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Evaporating Genres: Essays on Fantastic Literature
A series of provocative essays on how the fantastic genres evolve and grow
In this wide-ranging series of essays, an award-winning science fiction critic explores how the related genres of science fiction, fantasy, and horror evolve, merge, and finally "evaporate" into new and more dynamic forms. Beginning with a discussion of how literary readers "unlearned" how to read the fantastic during the heyday of realistic fiction, Gary K. Wolfe goes on to show how the fantastic reasserted itself in popular genre literature, and how these genres themselves grew increasingly unstable in terms of both narrative form and the worlds they portray. More detailed discussions of how specific contemporary writers have promoted this evolution are followed by a final essay examining how the competing discourses have led toward an emerging synthesis of critical approaches and vocabularies. The essays cover a vast range of authors and texts, and include substantial discussions of very current fiction published within the last few years.
In this wide-ranging series of essays, an award-winning science fiction critic explores how the related genres of science fiction, fantasy, and horror evolve, merge, and finally "evaporate" into new and more dynamic forms. Beginning with a discussion of how literary readers "unlearned" how to read the fantastic during the heyday of realistic fiction, Gary K. Wolfe goes on to show how the fantastic reasserted itself in popular genre literature, and how these genres themselves grew increasingly unstable in terms of both narrative form and the worlds they portray. More detailed discussions of how specific contemporary writers have promoted this evolution are followed by a final essay examining how the competing discourses have led toward an emerging synthesis of critical approaches and vocabularies. The essays cover a vast range of authors and texts, and include substantial discussions of very current fiction published within the last few years.
280 pages, Paperback
First published January 3, 2011
7 people are currently reading
173 people want to read
About the author
Gary K. Wolfe
34 books44 followersGary K. Wolfe is Emeritus Professor of Humanities at Roosevelt University and the author, most recently, of Evaporating Genres: Essays on Fantastic Literature and Sightings: Reviews 2002–2006. He writes regular review columns for Locus magazine and the Chicago Tribune, and co-hosts with Jonathan Strahan the Hugo-nominated Coode Street Podcast.
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Displaying 1 - 6 of 6 reviews
January 6, 2013
OK, I should start by saying it feels a bit funny writing down my thoughts about a book that rigorously covers the reviewing process. I'm not an academic, a well known writer or critic. I feel a need to note that I am one of those untrained, unskilled people who just whack up their opinions on their website in a fundamental absence of any comprehensive appreciation of the speculative fiction field and its history.
Consider yourself warned!
I came across this collection of essays as a part of one of my favourite podcasts, The Writer and the Critic episode 26, where it formed part of their "non-fiction" edition. I haven't listened to the podcast yet (I wanted to finish reading first), but I'm almost certain that Kirstyn and Ian will have more interesting things to say about the book (well Kirstyn anyway - zing!). I strongly recommend checking their podcast out if you haven't already.
Evaporating Genres: Essays on Fantastic Literature contains eleven essays written by Gary K. Wolfe, well known speculative fiction academic (and presenter on the Coode St Podcast with Jonathan Strahan). Two of the essays are co-written with Amelia Beamer. The book interrogates the speculative fiction field and while it is hard to pick a single overarching theme (the essays have been written at different times and from different perspectives), as the title suggests Wolfe does often come back to the idea that most speculative fiction genres are difficult to define, especially around the edges, and that this fragmentation is part of what keeps the genres inventive.
The book itself is divided into three main sections:
1. Genres - focusing on various genres that make up speculative fiction and some of their defining characteristics (7 out of the 11 essays)
2. Writers - focusing on the approach of various writers (and "types" of writers) in creating speculative fiction (3 out of the 11 essays)
3. Critics and Criticism - the history of criticism in science fiction and the role of different types of criticism (with particular emphasis on the work of John Clute - well known reviewer and encyclopaedia-ist) (1 out of the 11 essays)
I don't intend to give essay by essay comments for a few reasons - I'd probably grossly misrepresent the arguments in the essays, it would take too long and there is a lot of nuance that comes from reading the detail that I would be incapable of replicating in a review. I will say that if you're reading on a Kindle, the essays themselves finish at about the 62% mark (believe me, this is useful information). I have to be honest and say that I didn't read all the footnotes.
