“Class relations involve a compromise that materializes through a sales and purchase agreement. The employer purchases labor power in exchange for remuneration. Here, labor power is a commodity that produces surplus value, enabling another form of capital accumulation. The worker is dispossessed of the means of production, which belong to the employer. This class relation is one that has historically bound white employers to white workers; the employer must concede a share, albeit negligible, of their profit. This is the radical distinction between the slave and the worker.
Gender relations are implicit, non-formalized relations connecting a woman and her husband's employer. Under the capitalist regime, the woman's role is to reproduce labor power. She feeds the worker, does his laundry, and relieves him emotionally and sexually.
She gives birth to the future workforce and does so without remuneration. The work she performs free of charge in exchange for the room and board provided by her husband represents an extraction of surplus value that increases capitalist margins. Materialist and Marxist feminists have extensively documented this phenomenon as "an aspect that led to the establishment of capitalism in Europe."
…The extraction of surplus value has never been as proficient as it is under the capitalist regime, which owes its longevity, efficiency, and coherence only to its ability to structure relations of exploitation on a global scale and adapt them to the balance of power in place at a local and international level…One could even argue that race is a modality of class (and gender), just as class is a modality of race (and gender). It follows that racial struggle is a modality of class struggle. It also follows that class struggle is a modality of racial struggle. It is all a matter of time, space, and conjunctural frame. It is important to dispel the false objection that one takes precedence over the others.”
“This history was forged through unprecedented violence, but the peoples who were subjugated and put down by force resisted. Their resistance, as we have seen, forced the powers in place to promote the middle classes, themselves fighting for better living conditions…the slave system had to confront not only the struggles of the enslaved, but also its own contradictions. As early as the nineteenth century, part of the bourgeoisie realized that, in the age of industrialization, wage labor was more efficient and, above all, more profitable than slavery... As soon as the war was over, Congress ratified a constitutional amendment abolishing slavery on December 18, 1865. This victory for the abolitionists can be symbolically considered as a historic moment in the reconfiguration of capital, itself determined by the Industrial Revolution.
There was a gradual shift from naturalist racial States to progressive racial States, which had to adapt and address a new challenge: the racial homogeneity within their borders... This new stage in the racialization of States took place at the expense of the regional cultures and traditions of Europe's many populations, and of course, of all non-white people across the planet.”
“Let us not forget that the conquest of Algeria began in 1830, some forty years after the French Revolution, and that the great period of colonization of Africa was in full swing beginning in the 1870s, at the time of the great revolutionary fever and of the Paris Commune.
According to Gramsci, the hegemony of the bourgeois class was achieved through its ability to transcend its immediate interests and universalize them for the benefit of the subaltern classes, all the while preserving its power of organization, control, and governance…in 1789, the French Revolution liquidated the aristocracy to the benefit of the commercial, manufacturing, and, already at that point, financial bourgeoisie. It was time for national unity. The hegemony of the dominant classes within the State could only be assured if they could make the necessary compromises with the subaltern classes. According to Gramsci, this is what the French Jacobins accomplished: unity between the bourgeoisie and the working classes, achieved through the former's ability to temper their immediate material interests to facilitate interclass alliance, an indispensable condition for mass mobilization around universal social demands”
“1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen-France
1825: Recognition of trade unions-Great Britain
1841: Ban on child labor for children under eight-France
1853: Eight-hour working day for women and children-Great
Britain
1864: Right to strike-France
1884: Recognition of trade unions-France
1875: Right to strike-Great Britain
1890: Weekly time off on Saturday and Sunday-Great Britain
1906: One day off per week-France
1910: Establishment of the ten-hour workday-France”
“Today, the bourgeois bloc is experiencing a major crisis. The great capitalist powers are engaged in a fierce competition that is as terrifying as it is fatal. For the first time in modern history, the Western bloc is in decline. On the one hand, imperialist wars are ending in crushing defeats, while Africa increasingly slips out of France and the United States' grip to China's benefit in particular. On the other, peoples of the Global South are revolting en masse as they struggle to organize themselves in the absence of utopia. This decline is not without repercussions for the enforcement of the racial pact. The crisis affects the white middle classes, which are seeing their hopes of upward social mobility betrayed. Anger is growing. Indeed, if the global profit rate is falling, Western ruling classes must go elsewhere to round up their margins. Why not go after the very material bases of white privilege, those commonly referred to as "established social rights": labor law and social security, wages, pensions, hospitals, schools, and public services. With ultraliberalism as their last hope, the ruling classes at both the national and the European level are mobilizing. The means to this end: white pride, migrant hunting, and Islamophobia.”
