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64 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1611
The romantic story is, then, the mode in which Shakespeare made his last poetic investigation into the supernatural elements in the human soul and in human society [...He deliberately] chose the pastoral tragicomedy as the genre is which this inquiry is best pursued.Kermode also considers that
It has rarely seemed sufficient to discuss the play at the level of plot alone, and there are many allegorical interpretations, some of them assuming a political, some an autobiographical, and some a religious purpose and key.The themes of the play according to Kermode can be synthesized as:
The main opposition is between the worlds of Prospero's Art, and Caliban's Nature. Caliban is the core of the play [...] he is the natural man against whom the cultivated man is measured [...] Caliban is the ground of the play. His function is to illuminate by contrast the world of art, nurture, civility; the world which none the less nourishes the malice of Antonio and the guilt of Alonso, and stains a divine beauty with the crimes of ambition and lust. There is the possibility of purgation [...]Linking this to genre he states:
The pastoral romance gave him the opportunity for a very complex comparison between the worlds of Art and Nature; and the tragicomic form enabled him to concentrate the whole story of apparent disaster, penitence, and forgiveness into one happy misfortune [...]One could just as easily add other key themes such as the meaning and ethics of nobility, vengeance and reconciliation, education and learning, control over Nature, freedom and power or even an (obsolete) justification of discovery, exploitation, and colonialism. I believe it would be most interesting and profitable to compare Goethe's Faust or, on fantasy, dreams, power and freedom, Pedro Calderón de la Barca's 1635 La vida es sueño ('Life is a dream) to Shakespeare's The Tempest.