militantly opposed to slavery. Having retained the letters of exchange, our hero takes a boat back to Europe. On his journey he meets a Frenchman who explains to him how it is possible to live in society without being corrupted by it. One must study philosophy but have simple tastes. One should puts one energy to helping society progress. Once back in Poland, our hero buys back his family estate, marries his childhood sweetheart and enters the parliament determined to support a progressive agenda. The translation by Thomas Hoisington won the PEN/Book-of-the-Month-Club Translation Prize in 1993 and is a major reason why this book is such fun to read. The pacing is swift while the style is humorous. Hoisington finds several tricks to make the book more fun. He has the benevolent Quaker speak in the manner of the Pennsylvania who retained the use of "thy-thine-thou" and other anachronisms such as "dost" into the twentieth century. I find it hard to believe that Krasicki who never spoke English would have been aware of the speaking habits of American Quakers. However, Hoisington's device works admirably well. It clearly defines one character and links him to the Quakers who were the leaders of the early abolitionist movement. This is a five star book with a five star translation. I recommend it to GoodRead members of Polish descent or having Polish in-laws. It is a wonderful introduction to one of Poland's finest intellectuals.
krasicki, kocham cię, ale TAK się zawiodłam, liczyłam na coś… hm, innego? językowo bardziej ujmującego? znając talent księdza biskupa. i co? i wracam do wzdychania nad kubusiem (fatalistą)
Forse mi aspettavo qualcosina di più da questo romanzo che comunque è carino, ma un poco lento nella parte centrale. Niccolò viene presentato come un giovane ricco, viziato e sprovveduto che si fa letteralmente spennare da chiunque finchè, per colpa di un naufragio, si ritrova a vivere sull'isola di Nipu in mezzo alla popolazione indigena. La seconda parte è un tantino noiosa fatta degli insegnamenti che Niccolò riceve da uno degli isolani, Xiaoo. Per l'amor del cielo, tutte cose condivisibilissime e di assoluto buon senso, ma dopo un po' parte lo sbadiglio anche perchè il mito del "buon selvaggio" opposto alla corruzione dei costumi europei stanca. Nella terza parte il romanzo si riprende e racconta il viaggio avventuroso per tornare nella madre patria. Qualche intermezzo morale c'è anche qui, ma inframezzato da avventure varie. Complessivamente per quanto non rientrerà tra i miei preferiti, sono contenta di avere letto questo romanzo perchè è pieno di stimoli ed un modo per farsi un'idea la Polonia dell'epoca.
Szczerze mówiąc, nie spodziewałam się, że w pierwszej polskiej powieści NIE dostanę typowej polskiej ksenofobii a wręcz przeciwnie - zwrócenie uwagi na wady naszego społeczeństwa przy przedstawieniu społeczeństwa wyspy Nipu - pacyfistów i weganin, a nawet krytykę kolonializmu i niewolnictwa. Całkiem inne niż satyry - co pokazało mi jak wybitnym twórcom był Krasicki.
6,5/10 Pierwsza polska powieść, polski "Kandyd", polska robinsonada. Można byłoby wymienić znaczną ilość wpływów i inspiracji, które skłoniły Krasickiego do napisania "Mikołaja Doświadczyńskiego", ale to właśnie powiastka filozoficzna Woltera jest najbardziej oczywistym pierwowzorem. Podobny schemat fabularny, elementy utopii, szczypta humoru.
Niestety, powieść Krasickiego to po prostu przetworzenie zachodnich wzorców z zaszczepieniem zaledwie kilku własnych idei i spostrzeżeń. Te zwykle dotyczą sytuacji wewnętrznej Polski - zły stan edukacji i tradycyjnego wychowania, marazm polityczny, braki w wykształceniu prawników. W czasach, gdy pisane były "Mikołaja Doświadczyńskiego przypadki" to były palące problemy, które pośrednio przyczyniły się do upadku Rzeczpospolitej dwie dekady później, ale nawet słynny biskup warmiński nie zaproponował realnych wskazówek do naprawy stanu rzeczy.
Można powiedzieć, że całkiem nieźle bawiłem się przy niektórych fragmentach przygód Doświadczyńskiego, a kilka żartów zapadło w pamięć (scenka z nożem czy w zakładzie obłąkanych). Nie miałem wysokich oczekiwań wobec pierwszej polskiej powieści, więc nie czuję szczególnego rozczarowania. Ale mogło być znacznie lepiej.
Nie spodziewałam się, że będzie to fajna historia, chociaż czasami trudno się czytało, głównie przez język, ale zostałam miło zaskoczona :> Myślę, że bardzo warto przeczytać to raz w życiu chociaż więc polecam :>
zdecydowanie wybrzmiewają wolterowskie echa: utopia, charyzmatyczny dowcip, „absurdalne” zwroty akcji i pewien nadmiar w tym; po prostu „Kandyd” przełożony na realia polskiego oświecenia, a moze nawet gorszy? (chociaż inspiracja Wolterem z pewnością nie jest tu jedyną)
Szczerze mówiąc, podobała mi się ta książka. Język jest trudny, konstrukcja zdań i zastosowane słowa sprawiają, że na pewno nie można przy tej książce się zrelaksować. Trzeba zachować czujność, aby nie zgubić się w akcji i nie cofać się, by ponownie przeczytać minione strony. Mimo to, ma w sobie wiele wartości i widzę oświeceniowe ideały. Mieszkańcy Nipu niosą ze sobą bardzo ponadczasowe wartości, z których można wywnioskować coś dla siebie i dla ówczesnego świata. Zastanawiałam się nad trzema gwiazdkami, ale myślę, że zasługuje na więcej. Jedynym mankamentem był dla mnie język, ale to nic dziwnego, skoro książka została napisana w czasach oświecenia. Polecam, choć to nie jest lektura dla każdego.
Przez początek strasznie ciężko było mi przebrnąć, zważywszy na oświeceniowy styl pisania (i to, że nigdy mnie zbytnio nie porywały problemy polskiej szlachty), jednak gdy już się przyzwyczaiłam, przez księgę drugą i trzecią dosłownie przeleciałam. Bardzo szybko zmienia się bieg wydarzeń, co nadaje tempa i utrzymuje ciekawość. Nie dam profesjonalnej recenzji, bo jeszcze będę tę książkę omawiać na zajęciach, ale ostatecznie zostawiła mnie z pozytywnym wrażeniem.
Considered the first Polish novel with elements of fantasy (a utopian story) and read on the 250th anniversary of Polish Fantasy (according to its publication date of 1776).
What can be said about this novel... the first book is irritating, the second astonishing, and the third entertaining.
Is it worth reading? Yes, but you need to be prepared and not be put off by the language, which can be a bit intimidating at first.
This novel demonstrates how Polish literature is at the same time one of the most original and underestimate (that's so sad) of all. What a great novel! A XVIII's book with such an original and contemporary philosophy. Loved it!!