“This movement to nationalize the proletariat-which, as we will see, would always prove consistent-can only be understood if we acknowledge the following: That forces with revolutionary potential broke with the relation of rule that bound them to what we could call a "theory of truth." And that capitalism, in its supreme stage-imperialism-generates a regime of structural inequality and injustice on a global scale. The progressive abandonment of this truth could not be achieved without the strategic activity of the ruling classes within the State or the agreement of its standing political forces. If the "history of the working class is the history of its struggles against the bourgeoisie, it is also the history of the proletariat's identification with the nation-state, within which a power relation that was also a class relation was crystallized. To be sure, the bourgeoisie largely dominates this power relation; yet, however dominated, the organized proletariat struggles to leave its mark on the State on a social level as well as on a national/racial level.“
“In their eyes, capitalists betrayed the nation when they submitted to the Nazi boot and American imperialism, or when trusts traded on world markets. The PCF thus inverted Marx and Engels's formula in the Manifesto according to which working men have no country for them, capital is stateless, while workers must defend the nation, which big business has betrayed. Capital, of course, has no use for "a country," but it does have a national base; it controls a national State that protects its interests against the proletariat and against international competition to divide up the world.
In fact, this is why the proletariat must first and foremost conquer the political power of "its own" country. And should the proletariat come to somehow embody the nation, it is because it has succeeded in rising to the national ruling class through the conquest of power.”
“At the same time, other white workers' struggles were collapsing into bitter defeat: take the steel industry in Longwy, for instance, or the miners' strike in Great Britain. There was no alliance between these movements. The break between rednecks and barbarians was clear. The latter would be referred to exclusively as "Muslims," "Isla-mists," or "immigrants, but not as "workers," while the former were branded as Lepenists. Between 1968 and 1996, Talbot confirmed the schism among the (inter)national proletariat. Moral antiracism ratified it. This would be a moment of nepotistic accession which not even the events at Saint-Bernard could prevent.”
“the admission that what revolts them most is not the fact that there are poorer and more illegitimate people than themselves, but that the indigenous, in spite of it all, have figured out how to preserve a part of their beings, their identities, their histories. And the fact that the indigenous would die to preserve these attributes..
Theirs is a culture the petty White has abandoned in exchange for a poisoned gift passed down by generations of the bourgeoisie: the gift of whiteness, which is neither a culture nor a tradition, aesthetic, spirituality, or form of transcendence.”
“”Rednecks,” who represent a subaltern section of political society and a large section of civil society, are the least reliable category of the Republican consensus. This is where the partly true idea that racism is a passion from above" might have deserved further inquiry. The fact that the Western ruling classes have a vital interest-and I weigh my words carefully here-in maintaining both white supremacy on a global scale, and racial tensions within nation-states, is undeniable. The fact that these tensions are continuously fueled by the parties, organizations, and intellectuals representing the owning class and the ideological apparatus of the State is self-evident. The fact that the media acts as the driving force of State racism is glaringly obvious.“
“choice is exercised within the ideological boundaries established by the white political field, which is, by definition, enclosed on all sides by class division and, so to speak, horizonless. And yet, the characterization of class division as white indicates that it bears a color and that the battle between the bourgeoisie and the people, as ferocious as it may be, respects the racial/colonial paradigm that closes in on the political field like a corset. Disunited by antagonistic class rela-tions, the two battling blocs are united by race. A civil society that is birthed from this history is therefore branded by the colors of white compromise, which it must be subjected to for lack of daring and imagination, and which it must validate out of an instinct for self-preservation.
Judge for yourselves.
A vote for the far right is a vote for white supremacy, the watchdog of the bourgeoisie.
A vote for the right is a vote for the imperialist bourgeoisie.
A vote for the institutional left is a vote for bourgeois reformism.
A vote for the Communist Party is a vote for class collaboration.
A vote for the far left is rare.”
“They are the ones who are put on blast when the far right surfaces.
The ones who are accused of spitting on Arabs and getting a little trigger-happy at times. The ones who have to quiet their frustration when they feel they've been wronged by those less deserving than them; the ones who have to swallow their anger when they're reprimanded or assaulted at school by their indigenous "classmates." The ones who need to be taught a thing or two when they balk at marrying their daughter off to a Black man. The ones to whom the nice white guys invective "Hands off my pal" is addressed. The ones who pay the highest price for "antiracist" peacemaking policies ... since they are its main scapegoats.”
“Official antiracism and the instrumentalization of the Front National were two sides of the same deliberate and resolute State policy. The aim was to reaffirm the power bloc's hegemony by keeping two groups in check: the petty Whites, whom the liberal government was preparing to betray, and the indigenous, whose agitation raised fears of a radicalization of social struggles. Thus, the moral antiracism that spread widely during the 1980s was nothing but an update of the racial pact, shaped by the desire for equality of descendants of postcolonial immigrants, and the need for the State to guarantee and perpetuate racial privilege, without which it risked losing the approval of the white masses. This strategy had paradox-
for which the indigenous have a certain empathy. After all, they were the first to brandish the Algerian flag, to flaunt their Africanness.