Generally speaking I found the essays to be informative, thoughtful and articulate (although the language is a little dense at times). I don't often read more academic subject matter, so it took a little while to get into the swing of the language etc, but the book does reward the effort. I found if I didn't worry too much about not having heard of a lot of the writers/publishers/editors referenced, the general points made were intellectually stimulating and did lead me to do a bit more investigation into some of the earlier examples of speculative fiction. At the very least it has given me some context for listening to Wolfe in the Coode St Podcast!
Twenty-First-Century Stories was probably my pick of the essays. It investigated the work of many modern authors whose work deliberately pulls apart genre conventions. I've heard terms like slipstream and interstitial used a lot in podcasts and at conventions, but this essay was the first time I've really had a chance to grapple with the implications of those terms (and others like them).
Evaporating Genres (the essay for which the collection is titled) was also intriguing, providing the broadest coverage of the central theme of the collection (that speculative fiction genres are, by their nature, definitionally unstable).
Pilgrims of the Fall gives a fascinating glimpse into the world of academia and general review. Understanding the history of how more formal study of speculative fiction grew over the 20th century was interesting, but also gave me a new perspective on the tendency of speculative fiction to see themselves as outside the literary establishment.
I don't have a thorough grounding in the history of the speculative fiction field, and I found reading these essays to be very valuable in giving me context for my own writing. You get a flavour of this kind of thing listening to the Coode St Podcast, but the essays are more comprehensive and explore ideas more rigorously.
However after some thought I've decided that as a writer there is some danger in reading an academic treatment of the field you write in. Namely, the academic has spent some considerable time underpinning their research with a solid foundation of theory. This can make it seem like the authors referenced were doing significant research/theoretical work to to ensure their novels took their rightful place in the speculative fiction canon. Meaning is ascribed to the work of those authors, where the academic has the benefit of both hindsight and history. As a result, I know I found myself wondering why I bother writing - I certainly don't have the theoretical background to ensure that my work interrogates genre definitions so deliberately. However I comforted myself with the thought that many of the authors referenced may not have realised that was what they were doing until someone told them about it later. So there may be hope for me yet.
There is a lot for speculative fiction writers to think about in the definition of genres, more than I had initially thought. How much of what we write is subconsciously informed by the "rules" of the genre we have chosen to write in? How many of those rules are useful and exist for a purpose, or have evolved through a kind of literary natural selection? Where should we be rethinking them? And if those rules have evolved for a reason, what may be the unintended consequences of our departure from the norm? This collection has led me to think about these kinds of issues, which I'm sure will improve my writing in the long term.
Anyway, they are just a few thoughts on what is a varied and fascinating collection. Highly recommended, especially for speculative fiction writers.
Right, now I can get on with listening the the WatC podcast. As you were.
I also reviewed this book on my website.
Consider yourself warned!
I came across this collection of essays as a part of one of my favourite podcasts, The Writer and the Critic episode 26, where it formed part of their "non-fiction" edition. I haven't listened to the podcast yet (I wanted to finish reading first), but I'm almost certain that Kirstyn and Ian will have more interesting things to say about the book (well Kirstyn anyway - zing!). I strongly recommend checking their podcast out if you haven't already.
Evaporating Genres: Essays on Fantastic Literature contains eleven essays written by Gary K. Wolfe, well known speculative fiction academic (and presenter on the Coode St Podcast with Jonathan Strahan). Two of the essays are co-written with Amelia Beamer. The book interrogates the speculative fiction field and while it is hard to pick a single overarching theme (the essays have been written at different times and from different perspectives), as the title suggests Wolfe does often come back to the idea that most speculative fiction genres are difficult to define, especially around the edges, and that this fragmentation is part of what keeps the genres inventive.
