Module 1 : AMPLITUDE MODULATION AMPLITUDE Introduction, Amplitude & Frequency – Domain description, Switching modulator,Envelop detector.DOUBLE SIDE BAND-SUPPRESSED CARRIER and Frequency – Domain description, Ring modulator, Coherent detection, Costas Receiver, Quadrature Carrier Multiplexing.SINGLE SIDE–BAND AND VESTIGIAL SIDEBAND METHODS OF SSB Modulation, VSB Modulation, Frequency Translation, Frequency- Division Multiplexing, Theme VSB Transmission of Analog and Digital Television Module 2 : ANGLE MODULATION ANGLE Basic definitions, Frequency Band FM, Wide Band FM, Transmission bandwidth of FM Signals, Generation of FM Signals, Demodulation of FM Signals, FM Stereo Multiplexing, Phase–Locked Nonlinear model of PLL, Linear model of PLL, Nonlinear Effects in FM Systems. The Superheterodyne Receiver Module 3 : RANDOM VARIABLES & PROCESS RANDOM VARIABLES & Introduction, Probability, Conditional Probability, Random variables, Several Random Variables. Statistical Function of a random variable, Moments, Random Processes, Mean, Correlation and Covariance Properties of autocorrelation function, Cross–correlation functions (refer Chapter 5 of Text). Shot Noise, Thermal noise, White Noise, Noise Equivalent Bandwidth, Noise Figure. Module 4 : NOISE IN ANALOG MODULATION NOISE IN ANALOG Introduction, Receiver Model, Noise in DSB-SC receivers, Noise in AM receivers, Threshold effect, Noise in FM receivers, Capture effect, FM threshold effect, FM threshold reduction, Pre-emphasis and Deemphasis in FM Module 5 : DIGITAL REPRESENTATION OF ANALOG SIGNALS DIGITAL REPRESENTATION OF ANALOG Why Digitize Analog Sources?, The Sampling process, Pulse Amplitude Modulation, Time Division Multiplexing, Pulse-Position Modulation, Generation of PPM Waves, Detection ofPPM Waves, The Quantization Process, Quantization Noise, Pulse– Code Sampling, Quantization, Encoding, Regeneration, Decoding, Filtering, Multiplexing, Application to Vocoder