Ion Mihai Pacepa (born 28 October 1928 in Bucharest, Romania, died 14 February 2021 in the United States) was the highest-ranking intelligence official ever to have defected from the former Eastern Bloc. He then became a United States citizen where he activated as a writer and a columnist. In July 1978, Pacepa was a two-star Romanian Securitate general who simultaneously held the rank of advisor to President Nicolae Ceauşescu, acting chief of his foreign intelligence service and state secretary in Romania’s Ministry of Interior. He defected to the United States following President Jimmy Carter's approval of his request for political asylum. Subsequently, he worked with American intelligence in various operations against the former Eastern Bloc. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) described his cooperation as "an important and unique contribution to the United States".