The book itself is divided into three main sections:
1. Genres - focusing on various genres that make up speculative fiction and some of their defining characteristics (7 out of the 11 essays)
2. Writers - focusing on the approach of various writers (and "types" of writers) in creating speculative fiction (3 out of the 11 essays)
3. Critics and Criticism - the history of criticism in science fiction and the role of different types of criticism (with particular emphasis on the work of John Clute - well known reviewer and encyclopaedia-ist) (1 out of the 11 essays)
I don't intend to give essay by essay comments for a few reasons - I'd probably grossly misrepresent the arguments in the essays, it would take too long and there is a lot of nuance that comes from reading the detail that I would be incapable of replicating in a review. I will say that if you're reading on a Kindle, the essays themselves finish at about the 62% mark (believe me, this is useful information). I have to be honest and say that I didn't read all the footnotes.
Generally speaking I found the essays to be informative, thoughtful and articulate (although the language is a little dense at times). I don't often read more academic subject matter, so it took a little while to get into the swing of the language etc, but the book does reward the effort. I found if I didn't worry too much about not having heard of a lot of the writers/publishers/editors referenced, the general points made were intellectually stimulating and did lead me to do a bit more investigation into some of the earlier examples of speculative fiction. At the very least it has given me some context for listening to Wolfe in the Coode St Podcast!
Twenty-First-Century Stories was probably my pick of the essays. It investigated the work of many modern authors whose work deliberately pulls apart genre conventions. I've heard terms like slipstream and interstitial used a lot in podcasts and at conventions, but this essay was the first time I've really had a chance to grapple with the implications of those terms (and others like them).
Evaporating Genres (the essay for which the collection is titled) was also intriguing, providing the broadest coverage of the central theme of the collection (that speculative fiction genres are, by their nature, definitionally unstable).
Pilgrims of the Fall gives a fascinating glimpse into the world of academia and general review. Understanding the history of how more formal study of speculative fiction grew over the 20th century was interesting, but also gave me a new perspective on the tendency of speculative fiction to see themselves as outside the literary establishment.
I don't have a thorough grounding in the history of the speculative fiction field, and I found reading these essays to be very valuable in giving me context for my own writing. You get a flavour of this kind of thing listening to the Coode St Podcast, but the essays are more comprehensive and explore ideas more rigorously.
However after some thought I've decided that as a writer there is some danger in reading an academic treatment of the field you write in. Namely, the academic has spent some considerable time underpinning their research with a solid foundation of theory. This can make it seem like the authors referenced were doing significant research/theoretical work to to ensure their novels took their rightful place in the speculative fiction canon. Meaning is ascribed to the work of those authors, where the academic has the benefit of both hindsight and history. As a result, I know I found myself wondering why I bother writing - I certainly don't have the theoretical background to ensure that my work interrogates genre definitions so deliberately. However I comforted myself with the thought that many of the authors referenced may not have realised that was what they were doing until someone told them about it later. So there may be hope for me yet.
There is a lot for speculative fiction writers to think about in the definition of genres, more than I had initially thought. How much of what we write is subconsciously informed by the "rules" of the genre we have chosen to write in? How many of those rules are useful and exist for a purpose, or have evolved through a kind of literary natural selection? Where should we be rethinking them? And if those rules have evolved for a reason, what may be the unintended consequences of our departure from the norm? This collection has led me to think about these kinds of issues, which I'm sure will improve my writing in the long term.
Anyway, they are just a few thoughts on what is a varied and fascinating collection. Highly recommended, especially for speculative fiction writers.
Right, now I can get on with listening the the WatC podcast. As you were.
I also reviewed this book on my website.
August 21, 2014
As Author Gary K. Wolfe notes in this book's preface, the eleven essays it contains were written over many years and without any overarching theme in mind. However, there is nevertheless a degree of unity to the book, and even apart from that issue, it's one of the most engaging books of science fiction scholarship I've read in a long while.
The general topic of the book is the issue of genre, specifically as it relates to science fiction, fantasy, and horror. A few chapters examine in some depth the ways in which many books, and more broadly, the works of many authors, defy any simple genre classification. Other chapters look within single genres or sub-genres, analyzing how different genres are defined, how divisions are formed within a genre, how related genres such as science fiction and fantasy distinguish themselves from each other, influence one another, and sometimes blend at their boundaries.