Why deny "true Frenchpeople" what they have forcibly claimed for themselves? As for the antisemitic aspect of the argument, it is met with approval, since Jews are perceived by both petty Whites and the indigenous as favorites and privileged.“
“ There's always a possibility for the pretty "beurette," like the famous "'Aziza," to leave the banlieue by flaunting her ass in night clubs that the guy can't get into. Let's not underestimate the pain that the Franco-Maghrebi man feels, standing outside of a building that his sister has been invited into, while he has only his poverty to offer…this hardship is not compensated for by any other kind of sociability; State ideologies made him compete against the women in his community, so his sisters have become both vectors of his humiliation and trophies in the hands of white men. Earlier in the debate, Soral denounced the
equation Muslims = gang rapists. He hit the nail on the head.
The male malaise among petty Whites is no less intense, and just as urgent to address. First, because white masculinity is based on an imperative of domination that today is being thwarted by the global decline of the West. Frances decline is also a crisis of French masculinity. Second, because unlike for the white upper classes, the loss of this masculine power has not been met by any form of social compensation that would be as satisfying as masculine dignity. For them, masculinity is a guarantee of advancement, dignity, and strength in a world where the values they hold dear are going up in flames. As Olivier Schwartz shows:
The canons of virility and masculinity can only be reconsidered if individuals can exchange them for other socially legitimate modes of being: this is precisely what is not so obvious within working-class categories.”
“”Rednecks,” on the whole, don't give a damn about racism and the police repression of the indigenous. "Barbarians" are ambiva-lent, but not without a certain sense of solidarity, when these very
"rednecks" are also, like them, being preyed on by the cops. The former don't care about imperialism and its ravages, while the latter suffer from them. The reader must, as I do, appreciate the difficulty of this challenge, which consists in drawing an improbable, unifying line to connect the working classes of advanced capitalist countries.
Five centuries of civilization, 150 years of colonial nationalism, some seventy years of colonial counter-revolution, and forty years of rising white supremacism are watching us. Yet, as I write these lines, and against all odds, an equally improbable white left is rising.
It is breaking with the Islamophobic consensus, with the identitarian consensus, with the security consensus, with repressive policies against migrants, with the European consensus, with the imperialist consensus. It does so rather limply, but it does so all the same. This white left is at the gates of power, and its program-which is neither revolutionary nor decolonial, but bold nonetheless-far from being an obstacle in its course, is empowering it. There is still such a thing as a French soul. It wafts down to us, vaguely, from the 1789 Rev-olution, its ideals. It's the still-beating heart of the Commune. We find ourselves reconsidering words. These, for instance: "Liberty, equality, fraternity." Just yesterday, we scorned them, but today, we look at them with fresh eyes. Words that come back to life, swirling, outlining new choreographies. Could it be that the incessant Islamophobic and anti-terrorist bludgeoning did not completely win out over the spirit of the Revolution? A risk is taken: to risk being accused of complicity with terrorism, Islamists, delinquents”
“No theory on the left today is equipped to respond to these needs because they clash with certain fundamental underpinnings of progressive and/or universalist thinking. When the left is internationalist, it doesn't understand the need for nationhood (and hence security); when it is Republican and universalist, it doesn't understand the need for identity and religion. When it is anti-fascist, it fails to understand the harmful consequences of the State's differential treatment of antisemitism and other forms of racism, and when it is feminist, it fails to understand the oppression of non-hegemonic masculinities, whether white or non-white. Whatever the face of this left, it stubbornly insists on providing inadequate analyses and responses, without taking into serious consideration the singularity of subaltern subjects of class or race. And yet, to combat the nationalistic, antisemitic, and sexist perversions of rednecks and barbarians, we need to understand-which is not synonymous with "justify" but rather a condition for combating and destroying these base instincts.“
“The real problem, of course, concerns the relationship between the working class and the modern nation. This profound relationship has to a large extent been underestimated by Marxism, which has continually tended to examine it ... by exclusively referring to the ideological domination of the bourgeoisie.
Some may argue that the nation-state is an instrument of indigenous oppression and imperialist policy par excellence. This is true.
However, if we start from the principle that antiracism must be polit-ical-that is, that it must raise the question of power in order to fight against the integral racial State-then the possibility of leaving the EU, which is nothing but a racial superstate, becomes unavoidable.
It is not a question of whether the national scale is preferable to the European scale, but rather of which scale will enable us to fight most effectively against exploitation and oppression. The absolute lack of
I mat. Tride in the original. but not in democracy within the EU is the main obstacle to political mobilization on this scale. In fact, such mobilization takes place, first and foremost, within the framework of the State, and it is therefore at the level of the nation-state that the levers of power must be seized”