WARNING: This review is longer than the work it reviews.
"150,000,000" is Vladimir Mayakovsky's wild, drum-pounding epic of the Revolution, written when he was still drunk on the idea that art could knock history off its hinges.
Imagine a dream in verse, part circus, part sermon, part newsreel, all performed at the top of the lungs. The title refers to the population of Soviet Russia, who, Mayakovsky insists, are the true authors of the poem. He merely lends them his pen.
Russia, newly awakened and still half-frozen, heaves itself into motion. Millions march, shout, and sing. Factories glow, locomotives belch purpose, and every brick seems to develop revolutionary consciousness. The people, personified as one colossal being named Ivan, stride toward the future. Ivan is a geological event. When he moves, rivers change course.
On the opposite side of the planet, in a world of elevators and overfed optimism, sits President Woodrow Wilson, the embodiment of capitalist smugness. He polishes his democracy until it gleams like a machine part, unaware that a tidal wave of red determination is already forming across the ocean. The poem sets them up as mythic opposites: Ivan, the elemental worker-giant; Wilson, the bureaucratic dandy of empire.
The middle sections fling us from Chicago's skyscrapers to Russian fields, from animal choruses to machine songs. Mayakovsky's language bursts with onomatopoeia, slogans, and the manic rhythm of parades. Even punctuation behaves like a mob. Lines march, collide, and shout propaganda slogans that sometimes sound like divine revelation and sometimes like advertising gone berserk.
Ivan, the symbolic Soviet Everyman, challenges Wilson, the capitalist world order, to a duel for the fate of humanity. Wilson's armies are made of ideology and office paper; Ivan's are made of factories, hunger, and collective will. The combat rages across continents and metaphors.
Through it all, Mayakovsky howls with belief. He sees revolution as cosmic renewal, a transformation of matter and meaning. Humanity, he claims, is melting down its past to forge the future. Machines are saints. Workers are prophets. The entire world is being rewritten in block letters.
Yet beneath the bombast, there is a strange tenderness. The final movement turns elegiac, almost prayerful. The millions who built the revolution, hungry, tired, magnificent, are saluted like fallen stars. Mayakovsky's voice, for once, softens: the poem becomes a hymn to those who labored and vanished so that something immense might live.
"150,000,000" feels both monumental and mad. It is propaganda turned into poetry, or perhaps poetry trying to disguise itself as propaganda. It believes in everything, in progress, in humanity, in the future, with such ferocity that you almost forgive it for being wrong about half of it. It is the pulse of a world that truly thought it could start over from zero.
The Hebrew translation is a strange and beautiful resurrection. It is not a simple act of translation but a decades-long collaboration between two poets who never met, each possessed by the same revolutionary fervor and the same despair.
The translator, Alexander Pen אלכסנדר פן, began the work in the 1930s, when the Russian original was still recent enough to burn. Pen, a Russian-born poet who reinvented himself in Hebrew, saw in Mayakovsky not only a predecessor but an alter ego, a man who tried to turn poetry into public thunder. He translated a fragment of the poem early on and published it years later in the Sifriyat Poalim series, calling it modestly a "section." It was less modest than it sounds. Even that fragment carried Mayakovsky's manic energy into Hebrew, giving the language new muscles it did not know it had.
Pen returned to the poem in the 1960s, determined to finish what he had begun. He worked through illness and exhaustion, using a kind of prophetic diction that fused biblical echoes with street slang. The finished manuscript, complete with his vocalization marks and eccentric punctuation, passed into the hands of his friend, the painter Gershon Knispel.
Pen died in 1972, and Knispel, acting like a guardian of an unfinished epic, kept the manuscript for years until he could help bring it to print. When the Tag publishing house issued the poem in 1996 as part of Natan Zach's series Hinne (הנה קונטרס לשירה), it was presented as a recovered artifact.
Zach edited the text with care, aided by Aryeh Aharoni, who compared Pen's lines with the Russian original and filled in places where the text was damaged or incomplete. They both insisted that this was not an academic edition. It was an act of preservation, meant to let Pen's Hebrew roar as he had written it.
