On the Yard is a story about the downfall of a prison kingpin who controls a number of illegal enterprises in San Quentin prison. It was written in the 1960's, before our current "Prison Industrial Complex" started building like Donald Trump in his Atlantic City heyday, with the result being that America routinely houses over a million souls in its prisons. There are hints in, 'On the Yard,' though, of the times to come, and already San Quentin is overcrowded and most prisoners share small cells that were built with barely enough space for one man.
Malcolm Braley was imminently qualified to write such a novel, having been incarcerated in San Quentin and several other prisons for most of his youth till about age forty. One can tell when reading this book that the author knows his subject well.
Braley's book is extremely nuanced and contains a wide variety of characters and presents them in a way that shows their humanity and the remarkable adaptations prisoners use to adjust to life inside.
It rises above the average prison novel, though, not simply through its characterization; it surpasses most in the genre because it explores issues like the use and abuse of power, both among guards and prisoners and the system, in general. Likewise, it does not paint a black and white world--i.e., prisoners bad, correction employees good. In Braley's world, which was the real prison world of the early 1960's, even pedophiles are capable of heroic behavior and not all guards are vicious rednecks itching for a chance to beat down an inmate for even the tiniest infraction. There is a natural "us against them" conflict going on, but, when it comes to inmate-guard relations, most people wind up getting what they give out.
Prison is about change, as well, and new "fish" come and old reprobates leave until their next stretch. Along with change comes unpredictability, and some inmates trying hard to avoid trouble, inadvertently wind up in serious trouble just like someone wandering into a "bad" neighborhood might end up in a dire, life or death, struggle. And because all prisoners are attempting to eke out the best lives possible in an environment not designed to promote one's well-being, a lot of strange things occur. Things that would seem quite odd, that is, to someone on the outside, but which are taken as a matter of course in the twisted world of the prison.
An interesting facet of the novel is that it was written before a time when race relations and gangs were a serious prison issue. This was to change radically in the later years of the 1960's and is now taken for granted as part and parcel of prison life. In Braley's San Quentin, prison relationships were forged more on mutual need, affinity or hostility based on real or supposed breaches in the harsh prison etiquette. One's race was far less of an issue than one's behavior, and gangs based on ethnicity and street affiliations either did not exist, or played a small role in prison life.
Braley was released in 1965 at age 40 and never returned to prison. He had written three unpublished books before finishing this one, sub rosa, while on parole. It was published after his parole finished. An acclaimed memoir of his actual criminal and prison life followed (False Starts) and I've added this book to my voluminous "to be read" list. Braley married and had children and never returned to prison. He died in a car crash in 1980 at the age of 54. Braley should serve as an inspiration to all the fledgling and wannabe writers here on Goodreads. He began an early criminal career after years spent in foster care and homes for unwanted children and received his education mainly from prison libraries. Think of him reading his ass off in a place where the din was louder than a ball-bearing factory and keep hope alive.