Why do people raised in the same families often differ more dramatically in personality than those from different families? What made Charles Darwin, Benjamin Franklin, and Voltaire uniquely suited to challenge the conventional wisdom of their times? This pioneering inquiry into the significance of birth order answers both these questions with a conceptual boldness that has made critics compare it with the work of Freud and of Darwin himself.
Frank J. Sulloway envisions families as ecosystems in which siblings compete for parental favor by occupying specialized niches. Combing through thousands of biographies in politics, science, and religion, he demonstrates that firstborn children are more likely to identify with authority whereas their younger siblings are predisposed to rise against it. Family dynamics, Sulloway concludes, is a primary engine of historical change. Elegantly written, masterfully researched, Born to Rebel is a grand achievement that has galvanized historians and social scientists and will fascinate anyone who has ever pondered the enigma of human character.
A New York Times Notable Book of the Year
"An important and valuable study that will define research agendas for years to come. It is also hugely fun to read." --Boston Globe
Frank J. Sulloway is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Psychology, and also a member of the Institute of Personality and Social Research, at the University of California, Berkeley. He has a Ph.D. in the history of science from Harvard University (1978) and is a former MacArthur Fellow (1984-1989).
Dr. Sulloway has been the recipient of fellowships from the Institute for Advanced Study (Princeton, New Jersey), the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science (University of California, Berkeley), the National Science Foundation, the John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, and the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (Stanford, California). In addition, Dr. Sulloway is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Linnean Society of London, and is a recipient of the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement (1997). He lives in Berkeley, California.
I found this interesting and provocative. Others that I have recommended it to have tended not to like it if they are eldests, and not see the point if they have no siblings.
I revisited it in March, 2000, as the first book that I recommended for the book group. It was unanimously disliked, by what turned out to be a group of all first-borns (with one member having an unusual birth-order situation). I remember one member in particular who made a point of stridently stating that she hadn't finished it, because there was nothing worthwhile in it. As the major thesis of the book is around acceptance of novelty, and what types of new opinions are attractive, she as good as proved it.
confesion: I skimmed much of later half this book. I felt as if the author distorted historical facts to fit his theories, and once deducing such, I started losing interest. Plus, I've been drinking a lot of wine in the evenings and perhaps this was too dry a read for me. Also, hello? Correlation does not imply caustion, people.
This is a book that attracted a great deal of attention when it first came out. I'd co-authored a related book, "Birth Order and Political Behavior," at about the same time. Needless to say, we didn't sell many copies compared to Frank Sulloway's book! Also, since I am a firstborn and they come across as pretty conservative and resistant to change, I cringed reading of his thesis! He states clearly his basic thesis (Page 53): "Most innovations in science, especially radical ones, have been initiated and championed by laterborns. Firstborns tend to reject new ideas, especially when the innovation appears to upset long-accepted principles." As a firstborn, I am, of course, instantly skeptical!
Sulloway brings a wide array of evidence to bear on his thesis. As some observers have noted, there is some controversy with the data that he gathered, but I am still impressed with the scope of his work.
His book is provocative, raises many questions, and ends up being--at least in my opinion--worth taking a look at.
To start this review, "Born to Rebel: Birth Order, Family Dynamics, and Creative Lives" was an entertaining read despite its weaknesses. One of the major weaknesses is that Sulloway focuses on the details that support his thesis and doesn't do enough to identify that data that does not support it. I can also see how first borns may not love what they read in this book, as Sulloway favors later borns (the title "Born to Rebel" points to how later borns are more likely to embrace revolutionary and unpopular ideas). I am a first born and did not get offended or defensive throughout this book, but I can see why some would.
Sulloway's basic thesis is that birth order explains many of the major events throughout human history. According to his hypothesis, first borns are more likely to be conservative and to favor the status quo while later borns are more likely to support change. Sulloway focuses on scientific revolutions and historical revolutions to test this hypothesis. He has compiled databases of biographical information on historical and scientific figures to test the predictive value of birth order. Birth order turns out to be predictive of supporting ideas and movements that threaten the status quo. In the family, first borns are able to occupy the niche of their choice and typically identify more with parental authority. Later borns need to find their own niches to occupy, so they are more likely to be more open to experience than first borns. This openness to experience makes them more likely to embrace revolutionary change. Some problems emerge with this theory when we find that many first borns have been revolutionary figures (Che Guevara was a prime example). Sulloway tries to reconcile this apparent inconsistency by saying that first borns with later born parents may be predisposed to be revolutionary; the first borns identify with their parents, so parents with revolutionary thinking are likely to impart this thinking to their first born children.
"Born to Rebel" is an entertaining, yet flawed, work. I question some of Sulloway's interpretations and possible data-massaging, but it is thought-provoking. To expand on my accusation of data-massaging, Sulloway sometimes divides particular events into a "before given date" and "after given date." This causes these events to be counted twice in his samples, which I imagine must be affecting the final outcomes. As for the book itself, I think birth order can help us to reconcile the stark differences between siblings that we often identify. Sulloway's theses make some sense from a Darwinian perspective. If you're interested in birth order theory, I would recommend this book, but do not come into this expecting to get all the answers.
کتاب را در سالهای قبل در دوران کارشناسی مطالعه کرده بودم. در مورد آن اینگونه مینویسم که در فضای فکری مسلط بر دنیای روانشناسی که از رویکرد روانپویشی به نسبت فاصله گرفته بود، در سال ۱۹۹۶، فرانک سالووی این کتاب را منتشر کرد و در آن استدلالی تکاملی برای تأثیرات ترتیب تولد بر شخصیت ارائه داد.
