In the fall of AD 9, Publius Varus, governor of Germania, went off across the Rhine to teach the local tribes a lesson, but he fatally misjudged the situation and lost three entire Roman legions. As a result, the Empire’s expansion came to a halt in the north and the Rhine became the de facto boundary between the Latin and Germanic worlds (and still is). But where did the great battle take place? The general area was deducible from Tacitus, who described the disaster in some detail, based on the reports of the few survivors, but two hundred years of historical and archaeological research had failed to pinpoint the site. Enter Clunn, a professional in the British army stationed in northern Germany in the mid-1980s, and an avid and intelligent amateur archaeologist armed with a high-quality metal detector. Partly by careful adherence to methodical planning, partly from unyielding doggedness, and partly from sheer luck, he began to turn up not only coins locally minted by Varus (the legionaries’ pay) but also lead sling-stones, which showed the presence of auxiliary troops. The professionals soon became involved and a full-scale historical site has now been established, including a visitors’ center. Clunn himself became so caught up in the story that when he retired from the military a dozen years later, he settled in the area, and he’s still there. As the first-hand story of his discoveries, how they can be interpreted, and what they mean for the larger story of Roman-German history, this is a fascinating book.
However, the author also made what I regard as the very poor decision to fictionalize a parallel story, imagining what happened on Varus’s march, how the battle played out on a man-to-man basis, and what supposed thoughts went through the heads of the individual soldiers and tribesmen, all of it in long stretches of rather purple italicized prose. Obviously, he’s interpreting events in the light of his own military training and experience -- which is fine. But the book would have been far more successful, I think, if he had written all that as the good amateur historian he obviously is, not as a wannabe historical novelist. For the rest of the story as it should have been written, I strongly recommend The Battle That Stopped Rome (2003), by Peter S. Wells, a well-regarded anthropologist and archaeologist specializing in the Roman period in northern Europe, and who based his own book on Clunn’s discoveries.