Some of the chapters I found most interesting were the following:
Chapter 2, which has the same title as the book and which is its central essay, starts with a look at how genres such as science fiction became defined and developed their "specific market identities." It then goes on to look at how writers within those genres have begun to "subvert or transform the genre expectations that largely derived from those market identities."
Chapter 6 focuses on the post-apocalypse sub-genre of science fiction and has some interesting insights, for example the fact that the "apocalypse" of such stories is almost never absolute, and indeed is often represented as a point of rebirth for humanity and civilization, thus presenting the paradox that "fictions that begin with cataclysm often include some of the most strangely luminous visions of affirmation in the whole of fantastic literature."
Similarly to chapter 2, Chapter 10 looks at "twenty-first-century stories" -- a range of recent fiction that makes use of the tropes of various fantastic genres but is not controlled by those tropes. Thus these stories may include elements that seem clearly "science fictional," and yet ultimately will diverge from the conventions and expectations of SF.
Chapter 11 presents an engaging examination of the field of science fiction scholarship itself; its history, the distinction between theory-based academic study and more reader- and fan-directed criticism and reviews, and other issues. This chapter focuses largely on SF critic and encyclopedist John Clute, and I found it both informative and fun reading.
The writing of this book is excellent, presenting interesting and sometimes complex ideas without slipping into unnecessary jargon or overly convoluted sentence structure. I highly recommend it to anyone interested in science fiction studies or genre studies in general.
Full disclosure: I received a copy of this book in return for a review.
The general topic of the book is the issue of genre, specifically as it relates to science fiction, fantasy, and horror. A few chapters examine in some depth the ways in which many books, and more broadly, the works of many authors, defy any simple genre classification. Other chapters look within single genres or sub-genres, analyzing how different genres are defined, how divisions are formed within a genre, how related genres such as science fiction and fantasy distinguish themselves from each other, influence one another, and sometimes blend at their boundaries.
Some of the chapters I found most interesting were the following:
Chapter 2, which has the same title as the book and which is its central essay, starts with a look at how genres such as science fiction became defined and developed their "specific market identities." It then goes on to look at how writers within those genres have begun to "subvert or transform the genre expectations that largely derived from those market identities."
Chapter 6 focuses on the post-apocalypse sub-genre of science fiction and has some interesting insights, for example the fact that the "apocalypse" of such stories is almost never absolute, and indeed is often represented as a point of rebirth for humanity and civilization, thus presenting the paradox that "fictions that begin with cataclysm often include some of the most strangely luminous visions of affirmation in the whole of fantastic literature."
Similarly to chapter 2, Chapter 10 looks at "twenty-first-century stories" -- a range of recent fiction that makes use of the tropes of various fantastic genres but is not controlled by those tropes. Thus these stories may include elements that seem clearly "science fictional," and yet ultimately will diverge from the conventions and expectations of SF.
Chapter 11 presents an engaging examination of the field of science fiction scholarship itself; its history, the distinction between theory-based academic study and more reader- and fan-directed criticism and reviews, and other issues. This chapter focuses largely on SF critic and encyclopedist John Clute, and I found it both informative and fun reading.
The writing of this book is excellent, presenting interesting and sometimes complex ideas without slipping into unnecessary jargon or overly convoluted sentence structure. I highly recommend it to anyone interested in science fiction studies or genre studies in general.
Full disclosure: I received a copy of this book in return for a review.
September 14, 2012
Muy interesante y lectura casi obligatoria para cualquiera interesado en la fantasía, la ciencia ficción y el horror. Como toda recopilación de ensayos el interés no es el mismo en todos los capítulos, pero siempre es alto
June 25, 2013
This is an intelligent, accessible collection of essays on genres: their boundaries, histories, and disintegrations. Wolfe draws upon a wide range of textual examples, from 19th-century proto-science fiction to 21st-century fabulism. This book should appeal both to fans of the fantastic in literature and to historians and theorists of popular genres more broadly.
December 14, 2012
Some fascinating essays here. I love listening to Wolfe on the Coode St Podcast, and this book serves as a great companion. My only complaint is that it made me buy books ;)
August 26, 2015
Read chapter 4 - need to borrow entire book from library
Displaying 1 - 6 of 6 reviews