او نوشت که خواهر و برادرها برای منبع مهم و اغلب کمیاب محبت و توجه والدین، با یکدیگر رقابت میکنند. موفقیت کودکان در این رقابت، راهبردهایی را منعکس میکند که بر شخصیت آنها تأثیر میگذارد و جایگاه ترتیب تولد، این صفات شخصیت راهبردی را پیشبینی میکند.
سالووی در تأیید نظریه آلفرد آدلر اظهار داشت که فرزندان اول احتمالاً پیشرفتگرا، مضطرب و همنوا میشوند، در حالی که فرزندان بعدی بیشتر مخاطرهجو، تجربهپذیر و مبتکر هستند و وضع موجود را رد میکنند. در مجموع، آنها باید روشی برای جلب محبت والدین خود پیدا کنند که با روش همخواهر و برادرهای بزرگتر متفاوت باشد.
در واقع، تحلیل تاریخی سالووی نشان داد که دانشمندانی که فرزند دوم بودند، به احتمال بسیار بیشتری نظریههای جدید رادیکال را که برای اولین بار مطرح میشدند، میپذیرفتند. فرزندان اول به احتمال بیشتری به نظریههای متعارفی که قبلاً جا افتادهاند، میچسبند.
گرچه از سالووی به خاطر روش تحقیق او انتقاد شده است، او دادههای زندگینامهای را در مورد افراد تاریخی گردآوری کرد. با این حال، کتاب او جان تازهای به پژوهش ترتیب تولد داد و از زمان انتشار آن، تحقیقات بهتری برای آزمودن پیشبینیهای آلفرد آدلر انجام شدهاند.
در مجموع، طرحهای پژوهشی بینخانوادگی که در آن افراد خانوادههای مختلف مقایسه میشوند، نظریه آدلر را تأیید نمیکنند؛ شاید به این دلیل که در این نوع تحقیقات کنترل کردن چندین متغیر که خانوادهها را از هم متمایز میکنند، دشوار است. در طرحهای پژوهش درونخانواده، از پاسخدهندهها خواسته میشود خود را با خواهر و برادرهای خویش مقایسه کنند و این تحقیقات نظریه آدلر را تأیید میکنند.
Very detailed research on birth order, including an array of variables that effect a person's tendency to be open to new ideas, such as was Darwin and others. Later born children are usually more open and stray from conventional thinking than first born children who cling to traditional values, etc.
I only signed out this book for part 2 so I am done with the book. I had time and finished part 2 :) And am thereby done with it. Was insightful but at times a bit too formal
*Born to Rebel* basically confirms what every eldest sibling already knows—we were the test subjects, the responsible ones, and the unofficial third parent. Meanwhile, the youngest got away with *everything,* and the middle child somehow turned their survival instincts into a social superpower. It’s a fascinating read if you want scientific proof that your childhood grievances were, in fact, valid.
Read this book if you have a second or third child and would like to understand their behaviour on the back of an exceptionally well-researched theory that looks at evolution within the family & establishes some pretty mind boggling conclusions about late-borns.
Interesting argument and historical facts. Either way I got pretty tired of reading the same idea over and over again with not very convincing arguments. Definitely a book and theory to think about.
I read a good chunk of this book back in 2017, and I can tell you that it absolutely fascinated me at that time. The tremendous concept that simple birth order can affect your life preferences struck me as a very inventive hypothesis. Along with the additional bit of info, that those younger children are more likely to 'rebel' compared to older brothers and sisters. Admittedly I've read bits and pieces of Pinker's works, Sulloway's (this book), as well as Dawkins, and I can tell you that while these men may be very inventive in select fields when they try to branch out they don't seem to get very far. What I mean simply is, that there are a lot of questions about their books that are never truly answered. Statistics can be misleading. I remember learning that in my Statistics 101 class. Mind you I am no Harvard graduate or Cambridge graduate, but the doubts raised about certain books also intrigues me. Why should we always believe what we read, because the author has excelled at Harvard, Princeton, or Cambridge? That's simply the argument from the authority fallacy, and it rarely ever checks out. Sulloway in particular knows how to write without coming off as condescending. Those are all positives no doubt. I am giving this book a three-star rating as it was well-written, and since its main thesis stayed with me throughout the years. I might have questioned it and looked away from it, but it stuck with me. I plan on re-reading it sometime in the future, and maybe when I do I will change my rating to 4 stars instead of 3.
Wonderful information. The book is made up of theories, explanations and case studies. That may account for some of the length since many individual cases are explained, but it still seemed to go on too long. This book would keep its insight but be a bit more paletable if were to be edited down a bit.
This summer I read Born to Rebel, a study of birth order in history and science by MIT scholar Frank Sulloway, because Saul Levmore told me (and anyone who would listen) that it is his favorite book. At the risk of sounding like a sycophant, I loved it too. It changed the way I look at the world, how I interact with my children, and what I think about myself. - Todd Henderson
Folks don't talk about birth order that often, so this was a fascinating look at how meaningful it really is. There are many examples of historical figures (like Darwin)and how their birth order probably factored in how they lived their lives.
An average book on the effects of birth order on a given person's life. Being in the field, I found much of it to be old information. But it would probably be very interesting for a person who is not as familiar with the concepts.
Although the book doesn't really apply to only childs (such as myself), it looks at historical figures in a scientific light, illuminating how personality develops and how culture can be shaped by personality.
Ever wonder why you're kids are giving you such a hard time? They're supposed to!
An invaluable guide for parents and teachers to help you understand the hard-wiring all children have to grow-up and break-away and how to reconcile this nature in contemporary society.
Definitely the most interesting new book I've read in the last year. It explains a heck of a lot of things and also makes me wonder about a whole bunch of other stuff. It's one I plan on rereading a number of times.
An entertaining read with an interesting premise, not entirely supported by the data the book provides (particularly about women and birth order vs. the gender of their older sibling.)