The language itself is volcanic. Pen explodes the Russian into Hebrew sound. He invents words, bends syntax, and writes as though every line should be shouted across a square. His Hebrew brims with neologisms, rhymes that clang like metal, and the abrupt rhythm of slogans and marching feet. It is both ancient and mechanical, full of biblical resonance and factory noise.
Where Mayakovsky's futurism sought to fuse man and machine, Pen's Hebrew adds a prophetic current. His Ivan, the collective worker-giant of the poem, sounds like a figure from Ezekiel's vision, risen to hammer the world into moral shape. The industrial and the mystical coexist in every line.
The result is a Hebrew text that feels wholly native even when it is faithful to none of the Russian phrasing. Mayakovsky's anger becomes Pen's melody, and his revolution becomes a kind of spiritual convulsion.
The visual design of the edition reinforces this energy. Knispel's drawings accompany the text with dense black lines and urgent gestures, portraying workers, banners, and human forms half turned into machines. The layout keeps Mayakovsky's jagged rhythm, leaving open spaces and abrupt breaks, as if the page itself breathes between shouts. The book is both poem and performance, a stage for the echo of two vanished voices.
These pages are a monument to a particular moment in Hebrew modernism. Pen's "150,000,000" carries Mayakovsky's revolutionary faith into a language that had its own socialist dreams and its own disillusionments. It sounds to me like a spiritual apocalypse sung by a man who wanted to believe in the future but knew that the future rarely keeps its promises.
The poem in Pen's hands becomes an anthem for all those who built something immense and were swallowed by it. The Hebrew edition preserves that silence between the lines, the hush after the shouting stops. It is one of those rare translations that feels haunted by the original, not by imitating it, but because it continues its unfinished argument with history.
תחי התמימות! לצערי לא יכולתי לשכפל כאן בקן צרעות הקפיטליזם של גודרידס את ריקודי השורות, קטיעת התיבות ואת המעמד הויזואלי של התרגום. רוח המילים אולי תגיע לטוברישים ולטוברישות אשר יקראו את זה המניפסט:
הַמַּהְפֵכָה
מֵהַצָאר תִּשְׁלֹל עֲטֶרֶת־תּאַר.
הַמַּהְפֵכָה
בַּמַּאֲפִיּוֹת בְּרְעַב־הֲמוֹנִים תִּשָּׁלַף.
אוּלָם לָךְ,
מַה שֶׁם אֶתֵּן לָךְ, רוּסְיָה־טֶרִיטוֹרְיָה, אֲשֶׁר כַּלָּךְ סַחְרֶרֶת בְּסַעַר הַזַלְעָף ?!
הַסּוֹבְנַרְקוֹם* -,
חֶלְקוֹ שֶׁל מֹחַ רַב־הָאֹמֶץ, דַּהֲרַת־צַדָּיו לֹא עַל הַכֹּל תַּחֲלֹשׁ הִיא.
לְבָבוֹ הָיָה מֵהַמְשׁעֶר כְּבַד־עֹמֶס, שֶׁאֲפִלּוּ לָנִין הֲנִיעוֹ בְּקְשִׁי.
חַיָּל אָדֹם אֶפְשָׁר לָסֶגֶת לְהַכְרִיחַ, וְקוֹמוּנִיסְט - אֶפְשָׁר לְהַכְלִיאוֹ בַּסַד, אַךְ שֶׁכָּזֶה
בְּאֵיזֶה תַּעְצֹר בְּרִיחַ,
אם
שֶׁכָּזֶה
צְעַד?!
הָרַעַם רָעַם, אָזְנֵי־חוֹפִים קָרַע, וּתְזַנֵּקְנָה נָה טְפּוֹת אֶל־מֵעֵבֶר יָבֵשׁ עוֹד,
כַּאֲשֶׁר אִיבַן
פְּסִיעוֹתָיו זֶרַע,
נָחַת כְּסוּפָה
בְּאַרְצוֹת הַיַּבֶּשֶׁת.
* הממשלה הזמנית של בריה"מ אחרי המהפכה.