WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO CATHOLIC NUNS OVER THE LAST FORTY YEARS?
Kenneth Briggs has also written 'Holy Siege: The Year That Shook Catholic America' and 'The Power of Forgiveness.'
He wrote in the Preface to this 2006 book, "No figure has etched a more indelible impression on the nation's psyche than the nun. A vivid picture of the sister... remains deeply embedded in the mind's eye of Catholics and non-Catholics alike... Meanwhile, most nuns these days have moved so far from that portrayal that connections between the past and the present are often difficult to trace. Nearly everything from the old days---housing, work, prayer, dress---has been drastically altered...
"The fact that most Catholic sisters now work largely outside Church institutions has done little to curb the old-fashioned, in-house depictions such as our found in the films 'Sister Act' and 'Agnes of God,' in which nuns remain in fanciful, antiquated convents of yesteryear... That image has been swept away by immense changes seemingly approved by the Church and enthusiastically embraced by the sisters...
:"A shocking picture of another kind emerged in 1985 when the Wall Street Journal reported that legions of retired nuns were suffering because their communities... were too sort of funds to provide adequate support. Some nuns... were actually living in poverty, on food stamps... something had changed since Vatican II: there were fewer women entering convents, and of those who remained fewer were bringing in income; at the same time, more and more nuns retired...
"Their subjugation to a male clerical order, I believe, not only kept them out of the public eye but also ultimately crushed their efforts to refashion themselves boldly and creatively. Much of the demise of religious orders... can be traced to the hierarchy's refusal to make good on the promise of renewal made by the Vatican forty years before. My purpose in this book is to examine those four decades to see what happened."
He points out in the Introduction, "The species as a whole is fast disappearing, on the verge of extinction. In 1965, at the peak of membership, sisters numbered 185,000 in more than five hundred orders. By 2005, the total had dropped by more than half, to 69,963. Nearly 60 percent of those were over seventy years old; fewer than 6,000 were under fifty. Only a handful of women have entered religious communities in recent years... the applicant pool has nearly dried up. A few hundred still come knocking each year---most of them at least twice as old as the teenage girls who once joined---but many of them leave before taking final vows." (Pg. 1-2)
But he observes, "nuns quietly set a striking example for young girls by assuming leadership in fields that were at the time monopolized by men. For decades, sisters attained what was otherwise restricted to a few upper-class women: a college education, professional work, and a role in running major institutions... Thus emerged the paradox of sisters... living a medieval lifestyle... while pursuing careers that in secular culture would have marked them as liberated...
"For a long stretch of U.S. history, nuns were, as a group, the best educated women in the nation and even the best educated among all its Catholics." (Pg. 2-3) After Vatican II, "Eventually it seemed that Rome had changed its mind and wanted to turn back the whole process, leaving only a few outward changes. To put the matter indelicately, the sisters had been double-crossed." (Pg. 7)
He suggests, "To restore vitality to communities, it would take only a few of the millions of young Catholic women to take vows. The pull toward marriage and family surely remains powerful, but to many women, Catholic and otherwise, the ideal of marriage has suffered the disillusioning realities of failure and divorce. It would be hard to argue that wedding bells sound better now than then had in the 1950s ... Likewise, the opening of so many fields of work to women could explain why most young Catholic women don't consider convent life..." (Pg. 21)
He argues, "departures swept away much of the leadership corps of early- to late-middle-aged women who served as models and guides to young sisters. The loss of skilled professional teachers, nurses, doctors, and administrators dealt a severe blow to many schools, hospitals, and service agencies run by the sisters. The trend toward allowing sisters to choose their own work rather than being assigned to their orders' institutions had begun to weaken a closed system, so the exodus of worker-nuns only hastened the process of shutting the institutions down." (Pg. 118)
He adds, "The translation of vows into action altered the work sisters did---often drawing them from classrooms to antipoverty programs and peace centers---and the purposes of their ministries, from seeking holiness to pursuing social justice." (Pg. 145)
He says, "By the end of the 1960s, no significant women’s' movement had emerged among the sisters. One reason... was that the defection of nuns to opportunities opening for women in secular employment had drained religious communities of feminist strength. Some nuns recoiled from the sharp feminist critique on the grounds that it impugned them as victims of oppression or was basically unchristian." (Pg. 155)
Yet "by the mid-1980s... Vatican officials were branding U.S. sisters as 'radical feminists,' although the huge majority of sisters weren't any such thing... feminists were inclined to believe that the Vatican's stereotyping revealed a hysterical overreaction and a heavy-handedness that would help prove the feminist case. Many other sisters across the country were appalled. To their dismay, the Vatican had apparently lumped them in with the fringe extremists who pressed women's rights way too far." (Pg. 159)
This is an absolutely fascinating treatment of a little-known subject; anyone interested in modern Catholicism will be very interested in this book (even if they don't necessarily agree with all of Briggs' conclusions).